1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 143 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 At work, as in life, attractive women get a lot of good lucks. Studies have shown that they are more likely to be【B1】_than their p
2、lain-Jane colleagues because people tend to project【B2】_traits【B3】_them, such as a sensitive heart and a cool head, they may also be at an【B4】_in job interviews. But research suggests otherwise.Brad Hanks at Georgia State University looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their r
3、esume, as is the【B5】_in much of Europe and Asia. The pair sent made-up applications to over 2,500 real-life【B6】_. For each job, they sent two very similar resume, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously been graded for their attractiveness. For men, the results were【B7】_expected. Hunk
4、s were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo. Ugly men were better off not including one. However, for women this was【B8】_. Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugshot. When applying directly to a company(rather than through
5、an agency)an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average【B9】_getting an interview; an【B10】_qualified plain one just seven.At first, Mr. Hanks considered【B11 】_he calls the “dumb-blonde hypothesis“that people【B12】_beautiful women to be stupid.【B13】_, the photos had also been rated on ho
6、w【B14】_people thought each subject looked; there was no【B15】_between perceived intellect and beauty.So the cause of the discrimination must【B16】_elsewhere. Human resources departments tend to be【B17】_mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for
7、 an interview were female. The researchers unavoidableand unpalatableconclusion is that old-fashioned【B18】_led the women to discriminate【B19】_pretty candidates.So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy? No. Better, says Mr. Ruffle, to discourage the practice of includ
8、ing a photo altogether. Companies might even consider the【B20】_model used in the Belgian public sector, where CVs do not even include the candidates name.1 【B1 】（A）recruited（B） offended（C） promoted（D）flattered2 【B2 】（A）possible（B） peculiar（C） perfect（D）positive3 【B3 】（A）with（B） to（C） in（D）on4 【B4 】（
9、A）advantage（B） benefit（C） favor（D）edge5 【B5 】（A）standard（B） norm（C） criterion（D）example6 【B6 】（A）places（B） sites（C） spaces（D）vacancies7 【B7 】（A）as（B） below（C） beyond（D）above8 【B8 】（A）diversified（B） conversed（C） reversed（D）reserved9 【B9 】（A）unless（B） before（C） while（D）when10 【B10 】（A）equally（B） fully
10、（C） suitably（D）ideally11 【B11 】（A）what（B） as（C） which（D）that12 【B12 】（A）assert（B） define（C） judge（D）assume13 【B13 】（A）Therefore（B） However（C） Additionally（D）Consequently14 【B14 】（A）intellectual（B） intelligent（C） intellect（D）intelligible15 【B15 】（A）conflict（B） overlap（C） correlation（D）alliance16 【B16
11、 】（A）locate（B） rely（C） lay（D）lie17 【B17 】（A）staffed（B） occupied（C） populated（D）inhabited18 【B18 】（A）admiration（B） jealousy（C） prejudice（D）stereotype19 【B19 】（A）about（B） against（C） with（D）for20 【B20 】（A）analogous（B） unanimous（C） anonymous（D）anecdotalPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. An
12、swer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Early this week a bit of cheery news was reported by the Manhattan Institute, a conservative think tank: black segregation has hit its lowest point in more than a century declining in all 85 of the nations largest metropolita
13、n areas. Nevertheless, the report is largely celebratory in tone, and it has been received in that fashion by much of the news media. Before we break out the champagne, however, it may be wise to pause and reflect for a moment on who was excluded from the analysis.Our nations prison population has m
14、ore than quintupled(soaring from 300,000 in the mid-1970s to more than 2 million today), due to a “get tough“ movement and a war on drugs that has been waged almost exclusively in poor communities of color. Studies have consistently shown that people of color are no more likely to use or sell illega
15、l drugs than whites, but a fierce drug war has been waged nonetheless, and harsh mandatory minimum sentences passed, leading to a prison-building boom unprecedented in world history. Despite this sea change, prisoners continue to be treated as nonentities in much sociological and economic analysis.I
16、n the Manhattan Institute study, prisoners are not even mentioned, despite the fact that millions of poor people overwhelmingly people of color are removed from their communities and held in prisons, often hundreds of miles from home. Most new prison construction has occurred in predominately white,
17、 rural communities, and thus a new form of segregation has emerged in recent years. Bars and walls keep hundreds of thousands away from mainstream society a form of apartheid unlike the world has even seen. If all of them suddenly returned, they would not be evenly throughout the nations population.
