1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 158 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 A persons home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he s
2、pends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n)“【B1】_home“. But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical【B2】_of cash and location on【B3 】_that idea.Cash shortage, in fact, often means that the only way of【B4】_when you leave school is to sta
3、y at home for a while until things【B5】_financially. There are obvious【B6】_of living at homepersonal laundry is usually【B7】_done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to call【B8 】_. And there is【B9】_the responsibility for paying bills, r
4、ates, etc.On the other hand, much depends on how a family【 B10】_. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family【B11】_do you like them? Are you prepared to be【B12 】 _when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot
5、 manage a(n)【B13】_, and that you finally have the money to leave, how do you【B14 】_finding somewhere else to live?If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are【B15 】_well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always a good【B16】_of information. If you are going to work
6、in a【B17】_area, again there are the papersand the accommodation agencies,【B18】_these should be approached with【B19 】_. Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the【B20】_of the first weeks rent, if you take accommodation they have found for you.1 【B1 】（A）ideal（B） perfect（C） imaginary（D）satisfact
7、ory2 【B2 】（A）deficiencies（B） weaknesses（C） insufficiencies（D）limitations3 【B3 】（A）dreaming（B） achieving（C） considering（D）getting4 【B4 】（A）getting over（B） keeping up（C） making up（D）getting along5 【B5 】（A）improve（B） enhance（C） develop（D）proceed6 【B6 】（A）concerns（B） issues（C） advantages（D）problems7 【B7
8、 】（A）still（B） always（C） habitually（D）consequently8 【B8 】（A）in（B） over（C） upon（D）out9 【B9 】（A）always（B） rarely（C） little（D）sometimes10 【B10 】（A）carries on（B） sticks to（C） takes after（D）gets on11 【B11 】（A）and（B） but（C） still（D）or12 【B12 】（A）tolerant（B） hostile（C） indifferent（D）good-tempered13 【B13 】（A
9、）agreement（B） consensus（C） compromise（D）deal14 【B14 】（A）go about（B） put forward（C） go in for（D）deal with15 【B15 】（A）seldom（B） less（C） probably（D）certainly16 【B16 】（A）origin（B） source（C） channel（D）resource17 【B17 】（A）familiar（B） remote（C） humid（D）new18 【B18 】（A）though（B） while（C） since（D）as19 【B19 】（
10、A）enthusiasm（B） hesitation（C） caution（D）anxiety20 【B20 】（A）same（B） equivalent（C） equal（D）similarityPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 What makes a great high school? Americans think a lot of things do, from ou
11、tstanding academics or a supportive environment for students to a great football or basketball team. Still, pretty much everyone agrees teaching and learning are central to the mission. High schools are expected to prepare students for further education, work, or the military and eliminate the large
12、 gaps in achievement separating different ethnic and income groups of students. These are sensible goals.While there are many great high schools among the nearly 22,000 across the country, too many are still not getting the job done. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic students finish h
13、igh school on time. Meanwhile, the National Assessment of Education Progress tests, often referred to as “the nations report card,“ show significant achievement gaps separating white students from black and Hispanic high school students.These are not small differences but rather vast gaps that crush
14、 opportunity and tear at our nations social contract. Leave aside the intrinsic value of being an educated citizen; there are practical effects as well. In 2005, the mean annual earnings were about $20,000 for a high school dropout but $54,000 for someone with a bachelors degree. And those differenc
15、es are growing wider, not lessening, as our economy becomes more knowledge and skills based. In 1975, a high school dropout earned about half as much as a college graduate, compared with about one third today.This is why U.S. News set some clear criteria for academic quality in its new ranking of Am
16、erican high schools. These criteria mean a lot of schools dont measure uponly 505 schools nationwide earned a silver or gold medal this year. The list illustrates at once the promise and the challenge for high schools today. Only about 1 in 8 of the schools on this list serves a student population t
17、hat is more than 50 percent low income, and only about 1 in 5 has a majority of nonwhite students. Meanwhile, about 1 in 5 selects students based on academic merit, something that obviously boosts the chances of meeting the criteria.Because the U.S. News list uses more data to judge schools, it pain
18、ts a clearer picture. Of course, no list is perfect. For instance, it is difficult to account for high school graduation rates because states calculate them in different ways. But this one better reflects what policymakers and parents want from high schools, as well as the challenge our nation faces
19、 to make our high schools as good as they need to be.21 American high schools are expected to（A）eliminate large social gaps.（B） remain ethnic diversities.（C） teach students practical skills.（D）prepare students for the future.22 In Paragraph 2, “the nations report card“ is cited to show that（A）too ma
20、ny high schools fail to accomplish the mission of teaching and learning.（B） half of African-American and Hispanic high school students are dropouts.（C） achievement gaps are the primary iauses of ethnic separation in America.（D）American high schools havent wiped off ethnic gaps among students.23 We c
21、an learn from Paragraph 3 that（A）inequality of education breaks the contract America signs with its citizens.（B） income gaps are widened as the economy relies more on knowledge and skills.（C） high school education results in more economical impact than emotional one.（D）high school dropouts used to e
22、arn more in the 1970s than today.24 High schools of silver or gold medalists by U.S. News most probably（A）dedicate to students from low-income families.（B） recruit mainly white students.（C） select students based on academic performance.（D）admit only minority elite students.25 Which of the following
23、is a feature of the U.S. News list?（A）Ideal.（B） Exaggerating.（C） Insightful.（D）Threatening.25 Jonathan Swift made a famous Modest Proposal in 1729 that the babies of the Irish poor should be eaten to prevent them growing up to a poverty-stricken life of crime. It was, of course, ironic. But nearly 3
24、00 years later I would like to make a modest proposal about babies that is almost as astonishing, yet not at all ironic. Ive come reluctantly to think, that perhaps some babies, in the public interest and to prevent them growing up to a life of violence, should be forcibly taken from their mothers a
