1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 106 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But (1)_ humans, plants can have their t
2、emperature (2)_ from 3,000 feet awaystraight up. A decade ago, (3)_ the infrared scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley (4)_ a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine (5)_ ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmer (6)_
3、 target pesticide spraying (7)_ rain poison on a whole field, which (8)_ include plants that dont have the pest problem.Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became (9)_ to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 fee (10)_, an infrared scanner
4、measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were (11)_ into a color-coded map showing (12)_ plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they (13)_ would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farme
5、rs (14)_ the new technology and long-term backers were hard (15)_. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to (16)_ into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works. “This technique can be used (17)_ 75 p
6、ercent of agricultural land in the United States“, says George Oerther of Texas AM. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks (18)_ infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But (19)_ Paley finds the financial backing (20)_ he failed to obta
7、in 10 years ago.（A）as（B） with（C） like（D）unlike（A）taken（B） take（C） took（D）taking（A）adopted（B） adopting（C） adapted（D）adapting（A）put up with（B） came up to（C） came up with（D）stood up to（A）whose（B） which（C） what（D）where（A）precisely（B） extraordinarily（C） exceedingly（D）extremely（A）more than（B） less than（C）
8、 rather than（D）other than（A）dominantly（B） deliberately（C） accidentally（D）invariably（A）seeming（B） clear（C） apparent（D）visible（A）at night（B） for the night（C） in night（D）over night（A）transmitted（B） transferred（C） transformed（D）transported（A）how（B） where（C） what（D）when（A）otherwise（B） still（C） thus（D）the
9、refore（A）persisted in（B） resisted（C） insisted on（D）assisted（A）to find out（B） to be found（C） to find（D）to be found on（A）get off（B） get out（C） get away（D）get back（A）of（B） in（C） for（D）on（A）remote（B） lonely（C） removed（D）desolate（A）even if（B） if only（C） only if（D）though（A）where（B） which（C） how（D）whenGram
10、mar21 Im sure he is up to the job_he would give his mind to it.（A）if only（B） in case（C） until（D）unless22 The doctors have tried_to save his life.（A）humanly possible everything（B） humanly everything possible（C） everything possible humanly（D）everything humanly possible23 _, he can now only watch it on
11、 TV at home.（A）Obtaining not a ticket for the match（B） Not obtaining a ticket for the match（C） Not having obtained a ticket for the match（D）Not obtained a ticket for the match24 He was_to tell the truth even to his closest friend.（A）too much of a coward（B） too much the coward（C） a coward enough（D）en
12、ough of a coward25 She did her work _her manager had instructed.（A）as（B） until（C） when（D）though26 _human problems that repeat themselves in_life repeat themselves in_ literature.（A）/, /, the（B） /, the, /（C） The, /, /（D）The, the, the27 The buttocks are _ most other parts in the body.（A）likely less to
13、 cause fatal damage than（B） likely less causing fatal damage to（C） less likely to cause fatal damage than（D）less likely to cause fatal damage to28 _his return from Japan, Professor Li went directly to his laboratory and started working with his colleagues.（A）Upon（B） At（C） Within（D）Over29 _hes alread
14、y heard the news.（A）Chances are（B） Chance is（C） Opportunities are（D）Opportunity is30 Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than _ a room with someone else.（A）to share（B） to have shared（C） share（D）sharingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each
15、text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 You might be forgiven for thinking that sleep researchers are a dozy bunch. Most of the other things people do regularlyeat, excrete, copulate and so onare biologically fairly straightforward: there is little mystery about how or why they are done. Sleep,
16、 on the other hand, which takes up more of most peoples time than all of the above, and which attracts plenty of study, is still fundamentally a mystery.The one view shared by all is that sleep matters. For evidence, look no further than the experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergma
17、nn at the University of Chicago in the 1980s. They kept experimental rats awake around the clock in an environment where control rats were allowed as much sleep as they wanted. The sleep-deprived rats all died within a month.Carol Everson worked with the Chicago team as a graduate student and now ha
18、s a job at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. While repeating the Chicago experiments she was struck by the fact that, although the sleep-deprived rats showed no obvious symptoms of particular diseasesand no such signs were picked up in post-mortemstheir emaciation and generall
19、y sorry state was reminiscent of that which befalls many terminal cancer patients and AIDS patients, whose immune systems have packed up. While Dr. Everson does not claim to have hard and fast proof that sleep is needed for resistance to infection, her work does point that wayas does the re search o
20、f others around the world.Another approach is to look for chemicals that cause sleep; from these, you should be able to start telling a biological story which will eventually reveal the function of sleep. Peter Shiromani of Harvard Medical School has found a protein that builds up at high levels in
21、chronically sleep-deprived cats, but disappears within an hour if the animals are allowed 45 minutes of recovery sleep. Researchers at the University of Veron have found something similar. But no one chemical tells the whole story.So new ways of inducing sleep may soon be available; an understanding
22、 of its purpose, though, remains elusive. In this, sleep is like the other great biological commonplace that is still mysterious: consciousness, which is also easily altered chemically but not too well under stood. No one knows how Consciousness arises, or what, if anything, it is for(though there a
23、re a lot of theories). Almost the only thing that can be said about it for certain is that you lose it when you fall asleep. Solving the mystery of sleeping and waking might require new insights into the consciousness that is lost and regained in the process. Putting it this way makes the problem so
