1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 134 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 What impact can mobile phones have on their users health? Many people worry about the supposed ill effects caused by radiation fro
2、m handsets and base stations, (1)_ the lack of credible evidence of any harm. But evidence for the beneficial effects of mobile phones on health is rather more (2)_ Indeed, a systematic review (3)_ out by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, rounds up 150 (4)_ of the use of text-messag
3、ing in the (5)_ of health care. These uses (6)_ three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by (7)_ text-messaging into treatment regimes.Using texting to (8)_ efficiency is not profound science, but big savings can be achieved. Several (9)_ carried out i
4、n England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders (10)_ the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39%, and the number of missed hospital appointments by 33-50%. If such schemes were (11)_ nationally, this would translate (12)_ annual savings of 256-364 million.Text mess
5、ages can also be a good way to deliver public-health information, particularly to groups (13)_ are hard to reach by other means. Text messages have been used in India to (14)_ people about the World Health Organizations strategy to control lung disease. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a
6、(15)_ to immunize nearly 5 million children (16)_ paralysis.(17)_, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending reminders to patients to (18)_ their medicine, or to encourage accordance with exercise regimes. However, Dr. Rifat notes that the evidence for
7、 the effectiveness of such schemes is generally (19)_, and more quantitative research is (20)_.（A）so（B） even（C） despite（D）and（A）interesting（B） abundant（C） clear（D）reasonable（A）went（B） came（C） carried（D）turned（A）approaches（B） situations（C） problems（D）examples（A）reality（B） reorganization（C） delivery（D
8、）discovery（A）fall into（B） sum up（C） associate with（D）subject to（A）incorporated（B） incorporating（C） incorporate（D）incorporation（A）rise（B） boost（C） produce（D）encourage（A）questions（B） incidents（C） cases（D）trials（A）reduces（B） degrades（C） deserves（D）drops（A）called upon（B） switched to（C） rolled out（D）went
9、 through（A）into（B） for（C） on（D）from（A）what（B） whose（C） which（D）who（A）ask（B） inform（C） adopt（D）contact（A）campaign（B） event（C） decision（D）communication（A）off（B） with（C） against（D）in（A）Finally（B） However（C） Usually（D）Obviously（A）buy（B） receive（C） get（D）take（A）unscientific（B） real（C） anecdotal（D）legal（A
10、）gained（B） acquired（C） needed（D）givenGrammar21 Living in the central Australian desert has its problems,_obtaining water is not the least.（A）as（B） whose（C） for which（D）of which22 In the southwestern part of the United States_built in the last century.（A）there are many abandoned mining towns（B） are m
11、any abandoned mining towns（C） where there are many abandoned mining towns（D）where are many abandoned mining towns23 If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.（A）would be（B） will have been（C） was（D）were24 The results obtained agreed approximately
12、 with_expected.（A）that（B） one（C） those（D）ones25 _ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.（A）To give（B） Given（C） Giving（D）Having given26 As a public relations officer, he is said_ some very influential people.（A）to know（B）
13、to be knowing（C） to have been knowing（D）to have known27 “He gave me_ $ 100!“ he said with satisfaction.（A）no less than（B） no more than（C） something like（D）only28 The party, _I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.（A）by which（B） for which（C） to which（D）at which29 In general, the amount th
14、at a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _for living expenses.（A）acceptable（B） available（C） advisable（D）applicable30 Nine is to three_three is to one.（A）when（B） that（C） which（D）whatPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b
15、y choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 Shoppers who have flocked to online stores for their holiday shopping are losing privacy with every mouse click, according to a new report. The study by the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center scrutinized privacy policies on 100 of the most p
16、opular online shopping sites and compared those policies with a set of basic privacy principles that have come to be known as “fair information practices“.The group found that none of the 100 Websites met all of the basic criteria for privacy protection, which include giving notice of what informati
17、on is collected and how it is used, offering consumers a choice over whether the information will be used in certain ways, allowing access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected, and instituting the kind of security measures that ensure that information won
18、t fall into the wrong hands.“This study shows that somebody else, other than Santa, is reading your Christmas list,“ said Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Media Education, which also worked on the survey.The online privacy of children is protected by Federal Trade Commission rules,
19、 but adults do not share the same degree of privacy protection. The movement, like the online shopping industry, favors self-regulation over imposition of further movement restrictions on electronic commerce. Marc Rosenberg, executive director of the privacy group, said the study shows that self-reg
20、ulations have failed, “We need legislation to enforce fair information pretences,“ he said. “Consumers are at greater risk than they were in 1997,“ when the group released its first report.The survey also asked whether the 100 Websites used “profile-based“ advertising, and whether the Websites incor
21、porate “cookies“ technology, which gives Websites basic information on visitors. Profiling is the practice of gathering in then used to create targeted advertising on Websites. All but 18 of the top shopping sites did display a privacy policy, a major improvement over the early days of electronic co
22、mmerce, when such policies were scarce.But that did not satisfy the privacy group. “Companies are posting privacy policies, but these policies are not the same thing as fair information practices,“ Rosenberg said.The sites also did not perform well by other measures, the group said it found that 35
23、of the sites feature profile-based advertising, and 87 percent use cookies. The group concluded that the phonies that were posted “are typically confusing, incomplete, and inconsistent“. The report, “Surfer Beware HI: Privacy Policies without Privacy Protection“, is the third such survey by the grou
