1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 128 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Bilingualism, of course, can be a leg up for college admission and a resume polisher. But a growing body of research now offers a
2、further【C1】_: the regular, high-level use of more than one language may actually improve early brain development.According to several different studies, command of two or more languages strengthens the ability to focus【C2】_distraction, decide between competing alternatives, and disregard【C3】_informa
3、tion. These essential skills are【C4】_together, known in brain terms as “executive function. “ The research suggests they develop ahead of time in bilingual children, and are already【C5】_in kids as young as 3 or 4. 【C6】 _no one has yet identified the exact mechanism by which bilingualism boosts brain
4、 development, the【C7】_likely stems from the bilinguals need to【C8 】_select the right language for a given situation. According to Ellen Bialystok, a professor at York University in Toronto, this constant selecting process is strenuous exercise for the brain and involves processes【C9】_those required
5、for monolingual speech, 【C10】_an extra store of mental sharpness, or, in Bialystoks terms, a “cognitive【C11】_. “For parents whose toddlers cant read Tolstoy in the【C12】_Russian, the research does offer some【C13】_: Tamar Gollan, a professor at University of California, San Diego, has found a vocabula
6、ry【C14】_between children who speak only one language and those who grow up with more. 【C15】_, the more languages spoken, the smaller the vocabulary in each one. The rule of【C16】_for improving in any language is【C17】_practice. “The more you use it, the better off you are,“ Gollan says. “Vocabulary te
7、sts, SATs, GREsthose are tests that【C18】_the absolute limits of your ability, and thats where we find that bilinguals have the【C19 】 _, where you know the word but you just cant get it out. “ Gollan believes this deficit can be【C20】_with extra study. 309 words1 【C1 】（A）justification（B） supposition（C
8、） approval（D）reflection2 【C2 】（A）in the course of（B） in place of（C） in the face of（D）in respect of3 【C3 】（A）additional（B） irrelevant（C） confidential（D）disputable4 【C4 】（A）blended（B） grouped（C） held（D）brought5 【C5 】（A）absent（B） unique（C） common（D）evident6 【C6 】（A）While（B） Since（C） Once（D）Lest7 【C7 】（
9、A）significance（B） possibility（C） tendency（D）advantage8 【C8 】（A）immediately（B） correctly（C） continually（D）gradually9 【C9 】（A）opposite（B） about（C） beyond（D）within10 【C10 】（A）standing for（B） coming from（C） resulting in（D）relying on11 【C11 】（A）reserve（B） approach（C） barrier（D）distortion12 【C12 】（A）origi
10、nal（B） primary（C） initial（D）authentic13 【C13 】（A）benefit（B） advice（C） evidence（D）comfort14 【C14 】（A）balance（B） gap（C） split（D）link15 【C15 】（A）For instance（B） In addition（C） By contrast（D）On average16 【C16 】（A）conduct（B） thumb（C） road（D）reason17 【C17 】（A）simple（B） entire（C） bare（D）almost18 【C18 】（A）s
11、et（B） push（C） control（D）probe19 【C19 】（A）disapproval（B） disadvantage（C） disbelief（D）distinction20 【C20 】（A）made out（B） accounted for（C） compensated for（D）figured outGrammar21 I meant_the matter with you, but I had some guests then.（A）discuss（B） discussing（C） having discussed（D）to have discussed22 A
12、good writer is_who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.（A）he（B） one（C） that（D）What23 Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery_just around the corner was untrue.（A）was（B） being（C） would be（D）to be24 Neither John nor his brothers bo
13、ught what_needed.（A）he（B） they（C） one（D）you25 The furniture delivered by the shop is quite different from_in the exhibition hall.（A）that（B） those（C） the one（D）the ones26 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _that he paid me back the following week.（A）on occasion（B） on purpose（C）
14、 on condition（D）only if27 He had a bad cold. _ is why he didnt come.（A）It（B） This（C） That（D）What28 The book NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH has been well received by learners of English _it helps them to develop their basic English skill.（A）so that（B） in that（C） in which（D）now that29 If you pour oil on water, i
15、t_ float（A）shall（B） will（C） can（D）may30 The brave soldier would_yield to such an enemy.（A）as sooner die as（B） sooner die than（C） as sooner die than（D）soon die as muchPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 In their
16、 everyday life, most Americans seem to agree with Henry Ford who once said, “History is more or less absurdity. We want to live in the present and the only history that is worth a tinkers damn is the history we make today. “ Certainly a greatbut now also deadlockeddebate on immigration figures promi
17、nently in the history being made today in the United States and around the world. In both history and sociology, scholarly work on immigration was sparked by the great debates of the 1920s, as Americans argued over which immigrants to include and which to exclude from the American nation. The result
18、 of that particular great debate involved the restriction of immigration from Asia and southern and eastern Europe. Reacting to the debates of their time, sociologists and historians nevertheless developed different central themes. While Chicago School sociologists focused on immigrant adaptation to
19、 the American mainstream, historians were more likely to describe immigrants engaged in building the American nation or its regional sub-cultures. Historians studied the immigrants of the past, usually in the context of nation-building and settlement of the western United States, while sociologists
20、focused on the immigrant urban workers of their own timesthat is, the early 20th century. Meanwhile, sociologists description of assimilation as an almost natural sequence of interactions resulting in the modernization, and Americanization of foreigners reassured Americans that their country would s
21、urvive the recent arrival of immigrants whom longtime Americans perceived as radically different. Historians insisted that the immigrants of the past had actually been the “makers of America“; they had forged the mainstream to which new immigrants adapted. For sociologists, however, it was immigrant
22、s who changed and assimilated over the course of three generations. For historians, it was the American nation that changed and evolved. In current debates, overall, what seems to be missing is not knowledge of significant elements of the American past or respect for the lessons to be drawn from tha
23、t past, but rather debaters ability to see how time shapes understanding of the present. In the first moments of American nation-building, the so-called Founding Fathers celebrated migration as an expression of human liberty. Here is a reminder that todays debates take place among those who agree ra