25、nd adopted.Freedom and compassion are two of the things I believe in most passionately and this proposal is entirely at odds with both, or so it seems. The image of little children being wrenched from the arms of their deeply upset mothers is one of the worst one can imagine. However, the parents of
26、 some of the criminally violent young people of today are not worthy of the name of mother or father. Some of those babies, given the extreme disadvantages of their upbringing, will grow up to torment, hurt and kill.All too often when a shocking murder is reported, it emerges that the killers had a
27、background designed to produce such semi-psychotic violence. We could demand to know where the criminal justice system was in all this or why there are not police on the streets. But we dont often demand an explanation from the parents. Children from orderly homes do not tend to go about the streets
28、 looking for a fight. It is the children of the uselessthere is no better word for it, Im sorry to saywho go so tragically wrong.I am not talking about parents or children who suffer from mental illness; they cant be held responsible. Im talking about parents who are pretty much in their right minds
29、, when not high on drink and drugs, and who choose to neglect their children, and who, neglecting or abusing those they have already, go on to have more. I mean never-married parents, with no standards, who have a string of partners coming and going, who have babies by different lovers, who are care
30、less if those itinerants(partners)abuse their own children, who are running welfare scams or living by crime. What hope is there for their children?Now theres a challenge to politicians: stop talking about the cycle of deprivation and break it by taking away the babies and giving them to loving adop
31、tive parents. A modest proposal, and a difficult one, but the only realistic one.26 The author believes his proposal is（A）modest but critical.（B） shocking but practical.（C） modest and forceful.（D）practical and ironical.27 The babies of unworthy parents will（A）not deserve to be a mother or father.（B）
32、 probably grow to be criminals.（C） have all the disadvantages in their lives.（D）hurt and kill themselves later.28 According to the author, the reason for some shocking murders may often be（A）the imperfect criminal justice system.（B） the inefficiency of policemen.（C） the psychological problems of cri
33、minals.（D）the irresponsible family education.29 The last sentence in Paragraph 4 implies that（A）the careless parents neglect the future of their children.（B） the parents of right minds give no hope to help their children.（C） the children of never-married parents have nothing to hope.（D）the children
34、of never-married parents are hopeless criminals. 30 What is the best title for the passage?（A）A Modest ProposalTragedy No More（B） A Way to Cut CrimeForcible Adoption（C） A Decisive Force for CrimeParents Background（D）A Challenge to PoliticiansDeprivation Cycle30 The energy crisis, which is being felt
35、 around the world, has dramatized how the reckless despoiling of the earths resources has brought the whole world to brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-des
36、truction of our cities, the disintegration of the family, and the pollution not only of local air, but also of the earths atmosphere. The catastrophe has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution, or depression. It is also unlike the great natural catas
37、trophes of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is crucial. What we need is not a continuation of our present perilous state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a
38、new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been reeling under the continuing exposures of loss of moral integrity and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some
39、 commitment that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the loyalty of all. In the past it has been only in a war in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to invoke a total commitment.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend oursel
40、ves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course, and to devise new methods through which the world can surviv
41、e. This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of the nature of the crisis confronting usand the worlda crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by-product of the ambition of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no by-product of any pre
42、sent system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life-style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on an overriding commitment to a higher quality of life for
43、the worlds children and future generation.31 According to the author, the energy crisis has led the world close to（A）union.（B） revival.（C） destruction.（D）overdevelopment.32 What does the author think has contributed to the near disaster of our cities?（A）The breakup of families.（B） Reckless financial
44、 planning.（C） Natural disasters.（D）The excessive growth of motor transportation.33 Which of the following indicates our loss of moral integrity according to the passage?（A）Despoiling of natural resources.（B） Lack of loyalty.（C） Lack of mutual understanding.（D）Disintegration of the family.34 By compa
45、ring the past with the present, the author wants to draw peoples attention to（A）the significance of the crisis.（B） the inadequacy of governmental cooperation.（C） the similarity of the former to the latter.（D）the seriousness of the moral integrity.35 Which of the following commitments does the author
46、 feel people need to make?（A）Exploring more energy sources.（B） Outlawing motor transportation.（C） Taking a new lifestyle.（D）Transforming the present government system.35 This time last year three out of four 16 to 24-year-olds were wearing the white band of Make Poverty History. Whatever the campaig
47、n may or may not have achieved in Africa, it briefly inspired millions in Britain. A joy, but also a revelation, for this was the moment when I saw how ready people were to take a little bit of action for a big cause. It may also explain how the small movement I helped to found has become a rather l
48、arge phenomenon. Dont think changing the world can start by something as simple as shutting down your computer at night?Those marching were different crowds from 20 years ago. Make Poverty History made few formal demands. No slogans, no forms, not even meetings if you didnt fancy them. It was activi
49、sm litemore a brand than an organization. Show solidarity wherever you gofashionably of coursedo more, if and when you can. The future of active citizenship may depend on understanding why it ignited a generation.If social engagement is a funnel(a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom)turned on its side, about a quarter of a million people in the UK are at the narrow end, serial activists, responsible for 80 per cent of our
