1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 172 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 According to certain beer commercials , the contemporary version of success【B1 】 _in moving up to a premium brand that costs a dim
2、e or so more per bottle. Credit-card companies would have you【B2】_success inheres in owning their particular piece of plastic.【B3 】_the flag of success, modern-style, liberal arts colleges are withering【B4】_business schools are burgeoning,and yet even business schools are having an increasingly hard
3、 time【B5 】_faculty members, because teaching isnt【B6 】_“ successful“ enough. Amid a broad consensus【B7】_there is a glut of lawyers and an epidemic of strangling litigation, record numbers of young people continue to flock to law school【B8】_, for the individual practitioner, a law degree is still con
4、sidered a safe ticket.Many, by external【B9】_, will be “successes“. Yet there is a deadening and dangerous flaw in their philosophy: It has little room, little sympathy and less respect for the noble failure, for the person who【B10】_past the limits, who【B11】_gloriously high and falls unashamedly 【B12
5、】_That sort of ambition doesnt have much place in a world【B13】_success is proved by worldly reward【B14】_by accomplishment itself. That sort of ambition is increasingly thought of as the domain of irredeemable eccentrics,【B15】_people who havent quite caught onand there is great social pressure not to
6、 be one of them.The irony is that todays success-chasers seem obsessed with the idea of not settling. Yet in doggedly【B16】_the rather brittle species of success now in fashion, they are【 B17】_themselves to a chokingly narrow swath of turf along the entire【B18】_of human possibilities. Does it ever【B1
7、9】_to them that, frequently, success is what people settle for【B20】_they cant think of something noble enough to be worth failing at?1 【B1 】（A）consists（B） composes（C） constitutes（D）makes up2 【B2 】（A）believe（B） believed（C） believing（D）to believe3 【B3 】（A）With（B） Under（C） Below（D）Behind4 【B4 】（A）while
8、（B） however（C） but（D）nevertheless5 【B5 】（A）evaluating（B） finding（C） ensuring（D）admitting6 【B6 】（A）acknowledged（B） considered（C） regarded（D）recognized7 【B7 】（A）which（B） what（C） that（D）where8 【B8 】（A）because（B） though（C） if（D）whether9 【B9 】（A）levels（B） criteria（C） standards（D）rule10 【B10 】（A）ventures（
9、B） surpasses（C） attempts（D）risks11 【B11 】（A）reaches（B） aims（C） ascends（D）directs12 【B12 】（A）short（B） apart（C） behind（D）through13 【B13 】（A）whose（B） where（C） which（D）that14 【B14 】（A）other than（B） more than（C） rather than（D）less than15 【B15 】（A）with（B） for（C） to（D）of16 【B16 】（A）hunting（B） pursuing（C） s
10、eeking（D）following17 【B17 】（A）restricting（B） restraining（C） bounding（D）enclosing18 【B18 】（A）range（B） extent（C） scope（D）domain19 【B19 】（A）happen（B） occur（C） come（D）approach20 【B20 】（A）when（B） as（C） since（D）becausePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
11、 choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Menorca or Majorca? It is that time of the year again. The brochures are piling up in travel agents while newspapers and magazines bulge with advice about where to go . But the traditional packaged holiday, a British innovation that provided man-y timid natives
12、with their first experience of warm sand, is not what it was. Indeed, the industry is anxiously awaiting a High Court ruling to find out exactly what it now is.Two things have changed the way Britons research and book their holidays: low-cost airlines and the Internet. Instead of buying a ready-made
13、 package consisting of a flight, hotel, car hire and assorted entertainment from a tour operators brochure, it is now convenient to put together a trip using an online travel agent like Expedia or Travelocity, which last July bought Lastminute. com for 577 million, or from the proliferating websites
14、 of airlines, hotels and car-rental firms.This has led some to sound the death knell for high-street travel agents and tour operators. There have been upheavals and closures, but the traditional firms are starting to fight back, in part by moving more of their business online. First Choice Holidays,
15、 for instance, saw its pre-tax profit rise by 16% to 114 million in the year to the end of October. Although the total number of holidays booked has fallen, the company is concentrating on more valuable long-haul and adventure trips. First Choice now sells more than half its trips directly , either
16、through the Internet, over the telephone or from its own travel shops. It wants that to reach 75% within a few years.Other tour operators are showing similar hustle. MyTravel managed to cut its loss by almost half in 2005. Thomas Cook and Thomson Holidays, now both German owned, are also bullish abo
17、ut the coming holiday season. Highstreet travel agents are having a tougher time, though, not least because many leading tour operations have cut the commissions they pay.Some high-street travel agents are also learning to live with the Internet, helping people book complicated trips which they have