24、p, it called for further development of technologies that help consumers protect their privacy and even anonymity(匿名)when exploring the Internet.A. the online shopping industry should regulated themselvesB. offer Websites basic information of those who visit the sitesC. new technology should be deve
25、loped to protect privacy of visitors on the sitesD. electronic commerce must be highly restricted by governmentE. their online privacy are protected by Federal Trade Commission rulesF. privacy policies on 100 of the most popular online shopping sitesG. allow consumers to access to data and correct t
26、he information collected31 The study by the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center mainly investigate_.32 If children explore the Internet,33 Government believes in that34 “Cookies“ technology incorporated by the sites in the survey could35 The report “Surfer Beware III“ insisted tha
27、t_.36 Britains bosses would have you believe that business in Britain is groaning under red tape and punitive tax levels, inhibiting enterprise and putting British firms at a disadvantage compared with overseas competitors.As usual, reality paints a far different picture from the tawdry image scrawl
28、ed by the CBI and Tory frontbenchers. Not only do British businesses pay lower levels of corporation tax than their counterparts abroad but they benefit from the most savage legal hamstringing of trade unionism.But boardroom fat cats in Britain have one further advantage over their competitors, whic
29、h is their total inability to feel any sense of shame.The relatively poor performance since the 1990s of pension investment funds, overseen by the top companies themselves, has brought about a wide-ranging cull of occupational pension schemes. Final salary schemes have been axed in favour of money p
30、urchase or have been barred to new employees and, in many companies, staff have been told that they will have to increase pensions fund payments to ensure previously guaranteed benefits.At a time when the government has been deliberately running down the value of the state retirement pension and dri
31、ving pensioners towards means-tested benefits, the increasingly shaky nature of occupational schemes has brought about higher levels of insecurity among working people.However, its not all doom and gloom. There is a silver lining.Unfortunately, that silver lining, doesnt shine too brightly outside t
32、he corridors of corporate power, where directors are doing what they are best atlooking after number one. Bosses are not only slurping up huge salaries, each-way bonuses and golden parachutes. They have also, as TUC general secretary Brendan Barber says, got “their snouts in a pensions trough.“If ha
33、ving contributions worth one-thirtieth of their salary each year paid into a pension scheme is good enough for directors, why do most workers only receive one-sixtieth? And if companies only donate 6 percent of an employees salary for money purchase schemes, why do they give 20430 percent for direct
34、ors schemes?The answer, which will be no secret to many trade unionists, is that we live in a class- divided society in which big business and the rich call the shots.The Child Poverty Action Group revelation that Britain also has the worst regional social inequality in the industrialised worldsecon
35、d only to Mexicoillustrates how fatuous are claims that this country enjoys social justice and opportunities for all. The stark facts of inequality, based on class, gender, age and race, that are outlined in the CPAG Poverty book ought to dictate a new government approach to tackling poverty.Inequal
36、ity and poverty cannot be tackled by allowing big business and the rich to dodge their responsibilities to society and to use their positions of power to seize the lions share.36 According to the author, British businesses _.（A）suffer h lot from high levels of corporation tax（B） are experiencing an
37、unfair competition（C） complain about the CBI and Tory leaders（D）enjoy more advantages than foreign businesses37 British bosses shamelessness is revealed in all the following facts Except_.（A）inefficiency of pension investment funds（B） removal of final salary schemes（C） denial of salary schemes to ne
38、w employees（D）demand for employees to pay more into pensions fund38 What does the author imply by “There is a silver lining.“(Para. 6)?（A）A gloomy future is awaiting the working people.（B） Employees concern over the schemes is unwarranted.（C） There is also something positive for the employees.（D）Dir
39、ectors dont care sufficiently for the employees benefits.39 The trade unionists seem to be on the side of _.（A）the bosses（B） the government（C） the CPAG（D）the employees40 The author seems to imply that _.（A）Britain is a class-divided society where the powerful dominates（B） the government adopted an i
40、nappropriate way to tackle poverty（C） social inequality is the main feature of the industrialized world（D）British big businesses should shoulder the task of removing poverty40 All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regul
41、arly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmovingif it looks as though it is sleepingthen why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or
42、 lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a c
43、at dozing with an eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Animals do not necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while “sleeping
44、“ animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in “sleep
45、 laboratories“ using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEC). The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the E
46、EC, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some a
47、nimals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (who live underground), are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals
48、hunted by other animals: they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting.41 According to the author, all animals_.（A）spend some time resting（B） close their eyes when sleeping（C） are good sleepers（D）are poor sleepers 42 The statement, “Horses and cows, for example, rarely close t
49、heir eyes“ aims to show that_.（A）these animals rarely need any rest（B） they almost always keep alert to danger（C） they often stay awake（D）their eyes are rarely closed even when they are asleep 43 How can researchers in “sleep laboratories“ tell that the animals they are observing are asleep or not?（A）They see if the animals respond to light and sound.（B） They do this by observing changes in the anim
