1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 132 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most Americ
2、an marriages, particularly first marriages【C1 】_young couples, are the result of【C2】_attraction and affection【C3】_than practical considerations.In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin【C4】_in high school and usually find mates through their own acade
3、mic and social【C5】_Though young people feel【 C6】_to choose their friends from【C7】_groups, most choose a mate of similar background.This is【C8】_in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually【C9】_choices by【C10】_disapproval of someone they consider
4、 unsuitable.【C11 】_, marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater【C12】_of todays youth and the fact that they are restricted by【C13 】_prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their home
5、 towns to attend college,【C14】_in the armed forces,【C15】_pursue a career in a bigger city.Once away from home and family, they are more【C16】_to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither【C17】_nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are【C18】
6、_the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and【C19】_a family. Marriages between people of different national【C20】_ (but the same r
7、ace and religion) have been commonplace here since colonial times.1 【C1 】（A）involving（B） linking（C） connecting（D）correlating2 【C2 】（A）personal（B） emotional（C） mutual（D）magnetic3 【C3 】（A）more（B） less（C） other（D）rather4 【C4 】（A）dating（B） appointment（C） engagement（D）matching5 【C5 】（A）position（B） associ
8、ation（C） contract（D）contacts6 【C6 】（A）certain（B） embarrassed（C） hesitated（D）free7 【C7 】（A）similar（B） identical（C） diverse（D）differential8 【C8 】（A）for（B） likely（C） due（D）because9 【C9 】（A）give（B） influence（C） make（D）offer10 【C10 】（A）sounding（B） avoiding（C） expecting（D）voicing11 【C11 】（A）However（B） Mor
9、eover（C） Therefore（D）Furthermore12 【C12 】（A）mobility（B） motive（C） moral（D）mission13 【C13 】（A）less（B） rather（C） many（D）fewer14 【C14 】（A）work（B） serve（C） stay（D）remain15 【C15 】（A）but（B） otherwise（C） or（D）likewise16 【C16 】（A）probable（B） likely（C） reluctant（D）readily17 【C17 】（A）scarce（B） rare（C） scared（
10、D）relieved18 【C18 】（A）in（B） at（C） on（D）for19 【C19 】（A）raise（B） obtain（C） grow（D）unite20 【C20 】（A）source（B） origin（C） resource（D）baseGrammar21 The heart is_intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.（A）not so（B） not much（C） no more（D）much less22 Barry had an advantage ove
11、r his mother _ he could speak French.（A）since that（B） in that（C） at that（D）so that23 It is imperative that students_their term papers on time.（A）hand in（B） would hand in（C） have to hand in（D）handed in24 The Minister of Finance is believed_of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.（A）that he is th
12、inking（B） to be thinking（C） that he is to think（D）to think25 All_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.（A）what is needed（B） for our needs（C） the thing needed（D）that is needed26 The driver carefully checked his car_it should go wrong on the way.（A）lest（B） or else（C） so that（D）in or
13、der that27 There is no mother_loves her own children.（A）who（B） that（C） but（D）who not28 I_to the radio when you rang the bell the first time.（A）listened（B） had listened（C） had been listening（D）was listening29 The student said there were a few points in the essay he_impossible to comprehend.（A）has fou
14、nd（B） was finding（C） had found（D）would find30 All the Presidents Men_one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.（A）remain（B） remains（C） remained（D）is remainingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D
15、. (40 points)30 Uncooperative Patients Need Psychological TherapyBy refusing to take essential medication after a kidney transplant, a 49-year-old woman drives her doctors and nurses to distractionto no avail, 41 This case of medical non-compliance is not an isolated example. Patients refusing to co
16、operate with medical professionals cause damage not only to themselves _42_. The pharmaceutical company Glaxo Welcome estimates the costs to the German taxpayers of this kind of negative behaviour at around five billion dollars a year.A recent conference of medical professionals, health insurers, th
17、e pharmaceutical industry and patient representatives revealed a wide range of factors behind noncompliance. Not all defiant behaviour in a patient can be characterized as noncompliance. Greater stress should be placed on psychology during medical training, delegates said, adding there was evidence
18、43Psychologist Sibylle Storkebaum told of an eight-year-old boy who ran amok in a hospital before undergoing a heart transplant, threatening to rip out his drip tubes. His fits of rage were subsequently seen as an attempt to assert his rights as a patient. “Doctors and nurses failed to see that they
