1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 135 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 German Chancellor Angela Merkel won over German voters in the Federal Election on Sept. 27. Can she now be won over by a French ch
2、arm offensive【1】at repairing the relationship that was once at the heart of Europe? Thats the question being asked in Paris,【2】top government officials are【3】talking about their desire to rekindle closer ties【4】their neighbors across the Rhine.【5】the end of World War II the Franco-German relationshi
3、p has been the motor of European integration, the【6】force behind the creation of the European Union and, more recently, the introduction of the euro. But the ardor has【7】in this decade, particularly under Merkel, who has regularly struggled to【8】her irritation with French President Nicolas Sarkozys
4、grandstanding. Sarkozy,【9】, has often been impatient with what he【10】Merkels lack of resolve. The sometimes【11】personal rapport is a long way from the public shows of affection their predecessors staged, particularly Helmut Kohl and FranCois Mitterrand, who movingly held【12】in 1984 in a Verdun cemet
5、ery. Theres been tension on【13】, too. Charles Grant, director of the London-based think tank Centre for European Reform, points out that France and Germany have been【14】 on issues from how best to reflate their economies during the economic【15】to the smartest strategies for dealing with Russia. But
6、influential movers in France are now【16】to put the relationship back on a friendlier footing. In a recent paper French think tank Institute Montaigne【17】an ambitious agenda for the two nations,【18】that a new impetus is needed if Europes voice is to be heard in a world【19】of big new players, such as
7、Brazil and India, and at a time when President Obama seems fax more【20】with China and the rest of Asia than with Americas traditional allies in Europe.（A）conducted（B） struck（C） intended（D）aimed （A）which（B） that（C） where（D）when （A）confidentially（B） openly（C） zealously（D）conservatively （A）towards（B） w
8、ith（C） against（D）off （A）Since（B） Before（C） At（D）For （A）armed（B） interruptive（C） influential（D）driving （A）deteriorated（B） aggravated（C） moderated（D）cooled （A）recover（B） discover（C） conceal（D）reveal （A）on the whole（B） in turn（C） on the other hand（D）on the contrary （A）constructs（B） convinces（C） conceal
9、s（D）considers （A）sound（B） harmonious（C） tense（D）hostile （A）conferences（B） hands（C） opportunities（D）prejudices （A）principle（B） business（C） cooperation（D）policy （A）at the cost（B） at peace（C） at odds（D）at a loss （A）danger（B） war（C） crisis（D）time （A）eager（B） delighted（C） worried（D）reluctant （A）turned ou
10、t（B） laid out（C） made out（D）gave out （A）agreeing（B） criticizing（C） arguing（D）opposing （A）filled（B） lack（C） void（D）full （A）stimulated（B） preoccupied（C） concentrated（D）accustomed Grammar21 Not until the game had begun_at the sports ground.（A）should he have arrived（B） had he arrived（C） did he arrive（D）
11、would he had arrived22 The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _all practical value by the time they were finished.（A）had lost（B） would lost（C） would have lost（D）should have lost23 The famous scientist was easy_along with.（A）to be got（B） to get（C） getting（D）got24 _the worl
12、d began, nations have had difficulty in keeping peace with their neighbours.（A）Although（B） When（C） Until（D）Even since25 Bill dare tiy,_he?（A）doesnt（B） does（C） darent（D）dares26 _for your advice, I would have been taken in.（A）Had it not（B） Had it not been（C） If it had not（D）Werent it27 “Im not going t
13、o buy the book. “ “_. Its too expensive. “（A）I dont either（B） Neither am I（C） So am I（D）Im not, too28 If you should meet Mr. White or Mrs. Black, tell_about the meeting.（A）him（B） her（C） them（D）themselves29 Tom is the only one of the students in his class who_studied in China.（A）have（B） had（C） hadnt（
14、D）has30 He did not deny, _admit, having made any statement to that effect.（A）nor did he（B） so did he（C） either did he（D）also did hePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 Wherever people have been, they have left w
15、aste behind, which can cause all sorts of problems. Waste often stinks, attracts vermin and creates eyesores. More seriously, it can release harmful chemicals into the soil and water when dumped, or into the air when burned. And then there are some really nasty forms of industrial waste, such as spe
16、nt nuclear fuel, for which no universally accepted disposal methods have thus far been developed.Yet many also see waste as an opportunity. Getting rid of it all has become a huge global business. Rich countries spend some $120 billion a year disposing of their municipal waste alone and another $150
17、 billion on industrial waste. The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. So waste firms see a rich future in places such as China, India and Brazil, which at present spend only about $5 billion a year collect
