1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 137 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 In recent years, weve read a lot of articles about how we need better teachers in our public schools and, if the teachers unions w
2、ent away, our kids【C1】_score like Singapores on the big international tests. Theres no question that a great teacher can make a huge difference in a students achievement, and we need to recruit, train and reward more such teachers.【C2】_heres what some new studies are also showing: We need better par
3、ents. Parents more【C3】_on their childrens education can also make a huge difference in a students achievement.How do we know? Every three years, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or O. E. C. D. , conducts exams as part of the Program for International Student Assessment, or
4、PISA, which tests 15-year-olds in the worlds leading industrialized nations on their reading【C4】_and ability to use what theyve learned in math and science to solve real problems. Americas 15-year-olds have not been【C5】_themselves in the PISA exams compared with students in Singapore, Finland and Sh
5、anghai.To better understand why some students【C6】_in the PISA tests while others do not, Andreas Schleicher, who【C7】_the exams for the O. E. C. D. , was encouraged by the O. E. C. D. countries to look【C8】_the classrooms. So starting in 2006, the PISA team went to the parents of 5,000 students and in
6、terviewed them “about how they raised their kids and then compared that with the test results“. Two weeks ago, the PISA team published the main findings of its study:Fifteen-year-old students whose parents read books【C9】_with them during their first year of primary school show markedly higher scores
7、 in PISA than students whose parents read with them infrequently or not at all.Schleicher explained that “just asking your child how was their school day and showing【C10 】_interest in their learning can have the same impact as hours of private tutoring. It is something every parent can do,【 C11】_the
8、ir education level or social background. “These PISA findings were【C12】_in a recent study by the National School Boards Associations Center for Public Education. “Monitoring homework; making sure children get to school; rewarding their efforts and【C13 】_the idea of going to college. These parent act
9、ions are【C14】_to better attendance, grades, test scores, and preparation for college. “ “ The study found that getting parents【C15】_with their childrens learning at home is a more powerful【C16】_for achievement than parents attending school board meetings,【C17】_in classrooms, participating in fund【 C
10、18】_, and showing up at back-to-school nights. “To be sure, there is no【C19】_for a good teacher. There is nothing more valuable than great classroom instruction. But lets stop putting the whole burden【C20】_teachers. We also need better parents. Better parents can make every teacher more effective.1
11、【C1 】（A）will（B） would（C） should（D）would have2 【C2 】（A）But（B） Although（C） And（D）Even if3 【C3 】（A）relied（B） involved（C） concerned（D）focused4 【C4 】（A）composition（B） compression（C） comprehension（D）complication5 【C5 】（A）elevating（B） outstanding（C） distinguishing（D）excelling6 【C6 】（A）pass（B） benefit（C） th
12、rive（D）arise7 【C7 】（A）overlooks（B） oversees（C） overtakes（D）overcharges8 【C8 】（A）across（B） into（C） over（D）beyond9 【C9 】（A）regularly（B） occasionally（C） voluntarily（D）temporarily10 【C10 】（A）pretended（B） parental（C） genuine（D）detached11 【C11 】（A）according to（B） respective of（C） depending on（D）regardless
13、 of12 【C12 】（A）rejected（B） echoed（C） repeated（D）quoted13 【C13 】（A）talking up（B） talking back（C） talking into（D）talking with14 【C14 】（A）led（B） linked（C） directed（D）chained15 【C15 】（A）initiated（B） involved（C） impressed（D）interfered16 【C16 】（A）stimulus（B） motion（C） drive（D）force17 【C17 】（A）volunteering
14、（B） venturing（C） monitoring（D）leading18 【C18 】（A）rising（B） raising（C） collecting（D）selecting19 【C19 】（A）subordinate（B） replace（C） constitute（D）substitute20 【C20 】（A）for（B） on（C） in（D）aboveGrammar21 He must have had an accident, or he_then.（A）would have been here（B） had to be here（C） should be here（D
15、）would be here22 The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied_in the area on the night of the fire.（A）be（B） to be（C） having been（D）to have been23 _ we shall go out for a picnic on Monday.（A）Weather permits（B） Weather permitted（C） Weather permitting（D）With weather to permit24
16、Barry had an advantage over his mother _ he could speak French.（A）since that（B） in that（C） at that（D）so that25 She_fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.（A）had been（B） must be（C） has been（D）must have been26 Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert_it means standing in a queue all n