18、 researched online, providing advice and tacking on other services. This is seen as a growth area. But if an agent puts together separate flights and hotel accommodation, is that a package, too?The Civil Aviation Authority(CAA)says it is and the agent should hold an Air Travel Organisers Licence, wh
19、ich provides financial guarantees to repatriate people and provide refunds. The scheme dates from the early 1970s, when some large British travel firms went bust, stranding customers on the Costas. Although such failures are less common these days, the CAA had to help out some 30,000 people last yea
20、r. The Association of British Travel Agents went to the High Court in November to argue such bookings are not traditional packages and so do not require agents to acquire the costly licences. While the court decides, millions of Britons will happily click away buying online holidays, unaware of the
21、difference.21 Based on the first paragraph, which of the followings could be the title of text?（A）An annual holiday.（B） A High Court ruling.（C） A new package.（D）A British innovation.22 The text suggests that the shift in the method of holiday booking in UK is associated with（A）the popularity of elec
22、tronics.（B） the costly licences.（C） hotels and car rental firms.（D）the traditional ideology.23 According to the text, which of the following is true?（A）To put together a trip using a traditional travel agent is not hard at present.（B） To sound the death knell for tour operator is unacceptable and in
23、humane.（C） Some high-street travel agents defy the model of surviving with the Internet.（D）Traditional tour firms grapple with the Internet.24 The word “hustle“ in the topic sentence of the fourth paragraph most probably denotes（A）demand.（B） hostility.（C） sale.（D）prejudice.25 According to the first
24、and last paragraphs, which of the following is still in suspense?（A）A legal definition.（B） A congestion charge.（C） Financial guarantee.（D）An adventure trip.25 The Bush administration is going to propose far-reaching new rules which would give people with disabilities greater access to tens of thousa
25、nds of courtrooms, swimming pools, golf courses, stadiums, theaters, hotels and retail stores. The proposal would substantially update and rewrite federal standards for enforcement of the Americans With Disabilities Act,which is a landmark civil rights law passed with strong bipartisan support in 19
26、90. The new rules would set more stringent requirements in a lot of areas and address some issues for the first time, in an effort to meet the needs of an aging population and increasing numbers of disabled war veterans.More than seven million businesses and all state and local government agencies w
27、ould be influenced. The proposal includes some exemptions for parts of existing buildings, but any new construction or renovations would have to comply. The new standards would affect everything from the location of light switches to the height of retail service counters, to the use of monkeys as “s
28、ervice animals“ for people with disabilities, which would be forbidden.The White House approved the proposal in May after a five-month review. It will be published in the Federal Register on Tuesday, with 60 days for public comment. After considering those comments, the government would issue final
29、rules with the force of law. Already, the proposal is stirring concern. The United States Chamber of Commerce says it would be onerous and costly, while advocates for disabled Americans say it does not go far enough.Since the disability law was signed by the first President Bush, advances in technol
30、ogy have made services more available to people with disabilities. But Justice Department officials said they were still receiving large numbers of complaints. In recent months, the federal government has settled lawsuits securing more seats for disabled fans at Madison Square Garden in New York and
31、 at the nations largest college football stadium, at the University of Michigan.The Justice Department acknowledged that some of the changes would have significant costs. But over all, it said, the value of the public benefits, estimated at ￥54 billion, exceeds the expected costs of ￥23 billion. In
32、an economic analysis of the proposed rules, the Justice Department said the need for an accessible environment was greater than ever because the Iraq war was “creating a new generation of young men and women with disabilities. “ John L. Wodatch, chief of the disability rights section of the Justice
33、Department, said: “Disability is inherent in the human condition. The vast majority of individuals who are fortunate enough to reach an advanced age will benefit from the proposed requirements. “26 Which of the followings is true about the Bush administrations proposal of new rules?（A）It is made on