19、 had downgraded a boy already conscious of his own responsibilities into a small child, “ Storkebaum said, explaining that the boy merely wanted _44_. “Once this was patient.“ Jan-Torsten Tews of GlaxoWelxome highlighted the problem of excessive medication, with patients having to take a wide range
20、of medicines at short intervals. Educating patients and self-management were the key to treating patients with chronic conditions, he said.Health insurers also expressed interest in better cooperation between doctor and patient. “ The fact _45_is a result of patient dissatisfaction with their treatm
21、ent, “ Walter Bockemuehl.a senior executive in the statutory medical insurance scheme, said. According to one study, half of all patients did not want medication, but had drugs prescribed nevertheless. “In these cases we should not be surprised if the advice is ignored, “ he said.A. but there are so
22、me experts who don t believe in psychological therapyB. to be taken seriously and to be involved in his own treatmentC. that non-compliance existsD. because the organ has in the end to be removedE. but also impose substantial costs on the communityF. that psychological therapy for insecure patients
23、could improve cooperation between doctors and patients36 As summer approaches, there is good news and bad in our latest Insider Advantage poll. With terrorism in the back of our minds and a terrible economy in the front of it, only 17% of American adults say they plan to travel less this summer than
24、 in the past, 24% say they will travel more and the rest say nothing has changed this vacation season from past ones. Thats the good news but the poll portends some bad news, too, indicating what might be a deep-seated problem in the United States today, harder to fathom than terrorist killers or em
25、pty wallets. The only age group that has more ambitious travel plans than ever is the 1829 age group showing a 44 % jump in vacation plans over last year. Thats hardly great news for the travel and hospitality industry, which desperately need bigger spenders on the road.Beyond that, the wide dispari
26、ty in travel plans among the younger and older says something about the just-out-of-college generation. Without impugning the work ethic of the many exceptions to the role, I think its safe to say that anyone with experience with the younger end of the work force must have been taken aback by the un
27、realistic expectations of the young and the restless as they set out to make their fortunes. They all seem to expect a salary based on their personal needs, not on their companys professional ones. They want not only luxuries but also plenty of time to enjoy them.Old people like me are all the same
28、in our bitter grousing and of course there are loads of hard-working young doctors; lawyers, business-people and others who contribute to their own individual and our collective economic well-being but there seems to be many more who dont. The blame for their absurd sense of entitlement without pers
29、onal sacrifice can most fairly be put on the shoulders of the generations that immediately precede them. This nation has changed its way of thinking about work and relaxation. What used to be a days holiday has morphed into a long weekend that starts on Thursday and ends next Tuesday?I find it unsur
30、prising that young adults plan to travel more than ever this year, in spite of the hard times. They look to be following the road of less productivity in America, a road first mapped by their preceding elders, and now being paved by their offspring. Its good to see young people venturing forth to se
31、e the world they live in, after all, youth is a fleeting thing but lets just hope that when they finally return from their travels, they still have a job to pay for it.36 According to the author, there is a trend_.（A）for people to travel more during hard times（B） for younger people to delay working
32、by traveling first（C） for travelers to spend less（D）for younger travelers to be unrealistic as they travel37 Which of the following does NOT account for young people traveling more?（A）The hard economic times.（B） Their need for instant gratification.（C） Expectations that they have a fight to pleasure
33、.（D）A lack of sacrifice.38 The authors main concern with young adults traveling more is_.（A）the increase it will have over unemployment（B） a shortage of labor may arise（C） that they do not spend much（D）it demonstrates their lack of work ethic39 The word “entitlement“ in the text (Para. 3) probably m
