1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 121 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles
2、as England. (1)_, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others (2)_ to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3)_ the ease may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4)_ being classified as “English“.Even in England there are man
3、y (5)_ in regional character and speech. The chief (6)_ is between southern England and northern England. South of a (7)_ going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8)_ there are local variations.Further north regional speech is usually “(9)_“
4、 than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10)_ to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more (11)_. They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12)_. Northerners generally have hearty (13)_: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshi
5、re, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14)_ at meal times.In accent and character the people of the Midlands (15)_ a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound (16)_ by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pron
6、ounced in words in which it would be (17)_ in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, (18)_ inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19)_ as being more “fiery(暴躁的，易怒的)“ than the Englis
7、h. They are (20)_ a race that is quite distinct from the English.（A）In consequence（B） In brief（C） In general（D）In fact（A）confine（B） attach（C） refer（D）add（A）as（B） which（C） for（D）so（A）with（B） by（C） at（D）for（A）similarities（B） differences（C） certainties（D）features（A）factor（B） virtue（C） privilege（D）divis
8、ion（A）line（B） row（C） border（D）scale（A）who（B） when（C） though（D）for（A）wider（B） broader（C） rarer（D）scarcer（A）used（B） apt（C） possible（D）probable（A）perfect（B） notorious（C） superior（D）thorough（A）swiftly（B） promptly（C） immediately（D）quickly（A）appetites（B） tastes（C） interests（D）senses（A）helpings（B） offering
9、s（C） fillings（D）findings（A）designate（B） demonstrate（C） represent（D）reckon（A）delivered（B） denoted（C） depicted（D）defined（A）quiet（B） obscure（C） faint（D）silent（A）rather（B） still（C） somehow（D）even（A）rendered（B） thought（C） impressed（D）described（A）with（B） of（C） among（D）againstGrammar21 English and Chinese_
10、quite different languages.（A）is（B） are（C） was（D）were22 It is important that the hotel receptionist_that guests are registered correctly.（A）has made sure（B） mad sure（C） must make sure（D）make sure23 When_at the door, she was given a warm welcome.（A）appear（B） appeared（C） appearing（D）appears24 A suitcas
11、e with shirt, trousers and shoes_stolen from the car.（A）have been（B） has been（C） are（D）was25 He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably more than_.（A）was good for his health（B） his health was good（C） his good health（D）was in good health26 In the dark they could not see anything clear, but cou
12、ld_.（A）hear somebody mourn（B） hear somebody mourning（C） hear somebody mourned（D）hear somebody had been mourning27 _ kinds of matter in the world.（A）There is a few million（B） That there are millions（C） There are a few million（D）It is millions28 At no time_ other countries.（A）China will invade（B） will
13、 invade China（C） will China invade（D）invade will China29 As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think_.（A）ought to be said（B） must say（C） have to be said（D）need to say30 The letter seemed_ by a child.（A）to have written（B） to write（C） to be writing（D）to have been writt
14、enPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 The Relationship Between Dinesaurs and BirdsThe once radical notion that birds descended from dinosaursor may even be dinosaurs, the only living branch of the family that r
15、uled the earth eons agohas got stronger and stronger since paleontologists first started taking it seriously a couple of decades ago. Remarkable similarities in bone structure between dines and birds were the first clue. Then came evidence, thanks to a series of astonishing discoveries in Chinas Lia
16、oning province over the past five years, that some dinosaurs may have borne feathers. But a few scientists still argued that the link was weak; the bone similarities could be a coincidence, they said. And maybe those primitive structures visible in some fossils were feathers, but maybe not. You had
17、to use your imagination to see them.Not anymore. A spectacularly preserved fossil of a juvenile dinosaur announced by a team of paleontologists from the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and New York Citys American Museum of Natural History in the latest issue of Nature, is about as good a miss
