1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 133 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspaper or on TV-especially 【1 】the advertisements are usually writ
2、ten with young people in mind. 【2】advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to 【3】sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a number of 【4】sports 【5】condition that the name of the cigarette is 【6】This is now 【7】concern, because it does exactly 【8】many ads try to do-sug
3、gest that smoking has some connection 【9】being strong and athletic.In all this, the point of view of the non-smokers has to be 【10】as well: “3 wish smoker would stop 【11】the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant 【12】having to smell cigarettes smoke.“ It has been 【13】that, in a room where a large n
4、umber of people are smoking, a non-smoker will breathe in the 【14】of two or three cigarettes during an evening. 【15】, non-smokers are now majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving up the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by 【16】advertising or just aware that smo
5、king is no longer really a polite thing to do.Faced with lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look outside their own countries. They have begun advertising 【17】to persuade young people in developing countries that smoking American or British or French cigarette is a sophisticated
6、 western habit, which they should copy. As a result, more and more young people are spending 【18】 money they have on a product which the west recognizes 【19】unhealthy and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India, in South America and in South East Asia will become some of tomorrows
7、 【20】.（A）that（B） when（C） where（D）since（A）In the place of（B） In place of（C） Besides（D）Except（A）promote（B） develop（C） sponsor（D）help（A）other（B） another（C） others（D）some（A）on（B） in（C） with（D）under（A）suggested（B） claimed（C） mentioned（D）declared（A）causing（B） making（C） giving（D）setting（A）that（B） which（C）
8、as（D）what（A）with（B） of（C） for（D）to（A）believed（B） thought（C） considered（D）regarded（A）damaging（B） spoiling（C） decaying（D）destroying（A）in spite of（B） rather than（C） because of（D）without（A）reported（B） calculated（C） said（D）believed（A）same（B） comparable（C） equal（D）equivalent（A）However（B） Actually（C） Then（
9、D）So（A）non-smoking（B） no-smoking（C） anti-smoking（D）against smoking（A）struggles（B） fights（C） campaigns（D）battles（A）the little（B） a little（C） little（D）some little（A）by（B） for（C） as（D）with（A）difficulties（B） phenomena（C） problems（D）situationsGrammar21 Peter found a place in the cellar_ he used as his fi
10、rst laboratory.（A）which（B） where（C） such（D）the same22 Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff_ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.（A）whose（B） as（C） what（D）that23 _ of the Pennsylvania Gazette, Benjamin Franklin tried hard to make the periodical popular.（A
11、）As owner and editor（B） While was owner and editor（C） Having being owner and editor（D）To be owner and editor24 He had a bad cold. _ is why he didnt come.（A）It（B） This（C） That（D）What25 _ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.（A）At（B） In（C） For（D）On26 My train arrives in New York at eig
12、ht oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _by then.（A）would leave（B） will have left（C） has left（D）had left27 Many a writer of newspaper articles_to writing novels.（A）has turned（B） have turned（C） have been turned（D）has been turned28 You see the lightening_it happens, but you hear t
13、he thunder later.（A）the instant（B） for an instant（C） on the instant（D）in an instant29 The police investigated the_about the bank robbery.（A）stander-by（B） stander-bys（C） standers-by（D）standers-bys30 Would you like to come to my birthday party tomorrow? Im_glad to come.（A）only（B） too（C） only too（D）too
14、 onlyPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 Something extraordinary is happening in London this week: in Lambeth, one of the citys poorest boroughs(区), 180 children are starting their secondary education in a bran
15、d new school. The state- funded school was set up by parents who were fed up with the quality of local education. In countries with more enlightened education systems, this would be unremarkable. In Britain, it is an amazing achievement by a bunch of desperate and determined people after years of st
16、ruggle.Britains schools are in a mess. Average standards are not improving despite billions in extra spending, and a stubbornly long tail of underachievers straggles(拖后腿) behind. A couple of years ago, a consensus emerged among reformers that councils had too much control and parents too little.One
17、might have expected more from the Conservatives, who stood for election on a pledge to bring in school vouchers. Yet the Tory policy group charged with thinking deep thoughts about public services paid only lip service to parent power in its report. Where schools are failing, it said, parents or cha