34、eans_.（A）ethics（B） arrogance（C） privilege（D）philosophy40 What scenario does the author wish for young people when arrive back from their travels?（A）A new appreciation for work.（B） Work availability.（C） A change in ethics.（D）A new sense of purpose.40 On August 24th an American jury found that Samsung
35、 had infringed six patents and ordered it to pay Apple more than $ 1 billion in damages, one of the steepest awards yet seen in a patent case.Some see thinly disguised protectionism in this decision. That does the jury a disservice; its members seem to have stuck to the job of working out whether pa
36、tent infringements had occurred. The much bigger questions raised by this case are whether all Apples innovations should have been granted a patent in the first place; and the degree to which technology stalwarts and start-ups alike should be able to base their designs on the breakthroughs of others
37、.It is useful to recall why patents exist. The system was established as a trade-off that provides a public benefit: the state agrees to grant a limited monopoly to an inventor in return for disclosing how the technology works. To qualify, an innovation must be novel, useful and non-obvious, which e
38、arns the inventor 20 years of exclusivity. “Design patents“, which cover appearances and are granted after a simpler review process, are valid for 14 years.The dispute between Apple and Samsung is less over how the devices work and more over their look and feel. At issue are features like the abilit
39、y to zoom into an image with a double finger tap, pinching gestures, and the visual “rubber band“ effect when you scroll to the end of a page. The case even extends to whether the device and its on-screen icons are allowed to have rounded corners. To be sure, some of these things were terrific impro
40、vements over what existed before the iPhones arrival, but to award a monopoly right to finger gestures and rounded rectangles is to stretch the definition of “novel“ and “non-obvious“ to breaking-point.A proliferation of patents harms the public in three ways. First, it means that technology compani
41、es will compete more at the courtroom than in the marketplaceprecisely what seems to be happening. Second, it hampers follow-on improvements by firms that implement an existing technology but build upon it as well. Third, it fuels many of the American patent systems broader problems, such as patent
42、trolls(speculative lawsuits by patent-holders who have no intention of actually making anything); defensive patenting(acquiring patents mainly to pre-empt the risk of litigation, which raises business costs); and “innovation gridlock“(the difficulty of combining multiple technologies to create a sin
43、gle new product because too many small patents are spread among too many players).A world of fewer but more robust patents, combined with a more efficient method of settling disputes, would not just serve the interests of the public but also help innovators like Apple. “It comes down to trying to ex
44、pose yourself to the best things that humans have doneand then try to bring those things in to what youre doing,“ said Jobs in a television documentary, Triumph of the Nerds, in 1996. “And we have always been shameless about stealing great ideas. “41 The Apple VS Samsung decision has_.（A）revealed th
45、e malpractice of the jury system（B） raised suspicion as to the fairness of the jury（C） incurred criticism over patent infringements（D）aroused curiosity about the origin of the patent system42 The patent system was originally meant to highlight_.（A）the interest of the public（B） the benefit of innovat
46、ors（C） the value of novel ideas（D）the worth of great designs43 The author suggests that finger gestures and rounded rectangles_.（A）should be granted “utility patents“ instead of “design patents“（B） are qualified for “design patents“ but not “utility patents“（C） are not terrific enough to tell what “
47、useful“ means（D）are not non-obvious enough to be granted patents44 Patent proliferation might_.（A）intensify technological competition（B） stifle technological innovation（C） reduce patent litigation costs（D）stimulate the creation of new products45 Which of the following is closest to the meaning the t
48、ext tries to convey?（A）Every innovation deserves patent protection.（B） Patents are for huge advances and improvements.（C） Not every copycat deserves a punishment.（D）It is dishonorable to steal others ideas.46 The long year of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundanc
49、e. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing(定量供应) is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness arid confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay?