17、ight.（A）as if（B） even if（C） provided（D）whatever27 I like watching TV_ to the cinema.（A）more than to go（B） than going（C） rather than to go（D）more than going28 There was such a long line at the exhibition_ we had to wait for about half an hour.（A）as（B） that（C） so（D）hence29 So little_about mathematics
18、that the lecture was completely beyond me.（A）I knew（B） did I know（C） I know（D）do I know30 The committee has anticipated the problems that_in the road construction project.（A）arise（B） will arise（C） arose（D）have arisenPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each tex
19、t by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 Freedom is one of the most difficult things to define, yet wars are fought to secure it. Pres. George W. Bush wants freedom for the entire world, but the question remains whether some might not want it and, if they do, cannot handle it. Many desire to be “fr
20、ee of their freedom“, for the latter requires assuming responsibility for ones actions. It is easier to have others choose for us.Freedom has many meanings arid applications. There is political freedom, involving the ability to choose ones own form of government, hold elections, etc. Professors are
21、concerned with academic freedom, namely to teach and publish in accord with their scholarly findings. These, though, are secondary meanings and presumably are grounded in something fundamental to the nature of humans. This is called moral freedombut theres the rub of it. Is such freedom an illusion?
22、 One cannot ignore Sigmund Freuds massive unconscious as a factor in why we act the way we do. Moreover, psychological literature suggests“ obsessive-compulsive“ acts as more commonplace than we realize. Alcoholics and drug addicts are told they cannot help themselves; instead, they need others to h
23、elp them break their habit. Lets face it, we seem to be evolving into a “no fault“ society in which freedom is an empty term.It certainly is easy to rationalize that this or that action really was not free, as one can say we are the product of our genes, passions, and culture. But Jean-Paul Sartre d
24、isagreed that freedom is an illusion, claiming instead that it is the very essence of man. Freedom is a humans distinguishing mark. Essentially, a human is nothing, and therein lies his freedom.Although freedom may not be an illusion, in many cases it is illusory. Is it true to say piously (虔诚地) tha
25、t the cure for any ills in democracy is more democracy, i.e. freedom? The Patriot Act certainly raises many hackles as an infringement(侵犯) on freedom; trading civil liberties for securitypart of a seemingly continuing trend in society. How strong is the argument that if we are not free, then laws an
26、d prohibitions make no sense? Does knowledge, a seemingly necessary component involved in free acts, restrict or enlarge our freedom? The Socratic position is that, if one really knew what was right, one would do what was right.Moslems maintain that it is the “will of Allah“ that governs all things
27、and we only can hope to conform to it. This is not entirely foreign to Christian theology. The problem of predestination is a formidable one challenging freedom, maintaining as it does that, even before creation.Like most dilemmas posed by philosophy, perhaps it should be taken with reserve: “All ar
28、guments“, concluded 19th-century philosopher and psychologist William James, “are against freedom; all experience is for it“.31 The phrase “free of their freedom“ (Line 3, Paragraph1) can be paraphrased as _（A）released from responsibility.（B） getting rid of their freedom.（C） gaining absolute freedom
29、.（D）free from being controlled.32 Which of the following statement best illustrates moral freedom?（A）Alcoholics abstain from alcohol because they know it is harmful to their health.（B） Someone who repeatedly washes his hands because he believes that they are dirty.（C） While thinking, many children p
30、ut their forefinger into their mouth without knowing it.（D）Some drag addicts pick up their habit again soon after being off it under the help of others.33 It can be inferred from the text that the primary freedom is _（A）The freedom of “wheels“ for kids to get a drivers license.（B） The freedom of pro
31、fessors to teach according to academic findings.（C） The freedom of the slaves to gain their independence.（D）The freedom to do the things that one thinks to be right.34 It is suggested by the author that freedom doesnt face the challenges from _（A）the religious fatalism.（B） Gods mighty will.（C） Mosle
32、m tenets.（D）all kinds of argument.35 which of the following is the best title for this text?（A）Is Freedom an Illusion?（B） Are We Bounded by the Absolute Freedom?（C） Are Birds Free from the Chains of the Skyway?（D）Arguments against Freedom while experience for it.36 “When a customer enters my store,
33、forget me. He is king,“ decreed John Wanamaker, who in 1876 turned an abandoned railway depot in Philadelphia into one of the worlds first department stores. This revolutionary concept changed the face of retailing and led to the development of advertising and marketing as we know it today.But compe