18、 Instead they would return to a relatively small number of communities defined by race and class, greatly intensifying the levels of segregation we see today.Those who imagine that the failure to account for prisoners cant possibly affect the analysis would be wise to consider the distortion of unem
19、ployment figures in recent years. According to Harvard professor Bruce Western, standard unemployment figures underestimate the true jobless rate by as much as 24 percentage points for less educated black men. In fact, during the 1990s the economic-boom years noncollege black men were the only group
20、 that experienced a sharp increase in unemployment, a development directly traceable to the sudden explosion of the prison population. At the same time that unemployment rates were sinking to record low levels for the general population, the true jobless rate among noncollege black men soared to a s
21、taggering 42% .Prisoners do matter when analyzing the severity of racial inequality in the U. S. Yet because they are out of sight and out of mind, it is easy to imagine that we are making far more racial progress than we actually are. For now, lets keep the cork in the bottle and pray that we will
22、eventually awaken from our color-blind slumber to the persistent realities of race in America.21 The news medias response toward the research results announced by the Manhattan Institute is_.（A）negative（B） positive（C） neutral（D）suspicious22 The new form of segregation in Paragraph 3 means that_.（A）t
23、he black and white are confined separately in the prison（B） the black is shut away from the mainstream society（C） many black people are locked in prison located in white community（D）many black people released from the prison stay in white community23 The statistics in Paragraph 4 is cited by the aut
24、hor to illustrate that_.（A）the unemployment rate for black people are persistently high（B） black people constitutes the largest population group in prison boom（C） the standard unemployment figures underestimate the true jobless rate（D）prison population do matter when conducting sociological or econo
25、mical analysis24 The best title for this article perhaps is_.（A）The Myth of Desegregation（B） The Prison Boom in America（C） The Decline of Racial Equality（D）The Distorted News Report25 In the authors opinion, the real situation of racial equality in America is_.（A）pessimistic（B） optimistic（C） despera
26、te（D）hopeful25 California is having problems with its death penalty. It hasnt executed anyone since 2006, when a federal court ruled that its method of lethal injection was improper and could cause excessive pain. The state spent five years coming up with a better method and last month, a judge thre
27、w that one out too. One indication of just how encumbered Californias capital-punishment system is: the prisoner who brought the latest lethal-injection challenge has been on death row for 24 years.It isnt just California. The Death Penalty Information Center reported last month that the number of n
28、ew death sentences nationally was down sharply in 2011, dropping below 100 for the first time in decades. It also reported that executions were plummeting down 56% since 1999.There has long been an idea about how the death penalty would end in the U. S. : the Supreme Court would hand down a sweeping
29、 ruling saying it is unconstitutional in all cases. But that is not what is happening. Instead of top-down abolition, we seem to be getting it from the bottom up governors, state legislatures, judges and juries quietly deciding not to support capital punishment. New Jersey abolished its death penalt
30、y in 2007. New Mexico abolished its death penalty in 2009. There are now 16 states or about one-third of the country that have abolished capital punishment.There are several reasons we seem to be moving toward de facto abolition of the death penalty. A major one has been the growing number of prison
31、ers on death row who have been exonerated 139 and counting since 1973, according to a list maintained by the Death Penalty Information Center. Even many people who support capital punishment in theory balk when they are confronted with clear evidence that innocent people are being sentenced to death
32、.Another factor is cost. Money is tight these days, and more attention is being paid to just how expensive death-penalty cases are. A 2008 study found that California was spending $ 137 million on capital cases a sizable outlay, particularly since it was not putting anyone to death.According to the
33、polls, a majority of the country has not yet turned against the death penalty but support is slipping. In 1994, 80% of respondents in a Gallup poll said they supported the death penalty for someone convicted of murder. In 2001, just 61% did. In polls where respondents are given a choice between the