18、ing and treating their municipal waste.Waste also presents an opportunity in a grander sense: as a potential resource. Much of it is already burned to generate energy. Clever new technologies to turn it into fertiliser or chemicals or fuel are being developed all the time. Visionaries see a world wi
19、thout waste, with rubbish being routinely recycled.Until last summer such views were spreading quickly. But since then plummeting prices for virgin paper, plastic and fuels, and hence also for the waste that substitutes for them, have put an end to such visions. Many of the recycling firms that had
20、argued rubbish was on the way out now say that unless they are given financial help, they themselves will disappear.Subsidies are a bad idea. Governments have a role to play in the business of waste management, but it is a regulatory and supervisory one. They should oblige people who create waste to
21、 clean up after themselves and ideally ensure that the price of any product reflects the cost of disposing of it safely. That would help to signal which items are hardest to get rid of, giving consumers an incentive to buy goods that create less waste in the first place.That may sound simple enough,
22、 but governments seldom get the rules right. In poorer countries they often have no rules at all, or if they have them they fail to enforce them. In rich countries they are often inconsistent: too strict about some sorts of waste and worryingly lax about others. They are also prone to imposing arbit
23、rary targets and taxes. California, for example, wants to recycle all its trash not because it necessarily makes environmental or economic sense but because the goal of “zero waste” sounds politically attractive.31 Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?（A）Waste is everywhere.（B） Waste is very h
24、armful.（C） Waste should be treated universally.（D）Waste can be an opportunity. 32 Waste firms expect a great development in China, India and Brazil because（A）those economies have a large amount of waste to be treated.（B） those economies develop fast but spend little on waste business.（C） those econo
25、mies welcome waste firms to run business there.（D）those economies pay more attention to environmental protection. 33 Many recycling firms are disappointed now for the reason that（A）clever new technologies are updating too quickly to bring any profit.（B） they will have no resources to use in a world
26、without waste in the future.（C） low prices for recycling products leave little margin to make money.（D）governments are reluctant to give financial help to survive the crisis. 34 According to the authors ideal, products with high prices（A）would be hard to be disposed of.（B） should be really valuable.
27、（C） would create less waste.（D）should be in strict regulation. 35 Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?（A）Rich countries might help poor countries to treat the waste.（B） Californias “zero waste” program makes no environmental sense.（C） More taxes are needed to collect and t
28、reat the waste efficiently.（D）Governments policies on waste industry are largely incoherent. 36 Some things are doomed to remain imperfect, the United Nations among them. De spite noble aspirations, the organization that more than any other embodies the collective will and wisdom of an imperfect wor
29、ld was created, in the words of one former secretary general, not to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell. Is it failing in that task?Alarmed at the bitter dispute over the war in Iraq, and at growing threatsfrom the devastation of AIDS and the danger of failing states to the prospect o
30、f terrorists armed with weapons of mass destructionthat the UNs founding powers hadnt even had night mares about, last year Kofi Annan, the current secretary-general, asked a group of eminent folk to put on their thinking caps. Their report on how the UN might in future better contribute to internat
31、ional peace and securitymobilising its own and the worlds re sources to prevent crises where possible and to deal with them more resolutely and effectively where necessaryis due for delivery in two weeks time. Yet the thoughtful debate such proposals deserve risks getting lost in the poisonous war o
32、f words between UN-baiters and UN-boosters, and in the fisticuffs over what governments seem to care about most: who will get any extra seats that may be up for grabs on the Security Council.The might-is-always-righter brigade, who brush aside the UN as irrelevant in todays world, are small in numbe
33、r but can seem troublingly influential. They are also dangerously shortsighted. Like other big powers, and plenty of smaller ones, America fosters the UN when it needs it, and sometimes circumvents it when it doesnt. But wiser heads recognize that being the worlds most powerful country and top gun h