34、lling as that slogan was, in truth the shopper was cheated of the crown. Although manufacturing efficiency boosted the variety of goods and lowered prices, advertising provided most information about products. Through much of the past century, ads spoke to a captive audience confined to just a few r
35、adio or television channels or a limited number of publications. Now media choice has exploded too, and consumers select what they want from a far greater variety of sourcesespecially with a few clicks of a computer mouse. Thanks to the internet, the consumer is finally seizing power.As our survey i
36、n this issue shows, consumer power has profound implications for companies, because it is changing the way the world shops. Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven“ or “consumer-centric“. Now their claims will be tested as never before. Trading on shoppers ignorance will no longer be possibl
37、e: people will knowand soon tell others, even those without the internetthat prices in the next town are cheaper or that certain goods are inferior. The internet is working wonders in raising standards. Good and honest firms should benefit most.But it is also intensifying competition. Today, window
38、shopping takes place online. People can compare products, prices and reputations. They can read what companies say about products in far greater detail, but also how that tallies with the opinions of others, andmost importantly of alldiscover what previous buyers have to say. Newsgroups and websites
39、 constantly review products and services.This is changing the nature of consumer decision. Until recently, consumers usually learned about a product and made their choice at the same time. People would often visit a department store or dealership to seek advice from a salesman, look at his recommend
40、ations and then buy. Now, for many, each of these steps is separate. For instance, Ford is finding that eight out of ten of its customers have already used the internet to decide what car they want to buyand what they are willing to payeven before they arrive at a show room.36 It can be inferred fro
41、m the second paragraph that the consumers used to be put at a disadvantage in a large part due to（A）inefficient advertising.（B） underrated slogan.（C） medium handicap.（D）rampant dishonesty.37 It is implied in the third paragraph that（A）profound implications are hard to decipher.（B） commercial conduct
42、s can be tax-evasive.（C） dishonest firms are most critical of award-winners.（D）business transaction was less transparent.38 What is the text mainly about?（A）The cause of the public disappointment about business.（B） The origin of a commercial concept.（C） The consequence of a novel medium.（D）The aim o
43、f the advertising and marketing.39 The word “it“(Line 1, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to（A）the firm.（B） the internet.（C） the wonder.（D）the manufacturer.40 The shift in the nature of consumer decision is revealed in the fact that（A）people employ internet to learn about products in advance.（B） co
44、nsumers generally seek advice from salesmen.（C） people visit a store and make their choice at the same time.（D）consumers took business steps separately.41 In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little f
45、act gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of Londons Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some:Plomins colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each. They are all Whi
46、te living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 136. In the other group, the average IQ is 103. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each childs chromosome 6 (One of the 23 human chromosomes). Of the 37 land marks on chromosome 6 that the researchers l
47、ooked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in high IQ group as in the average growth32 percent versus 16 percent. The study concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene, called allele 5, that contributes to intelligence.Plomin cautions that “This is
48、 not a genius gene. It is one of many“. (About half the differences in intelligence between one person and another are thought to reflect different genes, and half reflect different life experiences.)The gene accounts for no more than four extra IQ points. And it is neither necessary nor sufficient
49、for high IQ: 23 percent of the average-IQ kids did have it, but 54 percent of genius kids did not.The smart gene is known by the snappy name “insulin like growth factor 2 receptor“ (IGH2R to its fun). It lets hormones like one similar to insulin dock with cells. Although a gene involved with insulin is not the most obvious candidate for an IQ gene, new evidence suggests it might indeed
