1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 150 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is【B1】_of reason, I think, that many young Asian-American
2、s continue to assimilate quietly into American【B2】_as doctors, scientists and engineers. Our struggles are individual and familial but【B3】_communal or political. Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the American Dream. While I can strive for【B4 】_into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean
3、mothers in my hometown, God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that【B5 】_fame and influence as a writer, an intellectual or perhaps president of the United States. I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something【B6】_than myself and my personal ambitions, part of a larger cu
4、lture. Unfortunately, by coming to America, my parents【B7 】 _the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me. When I visited【B8】_last summer, found that I was 【B9】_and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Korean and for turning my【B10 】_on their culture. Taxi drivers would【B1
5、1】_to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our【B12】_where we had come from.And【B13】_, in spite of the 17 years I have spent in this country, I feel more acutely conscious than ever of the fact that I am not completely【B14】_Recently, a black man called me a “ little Chine
6、se faggot“ in a mens room, and a【B15】_woman on the street told me to “go back to Japan“. Americans, I think, feel a(n) 【B16】_to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at a sociological, philosophical and geographical distance. With【B17】_numbers of Asian-American【B18 】_applying to top colleges, many wh
7、ite students have begun to complain about Asian-American【B19】_and competitiveness, calling us “Asian nerds“. Many Americans consider this as part of a larger “Asian invasion“ associated【B20】_Japans export success in America.1 【B1 】（A）one（B） part（C） much（D）some2 【B2 】（A）country（B） city（C） land（D）soci
8、ety3 【B3 】（A）hardly（B） frequently（C） approximately（D）always4 【B4 】（A）scholarship（B） citizenship（C） admittance（D）integration5 【B5 】（A）toward（B） near（C） between（D）among6 【B6 】（A）more（B） better（C） larger（D）longer7 【B7 】（A）sold（B） maintained（C） memorized（D）sacrificed8 【B8 】（A）Japan（B） China（C） Korea（D）T
9、hailand9 【B9 】（A）scorned（B） respected（C） surprised（D）ignored10 【B10 】（A）side（B） head（C） eyes（D）back11 【B11 】（A）like（B） refuse（C） struggle（D）want12 【B12 】（A）skin（B） clothes（C） faces（D）politeness13 【B13 】（A）also（B） so（C） yet（D）then14 【B14 】（A）hated（B） ignored（C） treated（D）welcomed15 【B15 】（A）homeless（
10、B） careless（C） selfless（D）warm-hearted16 【B16 】（A）fear（B） need（C） interest（D）admiration17 【B17 】（A）growing（B） expanding（C） developing（D）enlarging18 【B18 】（A）people（B） residents（C） students（D）foreigners19 【B19 】（A）diligence（B） laziness（C） hardship（D）stubbornness20 【B20 】（A）for（B） to（C） with（D）atPart
11、ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 A crisis at Banco Espirito Santo(BES), one of Portugals biggest banks, prompted a plunge in Portugals stock market and lesser tumbles elsewhere. Angela Merkel, Germanys chancellor
12、, said that the episode illustrated how swiftly market nerves could return and how fragile the construction of the euro remained. Investors confidence in the German economy, Europes powerhouse, is waning, according to the ZEW index.Industrial production makes up only a fifth of the euro-zone economy
13、. But its poor performance in May,2014 makes it likelier that the overall recovery, which started in the spring of 2013, remains feeble. To date, GDP growth has averaged only 0. 2% a quarter(an annualized rate of 0. 9%).Another worry about the recovery is that it has been so uneven. What little grow
14、th there was in the first quarter was driven by German output, which expanded sharply. The French economy, the second-biggest in the euro area,stagnated while Italys, the third-biggest, contracted.Unemployment is still disturbingly high in much of the euro zone. Though the overall jobless rate has f
15、allen since its peak in 2013,it remained at 11. 6% of the labour force in May. That average disguises the fact that in Germany the rate was 5.1% compared with 12. 6% in Italy and 25. 1% in Spain.Against this background, it is unsurprising that inflation is stuck at just 0. 5%. Although the European
16、Central Bank(ECB)took steps to counter “low-inflation“ in early June, the worry is that it has still not done enough. In a survey of the euro-zone economy published on July 14th, the IMF urged the ECB to adopt quantitative easingcreating money to buy assets including sovereign bondsif inflation rema
17、ins too low.21 From the first paragraph, we can learn that investors confidence in German economy is .（A）weak（B） increasing（C） optimistic（D）subtle22 What can we infer from the second paragraph?（A）Industrial production is slightly related with the economic recovery.（B） Industrial production decides t
