1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 1 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Ernest Hemingway was one of the most important American writers in the history of contemporary American literature. He was the【1】spo
2、kesperson for the Lost Generation and also the sixth American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature (1954). His writing style and personal life【2】a 【3】influence on American writers of his time. Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in a doctors family in Oak Park, in the【4】of Chicago. The novel【5】esta
3、blished Hemingways 【6】was The Sun Also Rises (1926). The story described a group of【7】Americans and Britons living in France. That is to【8】, it described the life of the members of the【 9】Lost Generation after World War I. Hemingways second major novel was A Farewell to Arms (1929), a love story【10】
4、in wartime Italy. That novel was【11】by Death in the Afternoon (1932) and Green Hills of Africa (1935). His two【12】of short stories Men without Women (1927) and Winner Take Nothing (1933) established his fame【13】the master of short stories. In the late 1930s, Hemingway began to express【14 】about soci
5、al problems. His novel To Have and Have Not (1937)【15】economic and political injustices. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)【16】the conflict of the Spanish Civil War. In 1952, Hemingway published emThe Old Man and the Sea, for【17】he won the 1953 Pulitzer Prize. In 1954, Hemingway was【18】the Nob
6、el Prize of Literature. Later, being【19】and ill, he shot【20】on July 2, 1961.（A）outstanding（B） monotonous（C） awkward（D）modest（A）simulated（B） exerted（C） stimulated（D）exceeded（A）offensive（B） progressive（C） nominal（D）profound（A）suburbs（B） summit（C） mall（D）circus（A）in that（B） what（C） whose（D）that（A）insti
7、tution（B） villa（C） reputation（D）pursuit（A）ambitious（B） expatriate（C） learned（D）wealthy（A）speak（B） observe（C） say（D）remark（A）so-called（B） registered（C） refined（D）classical（A）set（B） published（C） sold（D）cited（A）incorporated（B） combined（C） followed（D）shadowed（A）volumes（B） collections（C） sections（D）chapt
8、ers（A）for（B） of（C） by（D）as（A）courage（B） fear（C） concern（D）confidence（A）commended（B） eliminated（C） condemned（D）assessed（A）portrayed（B） quenched（C） evaluated（D）resolved（A）that（B） which（C） whom（D）what（A）granted（B） offered（C） awarded（D）provided（A）depressed（B） hesitant（C） legitimate（D）sensitive（A）one（B）
9、him（C） oneself（D）himselfPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Despite increased airport security since September 11th, 2001, the technology to scan both passengers and baggage for weapons and bombs remains largel
10、y unchanged. Travellers walk through metal detectors and carry-on bags pass through x-ray machines that superimpose colour-coded highlights, but do little else. Checked-in luggage is screened by “computed tomography“, which peers inside a suitcase rather like a CAT scan of a brain. These systems can
11、 alert an operator to something suspicious, but they cannot tell what it is. More sophisticated screening technologies are emerging, albeit slowly. There are three main approaches: enhanced x-rays to spot hidden objects, sensor technology to sniff dangerous chemicals, and radio frequencies that can
12、identify liquids and solids. A number of manufacturers are using “reflective“ or “backscatter“ x-rays that can be calibrated to see objects through clothing. They can spot things that a metal detector may not, such as a ceramic knife or plastic explosives. But some people think they can reveal too m
13、uch. In America, civil-liberties groups have stalled the introduction of such equipment, arguing that it is too intrusive. To protect travellers modesty, filters have been created to blur genital areas. Machines that can detect minute traces of explosive are also being tested. Passengers walk throug
14、h a machine that blows a burst of air, intended to dislodge molecules of substances on a persons body and clothes. The air is sucked into a filter, which instantaneously analyses it to see whether it includes any suspect substances. The process can work for baggage as well. It is a vast improvement
15、on todays method, whereby carry-on items are occasionally swabbed and screened for traces of explosives. Because this is a manual operation, only a small share of bags are examined this way. The most radical of the new approaches uses “quadrupole resonance technology“. This involves bombarding an ob
16、ject with radio waves. By reading the returning signals, the machines can identify the molecular structure of the materials it contains. Since every compoundsolid, liquid or gascreates a unique frequency, it can be read like a fingerprint. The system can be used to look for drugs as well as explosiv
17、es. For these technologies to make the jump from development labs and small trials to full deployment at airports they must be available at a price that airports are prepared to pay. They must also be easy to use, take up little space and provide quick results, says Chris Yates, a security expert wi
18、th Janes Airport Review. Norman Shanks, an airport security expert, says adding the new technologies costs around $100,000 per machine; he expects the systems to be rolled out commercially over the next 12 months. They might close off one route to destroying an airliner, but a cruel certainty is tha
19、t terrorists will try to find others.21 What is the relationship between the 2nd paragraph and the 3rd, 4th and 5th paragraphs ?（A）A generalization is made in paragraph 2 and then elaborated in paragraph 3,4 and 5.（B） More sophisticated screening technologies are mentioned in paragraph 2 and 3 and t
20、hen examples are provided in paragraph 4 and 5.（C） Specific evidence is provided in paragraph 1, 2 and 3 and then a conclusion is drawn in paragraph 4.（D）Three main approaches are advanced in paragraph 2,3 and then their functions are detailed in paragraph 4 and 5.22 The delay of employment of x-ray
21、 equipment lies in its_.（A）unreliable screening（B） full exposure（C） inadequate efficiency（D）travellersmodesty23 Which of the followings is a determining factor in terms of the prospect of the screening technologies discussed in the text?（A）Their efficiency.（B） Their brand.（C） Their output.（D）Their c
22、omponent.24 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）new methods to prevent terrorism on aero-planes are not a panacea（B） new equipment will be mass-produced commercially over the next 12 months（C） new methods are readily monitored by security staffs at the airport（D）new equipment can onl