34、behalf of the aging people and disabled former army men.（B） It is a revised edition of the Americans With Disabilities Act.（C） It is a landmark civil rights law with the supports from both Parties.（D）It is the first proposal setting stricter requirement for some issues.27 The current public comments
35、 on the proposal are（A）pleasant.（B） impractical.（C） inconsistent.（D）accordant.28 The case of securing more seats for disabled fans is mentioned in paragraph 4 to（A）illustrate the Justice Department officials heavy burden.（B） prove the disabled fans enthusiasm for sport-events.（C） indicate the low ef
36、ficiency of modern technology.（D）exemplify the inadequacy of the accessible service for the disabled.29 We can learn from the last paragraph that the proposed rules would（A）be costly and impose pressure on the government.（B） be profitable and bring interests to citizens.（C） be beneficial to both the
37、 aged and the disabled.（D）be a compensate to those Iraq war victims.30 Which of the followings could be the title of the Text?（A）Expensive Changes Proposed by Bush（B） Plan Seeks More Access for Disabled（C） The Revision of the Americans With Disabilities Act（D）Comments on the Governmental Proposal30
38、Artificial hearts have long been the stuff of science fiction. In “Robocop“, snazzy cardiac devices are made by Yamaha and Jensen, and in “Star Trek“, Jean-Luc Picard, captain of the Enterprise, has one implanted in the year 2328. In the present day, however, their history has been more chequered. T
39、he first serious attempt to build one happened in the 1980s, when Jarvik-7, made by Robert Jarvik, a surgeon at the University of Utah, captured the worlds attention. But Jarvik-7 was a complicated affair that needed to be connected via tubes to machines outside the body. The patient could not go ho
40、me, nor even turn around in bed. Scientists have tried many other designs, but all were seen as temporary expedients intended to tide a patient over until the real thing became available from a human donor.That may be about to change. This week, Americas Food and Drug Administration gave its approva
41、l to a new type of artificial heart made by Abiomed, a firm based near Boston. The agency granted a “humanitarian device exemption“ , a restricted form of approval that will allow doctors to implant the new device in people whose hearts are about to fail but who cannot, for reasons such as intoleran
42、ce of the immunosuppressive drugs needed to stop rejection, receive a transplant. Such people have a life expectancy of less than a month, but a dozen similarly hopeless patients implanted with Abiomeds heart survived for about five months.Unlike Dr. Jarviks device, this newfangled bundle of titaniu
43、m and polyure-thane aims to set the patient free. An electric motor which revolves up to 10,000 times a minute pushes an incompressible fluid around the Abiomed heart, and that fluid, in turn, pushes the bloodfirst to the lungs to be oxygenated, and then a-round the body. Power is supplied by an ele
44、ctric current generated in a pack outside the body. This induces current in the motor inside the heart. All diagnostics are done remotely, using radio signals. There are no tubes or wires coming out of the patient.The charger is usually plugged into the mains, but if armed with a battery it can be c
45、arried around for hours in a vest or backpack, thus allowing the patient to roam freely. Most strikingly, the devices internal battery can last half an hour before it needs recharging. That allows someone time to take a shower or even go for a quick swim without having to wear the charger.Abiomeds c
46、hairman, Michael Minogue, does not claim that his firms product will displace human transplants. Even so, the firm has big ambitions. It is already developing a new version that will be 30% smaller(meaning more women can use it)and will last for five years. That should be ready by 2008320 years earl
47、ier than the writers of “Star Trek“ predicted.31 “Star Trek“ is mentioned in the text in order to（A）depict the long history of artificial hearts in science fiction.（B） enumerate artificial hearts of all sorts on sale.（C） provide background for the discussion of artificial hearts.（D）emphasize the gre
48、at efforts made by Yamaha and Jensen in the development of artificial hearts.32 It can be concluded from the second paragraph that（A）the regulatory approval is limited with respect to the scope of application.（B） the life expectancy will not be improved compared with that indicated by the current re
49、cord.（C） Americas Food and Drug Administration gave its approval to a new type of artificial heart.（D）Doctors will implant the new device in patients whose hearts are about to fail.33 Compared with Jarviks heart, Abiomeds is advanced in that（A）the former does not need connecting tubes outside the body of a patient.（B） the latter needs tubes or wires coming out of patients.（C） the former allows patients to go home and even turn around in bed.（D）the latter sets p