18、he economic recovery.（C） The speed of the economic recovery is affected by industrial production.（D）Industrial production occupies a little in economy.23 The word “stagnate“ in Paragraph 3 probably means_.（A）deteriorating（B） indebting（C） flourishing（D）stopping developing or advancing24 Although ther
19、e exists the uniform euro policy, _.（A）the jobless rate in the whole Europe is not balanced（B） the unemployment rate in the whole Europe is still very high（C） the unemployment rate in many of the European countries is very high（D）the unemployment rate in many of the European countries is troublesome
20、25 Which of the following can be the best title for the text?（A）The euro-zone economy（B） The euro-zone unemployment（C） The euro-zone low-inflation（D）The euro-zone recovery25 Nobody likes to be spied on, especially by their allies, so it is hardly surprising that Europeans are angry about American es
21、pionage operations conducted against them, on their territory. These include spying on the European Union embassy in Washington, DC(with a bug in the fax machine), and on the governments of France, Germany and other countries, as well as the collection of large amounts of electronic datain Germanys
22、case half a billion phone calls, e-mails and text messages every month. In a country where Gestapo crimes still leave dark shadows, and privacy rights have near-religious significance that causes outrage.Many Europeans see in the disclosure further evidence of American arrogance and unaccountabili-t
23、yjust another episode in a story that includes an illegal war in Iraq, “extraordinary rendition“ , water boarding and secret prisons. Some European politicians want a punitive response. One idea is to suspend agreements on sharing financial and other data between intelligence and law-enforcement age
24、ncies. Another is to halt talks on a big new transatlantic trade deal. A third is to offer asylum to Edward Snowden, the source of the leaks about his former employer, Americas National Security Agency.But any of these grandstanding approaches would be a mistake. One reason is hypocrisy. France has
25、formidable foreign-intelligence services that spy on America, for economic and political advantage. Much of the intelligence that America gathersespecially in counter-terrorismis shared with European countries. And much of the American activity in Europe happens in partnership with local agencies, e
26、ven in Germany. Some of this co-operation may be of borderline legality in the countries concerned. Its disclosure may be embarrassing for politicians there. But that is hardly Americas fault.A second reason is self-interest. Americas security umbrella allows European countries to feel safe from, fo
27、r instance, the possibility of future Russian aggression while spending little on defense. But Europeans cannot take such protection for granted. In many American eyes, Europeans are already wobbly, tiresome free-riders.Europe also has most to gain from a transatlantic trade deal. It desperately nee
28、ds the extra economic growth an agreement would bring. America wants it toobut it is already enjoying a moderate economic revival of the sort the Europeans would kill for, and is also involved in negotiating a similar, transpacific pact, on which it can focus its efforts if the spying row makes deal
29、ing with the Europeans too difficult.Finally, there is the pointlessness of the threat. Even if European governments did cut intelligence links with the Americans, that would not stop the spying. America would continue to conduct operations against all but a handful of truly close allies, such as Ca
30、nada and Britain.26 Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?（A）American espionage operations only take place in European continent.（B） Some European politicians decide to take actions against America.（C） The Europeans are quite furious at America, but with no agreed meas
31、ures.（D）European countries refuse to provide refugee to Edward Snowden.27 In Paragraph 2, “suspend agreements“ probably means_.（A）resuming negotiation on agreements（B） ceasing negotiation on agreements temporarily（C） ceasing negotiation on agreements permanently（D）maintaining negotiation on agreemen
32、ts28 Why the Europeans are called free-riders by Americans?（A）Because they share much of the intelligence with America.（B） Because their co-operation with America may be of borderline legality in their countries.（C） Because they spend little on defense but feel safe from future Russian aggression.（D
33、）Because they rely on Americas security protection too much.29 From the fifth paragraph, we can infer that_.（A）Europe needs the extra economic growth from a transatlantic trade deal（B） America is enjoying a moderate economic revival（C） Europe in any way wont cut their liaison with America（D）The tran