18、rities should get taxpayers money to open new ones. But only 2.9% are actually failing, on official definitions. And another proposal, that children in failing schools get extra funding if they go elsewhere, was so lacking in detail as to be meaningless.Worry about underperforming schools is hardly
19、confined to Britain: in America, in Italy, in Germany, even in once-proud France education is a hot-button topic. Yet a number of countries seem to have cracked it. Although specific problems differ in different societies, parental choice is at the heart of most successful solutions. What are the le
20、ssons?The first is that if a critical mass of parents wants a new school and there is a willing provider, local government should be required to finance it as generously as it does existing state schools. The second is that if a charity wants to open a school in the hope that children will come, the
21、n taxpayers money should follow any that do. Third, rules about what, where and how schools teach should be relaxed to avoid stifling innovation and discouraging newcomers with big ideas. In any event, public-examination results would give parents the information they needed to enforce high standard
22、s.These proposals may seem radical, yet parents in the Netherlands have had the right to demand new schools since 1917, and those in Sweden have been free since 1992 to take their government money to any school that satisfies basic government rules. In the Netherlands 70% of children are educated in
23、 private schools at the taxpayers expense; in Sweden 10% already are. In both countries state spending on education is lower per head than in Britain, and results are better. It doesnt take a genius IQjust a little political courageto draw the correct conclusion.31 According to the text, which of th
24、e following is true about the new school?（A）The new school in Lambeth is financed by parents not satisfied with the local education.（B） Reformers recently agreed that parents had less control over British schools than the councils.（C） The establishment of this school is more remarkable in Britain th
25、an in some other countries.（D）British schools have managed to use a large sum to ameliorate the level of education.32 According to Paragraph 3, the Conservatives response to the poor British education is that _.（A）they have fulfilled their promises by giving money to parents when schools fail.（B） th
26、ey have given official definitions of the failing schools on a loose basis.（C） they elaborate the proposal that children in failing schools get extra funding if they transfer.（D）they show real concerns over public education problems during their election.33 From other countries successful experience
27、, Britain can learn that _.（A）tax payers money should be divided equally between parents and state schools.（B） there should not be a tight control over the specific ways of teaching.（C） the public money should go to any charity who would like to attract students.（D）public surveillance should inform
28、parents in order to maintain high standards.34 We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（A）the proposals mentioned in the above paragraph are really radical.（B） the education model the Netherlands and Sweden adopt are effective.（C） the solutions of education problems involve a technique innovatio
29、n.（D）more Swedish children are educated in private schools than children in the Netherlands.35 What is the authors attitude towards the establishment of the school in Lambeth?（A）Neutral.（B） Approval.（C） Disapproval.（D）Critical.35 The film-awards season, which reaches its tearful climax with the Osca
30、rs in February 2013, has long been only loosely related to the film business. Hollywood is dedicated to the art of keeping teenagers past popcorn stands, not art itself. But this years awards are less relevant than ever. Nowadays, the true worth of a film is no longer decided by the crowd that assem
31、bles in the Kodak Theatreor, indeed, by any American. It is decided by youngsters in countries such as Russia, China and Brazil.Russia, with its shrinking teenage population, is an unlikely spot for a box-office boom. Yet cinema-building is proceeding fast, and supply has created demand. Last year 1
32、60m cinema tickets were sold in Russiathe first time in recent years that sales have exceeded the countrys pollution. Tickets prices have risen, in part because the new cinemas are superior, with digital projectors that can show 3D films. The big Hollywood studios are muscling domestic film-makers a
33、side. In 2007 American films made almost twice as much as the Russian box office as domestic films8. 3 billion roubles;($325m)compared with 4. 5 billion roubles. Last year the imported stuff made some 16. 4 billion roubles; more than five times as much as the home-grown product, estimates Movie Rese