18、ing link as anyone could want.“It has things that are undeniably feathers,“ exults Richard Prum, of the University of Kansas Natural History Museum, an expert on the evolution of feathers. “But it is clearly a small, vicious theropod similar to the velo-ciraptors that chased the kids around the kitc
19、hen in Jurassic Park.“The find helps cement the dinosaur-bird connection, but it also casts new light on the mystery of why nature invented feathers in the first place. For the better part of a century, biologists have assumed that these specialized structures evolved for flight, but thats clearly n
20、ot true. “The feathers on these dinosaurs arent flight-worthy, and the animals couldnt fly,“ says paleontologist Kevin Padian, of the University of California, Berkeley. “Theyre too big, and they dont have wings.“ So what was the original purpose of feathers? Nobody knows for sure; they might have b
21、een useful for keeping dines dry. distracting predators or attracting mates, as peacocks do today.But many biologists suspect that feathers originally arose to keep dinosaurs warm. The bone structure of dinosaurs shows that, unlike modem reptiles, they grew as fast as birds and mammalswhich dovetail
22、s with a growing body of evidence that dines were, in fact, warm-blooded. Says Padian: “They must have had a high basal metabolic rate to grow that fast. And I wouldnt be surprised if they had some sort of skin covering for insulation when they were small.“ Says Norell. “Even baby tyrannosaurs proba
23、bly looked like this one.“At the rate feathered dinosaurs are turning up, it shouldnt take long to solidify scientists understanding of precisely how and why feathers first arose and when the first birdlike creature realized they were useful for flight. Meanwhile, kids had better get used to the ide
24、a that T-rex may have started life looking an awful lot like Tweety Bird.31 We learn from the beginning of the passage that_.（A）scientists are split as to whether birds descended from dinosaurs（B） the bone similarities between birds and dinosaurs are a coincidence（C） fossils have proven that birds e
25、volved from dinosaurs（D）the idea that birds are connected with dinosaurs has always been taken seriously32 Speaking of the recently-announced fossil of a juvenile dinosaur, the author implies that _.（A）it shows vividly how dinosaur flies（B） it brings new mystery to paleontologists（C） it further prov
26、es the link between birds and dinosaurs（D）it solves the puzzle of birds evolution33 In the view of Kevin Padian, the feathers on those dinosaurs_.（A）were of no practical value（B） were useful for flight（C） could protect dinosaurs from their natural enemy（D）were good for insulation34 The original purp
27、ose of feather was_.（A）to help dinosaurs fly（B） to keep dinosaurs warm（C） to distract predators（D）a mystery35 We learn from the last paragraph that_.（A）a baby dinosaur looks like a bird（B） T-rex is a kind of dinosaur figure familiar to kids（C） living feathered dinosaurs can still be found in certain
28、 parts of the world（D）scientists understand precisely how and why feathers first arose35 Generation Y gets called a lot of names. Personal finance advisers call gen Y-ers spendthrifts. Marketers consider them brand-lovers. Pop psychologists describe them as coddled products of helicopter parents: a
29、generation that can barely survive in the real world on its own. But one of their defining characteristicstheir talent as consumers, derived from growing up in the Internet age as well as experiencing the most recent recessionhas been largely ignored. As a result, many of the companies trying to win
30、 them over are doing it all wrong.Gen Y likes to feel influence and power. They like to feel that companies are serving them and are really disgusted at the idea of being taken advantage of. These relatively new consumers are also on the lookout for potential frauds and bad deals, and are alert to t
31、he first sign that they are being manipulated.For the most part, banks, retailers, and other companies have failed to embrace this generations new mind-set. Banks further corrode the trust of many young customers, who already regard financial institutions with suspicion, every time they blast off a
32、good deal of product offers. “People feel like theyre getting bombarded with irrelevant offers,“ says Ron Shevlin, senior analyst at Aite Group, a research and advisory firm.In the retail sector, traditional lifestyle advertising has become as outdated as low-rise jeans. Aber-crombie cosmic rays; an
33、d substances in the human body, such as radioactive potassium in bone and radioactive carbon in tissues. These natural sources account for an exposure of about 100 millirems a year for the average American.The largest single source of man-made radiation in medical x-rays, yet most scientists agree t