24、ther fundamentally that national self-interest requires the restriction of immigration. Debaters disagree with each other mainly over how best to accomplish restriction, not whether restriction is the right course. The United States, along with many other nations, is neither at the start, nor necess
25、arily anywhere near the end, of a long era of restriction.31 Henry Fords words are cited to_.（A）show the absurdity of history（B） indicate the significance of the history we make today（C） emphasize the role of immigrants in the U.S. history（D）introduce the debate on immigration worldwide32 According
26、to the passage, the 1920s debate on immigration_.（A）sparked scholarly work on immigration restrictions（B） led to the decrease of immigrants from Asia and parts of Europe（C） resulted in the exclusion of all immigrants from abroad（D）inspired academic research on immigration in various fields33 What do
27、 we learn from the text about the themes of historians and sociologists?（A）They both stressed the contributions made by immigrants.（B） Historians were more interested in the immigrant culture.（C） Sociologists convinced people that new immigrants were different from earlier ones.（D）Historians and soc
28、iologists disagreed on the way immigrants adapted to America.34 Which of the following is true according to the author?（A）Historians believed that all immigrants helped build America.（B） Sociologists argued that immigrants changed three generations of America.（C） Debaters should respect the past les
29、sons.（D）Debaters seem to be unclear about the formation of the understanding of the present.35 It should be reminded that todays debate on immigration_.（A）centers on whether there should be restrictions（B） focuses on how to defend the national interests（C） indicate that the emigration in U.S.may con
30、tinue for a while（D）indicate that the emigration in U.S.has almost come to an end35 In most peoples mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product(GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally axiomatic, however, is the
31、notion that increased pressure on dwindling natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correct?What growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity is that growth is necessa
32、ry for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one arena the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth, other than population growth, in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems callous. But is it? C
33、ould it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third World countries? If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growth?To see
34、how this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countries the reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth theory advocated through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the
35、conversion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and other natural treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means t
36、he assumption of a crushing foreign indebtedness, the proceeds of which goes not into the development of the country but into the purchase of expensive cars and the buying of luxurious residence in Miami?Admittedly, this is an oversimplification. But the point, I believe, remains valid; that growth
37、in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and who is harmed, on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in t
38、he present context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity? Only the adoption of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modern economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a t
39、ribute to mans ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understand. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth, should not be proposed without a wan prudence and a self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-insp
40、iring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and perhaps environmental catastrophes which threaten our very existence.36 Which of the following statements does the author support?（A）Gross Nationa
41、l Product is a safe measure for economic growth.（B） Diminishing natural resources will prove harmful to the well-being of humanity.（C） A decline in prosperity will inevitably lead to a growth in population.（D）Growth in population will be a chief threat to economic prosperity.37 It is implied in Para
42、graphs 2 and 3 that _.（A）the smooth functioning of the economic system is dependent on sustained prosperity（B） economic growth have not relieved the poverty of the Third World countries（C） growth in richer countries is achieved at the expense of the Third World countries（D）the stages of economic gro
43、wth cannot be superseded or modified by social mechanisms38 With regard to the economic development in the Third World countries, the author is actually saying that_.（A）the people in these countries have not actually benefited from it（B） inadequate investment has seriously affected the development（C
44、） deep debt virtually makes further growth in these countries impossible（D）agriculture in these countries should have been left intact39 The author seems to believe that prosperity_.（A）can be achieved without economic growth（B） can only be achieved with economic growth（C） is a tribute to mans abilit
45、y and creativity（D）is fragile in face of environmental catastrophes40 The answer of the author to the question “Do we need growth for prosperity?“ is _ .（A）negative（B） positive（C） vague（D）inconclusive40 In the last ten years, the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary c
46、itizens. But using the Internet can be like walking into a library where the books are all lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of the data from such searches is outdated or of questionable value. Some Web enthusiasts have taken up the task of organ
47、izing information through a democratic means that only the Internet allows: an encyclopedia of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute.This peoples encyclopedia of the Web a free site called Wikipedia has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate
48、 in the process of rationalizing and updating Web content. At the heart of this movement are wikis, Web sites that allow users to directly edit any Web page with one click of the mouse.Wikipedia the largest example of these collaborative efforts is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia
49、 that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence. The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely while encouraging people to But one group of engineers have stuck their necks out and declared that a particular technology, the electric hub motor, is likely to become the most widely used