34、spacific pact is beneficial to both Europe and America30 What is the authors attitude towards European reaction against American spying?（A）Indifferent.（B） Optimistic.（C） Skeptical.（D）Intolerable.30 A true diner would choose a restaurant based on the quality of the menu and the chefs experience. The
35、discerning investor would decide which company to back after studying the business plan and meeting the founders. In reality, people often copy the choices of others. Diners pick the crowded restaurant over the empty one. Investors go with the company that already has multiple backers.Such bandwagon
36、 effects are not necessarily irrational. Often, the buyer knows less about a product than the seller; the collective wisdom of the crowd can correct for such “asymmetric information“. It can also be a way of coping with a surplus of choice; rather than study 100 models of music player, why not assum
37、e the market has already figured out the duds?The existence of bandwagon behavior can be hard to prove. A product or an asset usually becomes popular(or unpopular)in the first place because it is genuinely superior(or inferior). But some have tried to isolate the self-fulfilling effects of popularit
38、y. One 2004 study by Alan Sorensen, now of the University of Wisconsin, examined accidental omissions from the New York Times bestseller list. By comparing the sales of books that did make the list and unlisted books that should have, the author could isolate the effect of inclusiona modest boost to
39、 first-time authors sales. In a 2008 study by Matthew Salganik of Princeton University and Duncan Watts, now at Microsoft Research, participants tricked into believing a song was more popular than it actually was were more likely to download it.Although such bandwagon behavior may be rational, it ca
40、n also be deeply harmful. Two decades ago Abhijit Banerjee, now at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, devised a model of “rational herding“ in which market participants base their decision on a combination of their own information and the actions of others. Over successive rounds of transact
41、ions, participants responded less to their own information and more to the herd.That can lead to poor outcomes. Imagine a newly unemployed worker who narrowly misses out on the first job he applies for. That initial failure reduces his odds of landing the second job he applies for, and so on, until
42、he ends up as one of the long-term unemployed. The growth of CV-screening software may exacerbate the trend by reducing the chances that someone in human resources will pull the details of a long-term unemployed worker out of the pile of applications. One near miss can increase the odds of protracte
43、d failure.Popularity is not destiny, fortunately. Mr Salganik and Mr Watts could turn an unpopular song into a hit by manipulating its perceived popularity, but could not turn a hit into a loser. Even after being falsely labeled the least popular song, the most popular song rose sharply in the ranki
44、ngs once enough people had listened to it. Similarly, Messrs Kroft, Lange and Notowidigdo found that even someone who has been unemployed for several years has a 4% chance of a call-back. But their study suggests that taking some work is better than none for the recently unemployed. Once the bandwag
45、on starts to roll, it is hard to stop.31 From the description of the first two paragraphs, which word could best summarize the nature of “ bandwagon behavior“ ?（A）Collectivism.（B） Peer pressure.（C） Conformity.（D）Imitation.32 Which of the following may be a rational example of bandwagon behavior?（A）P
46、eople crowd to buy iPhones since they are indeed in good quality.（B） Though a good book, because of an accidental omission, it is not included in the bestseller list and its sale goes down a little than those in the list.（C） A song becomes a hit not because it is good in quality but that the listene
47、rs follow suit.（D）One restaurant is full of diners, so you walk in.33 Which of the following paragraphs could be best summarized by the title “Herd it through the grape-vine“ ?（A）Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.（B） Paragraphs 4, 5 and 6.（C） Paragraphs 1, 2 and 6.（D）Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4.34 In the last sentenc
48、e of Paragraph 5, what does “one near miss“ refer to?（A）The employee in human resources fails to read the CV of the long-term unemployed.（B） The unemployed loses his first job he applies for.（C） The unemployed has to end up as one of the long-term unemployed.（D）The CV-screening software may worsen t
49、he trend.35 According to the text, why missing out on one job application is bad news for the chances in the next?（A）Employers find some qualitative flaws in the long-term unemployed that is hidden from outsiders.（B） People make less effort to find work as their time out of the labor force lengthens.（C） Employers equate lengthening unemployment with atrophying skills and thus falling productivity.（D）Employers are more likely to overlook a lo