34、hat hazards from this source are not as great as those from weapons-test fallout, since strontium-90 and carbon-14 become incorporated into the body, hence delivering radiation for an entire lifetime. (46)The issue is, however, by no means uncontroversial; indeed, the last two decades have witnessed
35、 intensified examination and dispute about the effects of low-level radiation.A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with x-rays contracted cancer. Another study revealed a high incidence of ch
36、ildhood cancer in cases where the mother had been given x-rays. (47)These studies have pointed to the need to re-examine the assumption that exposure to low linear energy transfer presented only a minor risk.Recently, examination of the death certificates of former employees of a West Coast plant wh
37、ich produces plutonium for nuclear weapons revealed markedly higher rates for cancers of the pancreas, lung, bone marrow and lymph systems than would have been expected in a normal population.(48)While the National Academy of Sciences committee attributes these differences to chemical or other envir
38、onmental causes, rather than radiation, other scientists maintain that any radiation exposure, no matter how small, leads to an increase in cancer risk. (49)It is believed by some that a dose of one rem, if sustained over many generations, would lead to an increase of one percent in the number of 1,
39、000 disorders per million births.In the meantime, regulatory efforts have been disorganized, fragmented, and inconsistent, characterized by internecine strife and bureaucratic delays. A Senate Freeport concluded that coordination of regulation among involved departments and agencies was not possible
40、 because of jurisdictional disputes and confusion. (50)One Federal agency has been unsuccessful in its efforts to obtain sufficient funding and manpower for the enforcement of existing radiation laws, and the chairperson of a panel especially created to develop a coordinated Federal program has resi
41、gned.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)66 Lu Yi, one of your best friends, is injured in a car accident. Write a letter to him to1) express your reaction, and2) suggest a safer way to travel in urban areas.You should write
42、 about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)67 Write an essay of 160200 words based on
43、the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)考研英语（一）模拟试卷 121 答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for
44、 each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 逻辑搭配。in fact 实际上；常表示语气的转折。in consequence 因此；in brief 简短地；总而言之；in general 一般来说。从上下文的逻辑意思看， in fact 最为贴切。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 词义型结构搭配。refer to.as 把 称作；confine.to 把局限于；管制；attach.to 缚上，系上，贴上，使依附于，使依恋；add to(increase)增加。注意：1) attach imp
45、ortance/significance to 重视，例如：They attached great importance to his speech2) 信件用语：Attached to this letter，you will find.随信附上3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 逻辑搭配。as 作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作表语，代表整个主句的意思。as the case may be 可译为“事情可能就是这样“ 。which虽然也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但在此类带有插入句性质的定语从句中均用as，例如：As is known to all，water consists of
46、 oxygen and hydrogen4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 结构搭配。be annoyed at 对感到烦恼、不痛快。5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 逻辑型词义搭配。解这类题的技巧是瞻前顾后，注意上下文的逻辑联系，然后区别词义，选择恰当的词填入短文中，使句子前后贯通，与全文融为一体。6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 逻辑型词义搭配。前一句中的 differences 暗示此处应选 division。7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 词义搭配。row(横) 排；border 边界；scale 尺度，规模。8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 逻辑搭配。此处表示让步关系，故应选 tho
47、ugh。9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 词义搭配。wide 广大的，广泛的。它侧重指两边的距离(distance)。broad 广阔的。它侧重指本身的广度(amplitude)。如：a wide use of a word。This is a broad question此外，形容眼、口的大，应当用 wide；形容肩、胸的大，应当用 broad。本句中指方言本身的范围，故用 broader 更妥。10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 结构型词义搭配。Be apt to do sth倾向于，习惯于：A careless person is apt to make mistakesbe used
48、to doing sth习惯于( 后接名词或动名词)。sbis possible to do sth 是错误的，应改为 h is possible for sbto do sth。probable (很可能成为现实的)经常用于“It is probable that.“句型中或 sth. is probable 句型，例如：1) It is probable that it will rain today2) Colder weather is probable此外，probable 也可以作定语形容词，修饰名词，如； He is a probable candidate11 【正确答案】 D
49、【试题解析】 结构型词义搭配。thorough 纯正，完美。perfect 没有比较级和最高级形式，因而句中既然有 more，就不能再接 perfect 了。superior 是从拉丁语接纳到英语中来的形容词比较级，故不能与 more 连用。notorious(臭名昭著的)与上下文内容相悖，故不能入选。12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题测试词义搭配。swiftly 快速地，敏捷地；promptly 敏捷地，迅速地，即刻地；以上两词均强调行为发生的敏捷性，而本句中只强调交朋友的“快“，故应选 quickly。immediately 意为“立刻，马上“，也不合题意，故不能入选。13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 词义搭配。hearty appetites 心宽体胖胃口好。taste 滋味；趣味，鉴赏力；interest 兴趣；sense 感觉；见识；意思。以上三词均不符合句