34、as its problems. With global interests and global reach, America is most often called on to right the worlds wrongs. It should have been interest in a rules-based system which keeps that burden to a minimum and finds ways for others, including the UN, to share it. What is more, as China, India, Japa
35、n and others put on economic and military muscle, having agreed rules for all to play by as much as possible makes strategic sense too.Yet the not-without-UN-approval school can be equally off the mark. For the system of international rules, treaties and laws is still a hodge-podge. Some, like the U
36、N charter itself, are deemed universal, though they may at time be hotly disputed and sometimes ignored. Others, such as the prohibitions against proliferation of nuclear, chemical or bio logical weapons, are accepted by many, but not all. Some disputes can be settled in courtboundary disputes by th
37、e International Court of Justice, for example, accusations of war crimes or genocide by the International Criminal Courtbut only where governments give the nod. For the rest, the UN Security Council is where most serious disputes end up.And there trouble can start. The council is not the moral consc
38、ience of the world. It is a collection of states pursuing divergent interests, albeitone hopeswith a sense of responsibility. Where it can agree, consensus lends legitimacy to action. But should action always stop where consensus ends?There was nothing high-minded about Russias refusal to countenanc
39、e intervention in Kosovo in 1999 to end the Serb armys ethnic cleansing there; it was simply protecting a friend. Might, concluded NATO governments in acting without council approval, is not always wrong. Over Iraq, it is debatable what did more damage: Americas failure to win support from the counc
40、il before going to war anyway, or the hypocrisy that had allowed Iraq to flout all previous council resolutions with impunity.36 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that（A）UN is in an unprepared predicament.（B） noble aspirations take humanity to heaven.（C） UN is in an unprecedented dilemma.
41、（D）former secretary-general saves human from hell.37 The phrase “put on their thinking caps“ (Line 5, Paragraph 2) most probably means（A）try to solve problems.（B） risk their proposals.（C） strive to delay the events.（D）deserve economic and military muscle.38 It can be inferred from the last paragraph
42、 that（A）dishonesty is generally followed by impunity.（B） NATOs assertion can hold water in terms of Kosovo.（C） America tailed to win approval from UN due lo Russias decline.（D）NATOs conclusion contradicts UN basic principles.39 The term “fisticuffs“ (Paragraph 2) probably means（A）anticipation（B） fig
43、hting（C） reputation（D）irony40 A former head of UN is quoted in（A）foretelling the fragility of an imperfect world.（B） restraining the noble aspirations of heaven.（C） depicting the aim of establishing UN.（D）pursuing the collective will and wisdom of humanity.41 No one really likes help. It is a great
44、deal more satisfactory to be given the opportunity to earn ones daily bread; and if, by doing so, one can create a continuing means of livelihood, more jobs, and better living conditions for ones community, that is more satisfactory still. It is on this premise that the World Food Program bases most
45、 of its operations.But how can a man born of unemployed, undernourished parents, in, the depths of poverty that spreads the solidarity towns near Latin American cities, or displaced peoples camps in Africa and Asia, begin to make some improvement? Someone must help someone who under stands that both
46、 food and employment are fundamental to his need.Most thinking people must have remarked at some time or other that it doesnt make sense for half the population of the world to be in need of better food while governments and farmers elsewhere are worried by surpluses. For a number of years, until re
47、cently, North America and Australia had too much wheat. Japan had too much rice. Similarly, the EEC rapidly built a butter “mountain“; in its short history.It was an awareness of the cruel paradox of a world with surpluses and starvation that prompted the setting up of the World Food Pro grain by th
48、e United Nations and also by the Food and Agricultural Organization. Its organizers realized that it could be useful both to developed and developing countries. It could remove surpluses in such a way that did not upset normal trading or threaten, the livelihood of farmers in contributor countries,
49、and then use these foods to feed people and aid development in poor-privileged areas.So how does the World Food Program (WFP) work and what has it achieved?Logically, the story starts with a pledging session. The contributor countries, of which there have been a hundred and four over the years, pledge themselves to give a certain value during the succeeding two years. Most of these pledges are honored by gifts of food, but court tries which do not produce food surplus to their own needs pled