34、death penalty or life without parole and restitution, a majority has gone with the non-death option.Many opponents of the death penalty are still hoping for a sweeping Supreme Court ruling, and there is no denying that it would have unique force. Five Justices, with a stroke of their pens, could end
35、 capital punishment nationwide. But bottom-up, gradual abolition has other advantages. What we are seeing is not a small group of judges setting policy. It is a large number of Americans gradually losing their enthusiasm for putting people to death.26 The top-down abolition in Paragraph 3 refers to_
36、.（A）the abolition of death penalty on a national scale（B） the abolition of death penalty decided by the supreme court（C） the abolition of death penalty at state level（D）the abolition of death penalty by referendum27 In the eyes of supporters for capital punishment, it is _that there are innocent peo
37、ple sentenced to death because of erroneous judgment.（A）unacceptable（B） inevitable（C） rare（D）undeniable28 The word “exonerate“ is most closely in meaning to_.（A）confess the guilt（B） prove the innocence（C） execute the death（D）postpone the execution29 Which of the following statements is Not true acco
38、rding to the passage?（A）California has abolished death penalty because it fails to find proper execution means.（B） The execution of death penalties has dropped below 100 since 1999.（C） Americans are no longer die-hard fans of death penalty.（D）There is an economic consideration behind the trend of re
39、pealing death penalty.30 It seems that the author_the gradual abolition of death penalty.（A）is satisfied with（B） is concerned about（C） harbors reservations about（D）is overwhelmed by30 Its the part of the job that stock analyst Hiroshi Naya dislikes the most: phoning investor managers on a Saturday o
40、r Sunday when hes working on a report and facing a deadline. In Japan, placing a work call to someone on the weekend “feels like entering someones house with your shoes on,“ says Naya, chief analyst at Ichiyoshi Research Institute in Tokyo. So last year, Naya started asking his questions via message
41、s on Facebook. While a telephone call seems intrusive, he says, a Facebook message “feels more relaxed. “Many Japanese have become fans of Mark Zuckerbergs company in the past year. Its taken a while: Even as Facebook took off in India, Indonesia, and other parts of Asia, its been a laggard in Japan
42、 since its local-language version debuted in 2008. The site faced cultural obstacles in a country where people historically havent been comfortable sharing personal information, or even their names, on the Internet. Homegrown rivals such as community website operator Mixi and online game portals suc
43、h as DeNA allow their users to adopt pseudonyms.The Japanese are overcoming their shyness, though. In February, Facebook had 13. 5 million unique users, up from 6 million a year earlier. That puts Facebook in the No. 1 position in Japan for the first time, ahead of Twitter and onetime leader Mixi. “
44、 Facebook didnt have a lot of traction in Japan for the longest time,“ says Arvind Rajan, Asia-Pacific managing director for Linkedln, which entered the Japanese market last October and hopes to emulate Facebooks recent success. “They really did turn the corner,“ he says. Rajan attributes the change
45、 in attitude to the March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami. During the crisis and its aftermath, sites such as Facebook helped parents and children locate each other and allowed people post and find reliable information. “ The real-name case has been answered,“ says Rajan. “People are getting it now
46、. “Japanese see Facebook as a powerful business tool. The real-name policy makes the site a good place to cultivate relationships with would-be partners. As more companies such as retailers Uniqlo and Muji turn to Facebook to reach Japanese consumers, the Silicon Valley company is benefiting from a
47、virtuous cycle, says Koki Shiraishi, an analyst in Tokyo with Daiwa Securities Capital Markets. “Its a chicken-and-egg thing: If everyone starts using it, then more people start using it. “As a result of Facebooks rise, investors have soured on some of its rivals: DeNAs stock price has dropped 24 pe
48、rcent in the past year, and Mixis has fallen 38 percent. Growth at Twitterwhich also entered Japan in 2008has stagnated, and the San Francisco company has partnered with Mixi to do joint marketing. Twitter Japan country manager James Kondo says theres no reason to worry. Japans social networking sce
49、ne “ is a developing thing,“ he says. “Were not in a flat market where everyone is competing for a share of a fixed pie. “31 Hiroshi Naya takes a fancy to Facebook because_.（A）it enables him to reach out to business partners（B） it saves the trouble of face-to-face meeting（C） it frees him from making awkward calls（D）it makes him relaxed to make intrusive remarks32 We know from P