23、y detect minute traces of explosive25 The word “albeit“ in the first sentence of the second paragraph most probably means_.（A）although（B） once（C） if（D）as25 For the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the existence of secret CIA prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects100 in all, o
24、fficials sayhave been interrogated with “an alternative set of procedures“. Fourteen of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American naval base at Guantnamo Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before speci
25、al military commissions. Many of these menas Mr. Bush confirmed in a televised speech at the White House on September 6thare al-Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information that could “save American lives“. “In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individua
26、ls to an environment where they can be held secretly (and) questioned by experts,“ the president said. He declined to say where they had been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantnamo, as some 770 other suspected terrorists have been. Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interr
27、ogation methods had been used, saying only that, though “tough“, they had been “safe and lawful and necessary“. Many believe that the main purpose of the CIAs prisons was to hide from prying eyes the torture and other cruel or degrading treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. B
28、ush insisted that America did not torture : “Its against our laws, and its against our values. I have not authorised itand I will not authorise it.“ The Pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army Field Manual, forbidding all forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army pers
29、onnelthough not the CIA. For the first time, it specifically bans forced nakedness, hooding, the use of dogs, sexual humiliation and “waterboarding“ (simulated drowning )all practices that have been used at Guantmamo and Abu Ghraib. So why did the president decide now to reveal the CIAs secret progr
30、amme? Partly, he confessed, because of the Supreme Courts recent ruling that minimum protections under the Geneva Conventions applied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put American agents at risk of prosecution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspe
31、cted terrorists from suing American personnel in federal courts.26 In terms of literary device, the phrase “an alternative set of procedures“ in the first paragraph of the text is a kind of_.（A）hyperbole（B） euphemism（C） black humor（D）stream of consciousness27 Mr. Bushs attitude toward the publics re
32、marks is_.（A）consent（B） hesitation（C） denial（D）approval28 The term “declined“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes_.（A）refused（B） dropped（C） dived（D）compromised29 According to the text, the old Army Field Manual lacks_.（A）some forms of degrading treatment of prisoners（B
33、） the trials of time by the CIA（C） torture by army personnel in Abu Ghraib（D）specific ban on “water-boarding“30 According to the text, the president admits to some “alternative“ method due to_.（A）charity impulse（B） economic recession（C） domestic booming（D）legal pressure30 Seven years ago, a group of
34、 female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institutes school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientist
35、s has cropped up elsewhere. One studyconducted in Sweden, of all placesshowed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role
36、in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities. Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglias school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this years meeting of the Briti
37、sh Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around 1,500 ($2,850) a year. That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is tha
38、t the courses of mens and womens lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking “career breaks“ to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade
39、 of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over 4,000 a year more than female ones. To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and there
40、fore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination. Besides pay, her study also looked at the “ glass-ceiling“ effectnamely that at all stage
41、s of a womans career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a wo
42、man to settle into a professorial chair. Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connollys compared the experience of scientists in universi
43、ties with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Priva
44、te enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.31 The phrase “cropped up“ in the first paragraph most probably means_.（A）planted（B） thrived（C） elevated（D）happened32 Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connollys study?（A）Pay d
45、iscrimination between male and female scientists.（B） Fewer resources for research by women scientists.（C） The super qualities possessed by male scientists.（D）The role of analyzing the results of a survey.33 According to the text, the author places interpretation on_.（A）a term（B） a slang（C） a humor（D
46、）a motto34 In contrast to Dr. Connollys study, the previous ones failed to_.（A）make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities（B） make themselves more eligible for promotion（C） make a difference for a woman to settle into a profe
47、ssorial chair（D）make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality35 Which of followings could be the best title for the text?（A）Take the Lead（B） Free to Flutter（C） The Hardest Move（D）Mind the Gap35 Artificial hearts have long been the stuff of science fiction. In “Robocop“, sna
48、zzy cardiac devices are made by Yamaha and Jensen, and in “Star Trek“, Jean-Luc Picard, captain of the Enterprise, has one implanted in the year 2328. In the present day, however, their history has been more chequered. The first serious attempt to build one happened in the 1980s, when Jarvik-7, made
49、 by Robert Jarvik, a surgeon at the University of Utah, captured the worlds attention. But Jarvik-7 was a complicated affair that needed to be connected via tubes to machines outside the body. The patient could not go home, nor even turn around in bed. Various other designs have been tried since, but all were seen as temporary expedients intended to tide a patient over until the real thing became available from a human donor. That may be about to change. This week, Americas Food and