34、arch, a Moscow outfit. Earlier this month Vladimir Putin, Russias Prime Minister, said the government would spend less money supporting Russian film-makers and more on expanding the number of screens.Growth is much quicker in China, where box-office receipts reached $1.5 billion last year. Chinas re
35、gulator has claimed that cinema screens are going up at a rate of three per day; some are IMAX screens that command higher ticket prices. The government allows only 20 non-Chinese films into the market each year, virtually guaranteeing big audiences for those that make the cut.Besides, growing fears
36、 of piracy have led studios to release films almost simultaneously in many countries; increasingly, the premiere takes place outside America. That changes the marketing game, says Michael Lynton, head of Sony Pictures. Studios used to rely on rumors of American success seeping out of the country, pr
37、iming audiences elsewhere to see a film. Now they must conduct coordinated global campaigns. Stars are gathered for two-week-long marketing blitzes(闪电战)that may take them to ten countries “like a political campaign“ , says Mr. Lynton.The growing internationalization of the film business suits the bi
38、ggest outfits. The major studios power lies not so much in their ability to make good filmsplenty of smaller operations can do thatbut in the ability to squeeze every possible drop of revenue from a film. With their superior global marketing machine and their ability to anticipate foreign tastes, th
39、ey are increasingly dominating the market.36 According to Para. 1 , the real value of a movie is currently determined by_.（A）the art of film making（B） its popularity among American audience（C） the size of film production team（D）the young audience in emerging countries37 According to Para. 2, “supply
40、 has created demand“ indicates that in Russia_.（A）the expansion of cinemas has helped to increase the movie attendances（B） the production of domestic films has attracted more movie goers（C） the growing population of youngsters has led to the box-office boom（D）government investment in movie industry
41、has lowered the ticket prices38 The word “premiere“(Line 2, Para. 4)most probably means_.（A）studios top executives（B） the initial film editing（C） leading characters（D）the first public show39 According to Michael Lynton, global film marketing aims to_.（A）stop the spreading of rumors about a film（B） b
42、etter organize the stars working schedule（C） protect the film from being illegally copied（D）make political impact on the targeted countries 40 What does this passage mainly talk about?（A）The growth of international box-office for American films.（B） The globalization of American film industry.（C） The
43、 new pattern for distribution of American films.（D）The change of marketing strategies of American films.40 Hows this for unintended consequences? Some of the biggest beneficiaries(受惠者)of the womens movement have been married men. According to a new study by the Pew Research Center, married men have
44、a 60% higher average household income than they did in 1970, even adjusted for inflation. Unmarried men, on the other hand, only got a 16% bump.One reason for the rise is that more men are marrying women who make more money than they do, mainly because there are more high-income women to go around.
45、In 1970, just 4% of men at the age of 30 to 44 had wives who brought in more money than they did. By 2007, more than a fifth of men in that age range had wives who out-earned them. Members of this thriving demographic(人口统计学的)are effectively doubling their income or more when they wed, without doubli
46、ng their costs.Aside from the increase in white-collar women, the other trend summed up by the Pew Research Center is that marriage rates have declined most sharply among the least educated men and women, which helps explain why the average household income figures for married men have pulled even f
47、urther ahead of those for their single counterparts. More of the least rich are unmarried than before.The study, which drew on household income data from the Decennial Census and the 2007 American Community Survey, showed that the biggest gainers were married college-educated men. The biggest losers
48、 were unmarried men who did not complete high school or who only had a high school diploma. After adjusting for inflation, the 2007 unmarried low-income men and women had lower household incomes than their 1970 counterparts. “The steeper decline in marriage among the less educated has contributed to
49、 a steeper decline in their income,“ says one of the studys authors, DVera Cohn.The trend has a dark side, says Dalton Conley, social sciences dean at New York University. “High-income women marrying high-income men is one of the drivers of inequality,“ he says. “It affects the distribution of income between families. “ He notes that among college-educated high-income couples, the divorce rate is getting lower, while unmarried low-income men and women tend to partner