24、und rather grander, and the lack of progress so far look a bit less dozy.31 Why does the writer say “You might be forgiven for thinking that.“?（A）Solving the mystery of sleeping and waking requires new insights.（B） Most of the other things people do regularly are biologically straightforward.（C） The
25、 problem sounds rather grand.（D）We still lack for progress though weve spent much more time studying it.32 The experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago _.（A）couldnt prove that sleep matters（B） allowed the control rats as much sleep as possible（C） show
26、ed that sleep is still fundamentally mystery（D）kept the experimental rats up all day and all night33 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（A）Dr. Everson announced the conclusion of the experiments that sleep is needed for resistance to infection.（B） Carol Everson re
27、peated the experiments led by Allan Rechtaschaffen and Bernard Bergmann at the University of Chicago.（C） Carol has been a graduate student at the University of Chicago.（D）Carols later experiment found some similarities between sleep-deprived rates and many terminal cancer patients and AIDS patients.
28、34 The protein found by Peter Shiromani _.（A）eventually revealed the function o? sleep（B） built up at high levels in chronically sleep-deprived rats（C） was similar to that found by researchers at the University of Veron（D）lasted for only 45 minutes35 The writer seems to think that _.（A）new ways of i
29、nducing sleep is still beyond mans knowledge（B） consciousness is a crucial part in sleep research（C） the understanding of the purpose of sleep is still hard to achieve（D）weve got new insights into the consciousness35 It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good sc
30、ience it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, alo
31、ng with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It wou
32、ld have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science
33、 to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far they are from being answe
34、red. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can ye
35、t be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness; to be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore limit
36、s to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.36 The author claims that good science_.（A）defies prediction（B） should study the unknown（C） should discover
37、scientific truth（D）should offer choices rather than prescribe37 It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century_.（A）thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science（B） were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research（C） knew that th
38、ey were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature（D）did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature38 Which of the following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?（A）They invented false theories to explain things they didnt understand.（B） They falsely claimed to kn
39、ow all about nature.（C） They did not believe in results from scientific observation.（D）They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand.39 What is the authors attitude towards science?（A）He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.（B） He is doubtful because of the enormous
40、 difficulties in scientific research.（C） He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties in scientific research.（D）He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.40 The author believes that_.（A）man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning n
41、ature he can think up（B） man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intellect（C） sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them（D）questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research40 A. Unexpect
42、ed expansionB. How a student fair all startedC. When to pick the right courseD. Making various demandsE. The participants of the forumF. Factors influencing studentsG. A hard choice to make【D1】_The number and variety of courses on offer these days makes it difficult to pick the right one. But thousa
43、nds of Europeans who flock to Brussels Exhibition Centre will be shown how to simplify the difficult job of choosing the right course of study for the career they wish to pursue.【D2】_Ten years ago a handful of Belgian teenagers, baffled by the array and number of university courses on offer, put the
44、ir heads together to try to hack their way through the academic undergrowth. They knew that choosing the wrong subject or failing to make the grade would make finding a job all the more difficult. They decided something had to be done to help students approach the task of choosing a course in an eff
45、ective way. They came up with the idea of a Student Fair.【D3】_It was decided that this would take the form of a small forum for everyone in Belgium involved in higher education from both the French and Dutch-speaking parts of the country. It would provide the opportunity for representatives of educa
46、tional institutions to give information on the courses they have on offer and allow school-leavers time to discuss these with them.【D4】_But what the youngsters did not know was that they were tapping a source of anxiety among students right across Europe. The fair became an annual event. It expanded
47、 to include higher education bodies from the whole continent, becoming known as the European Student Fair.【D5】_“Each year ten million students are faced with the same dilemma,“ said exhibition organizer Valerie de Norre. “The bewildering variety of options, the evolution of the employment market, th
48、e economic downturn, changes in working methods and personal interests all play an important role in the decision-making process. We hope the fair can help people make the correct decision for themselves.“This year the theme of the fair is “the right to education for all“ and to mark this there is a
49、 special exhibition area for bodies that promote equal opportunities in education. Also, the Master of Business Administration course continues to attract an enormous amount of interest across Europe and, in response to demand, fair organizers are once again holding an MBA day.41 【D1】42 【D2】43 【D3】44 【D4】45 【D5】45 Charles Darwin wed his cousin Emma and spawned 10 childre
