1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 201 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The scientist who wants to predict the way which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must 【B1】_ data
2、 both on the resources of consumers and on the motive that 【B2】_ to encourage or discourage money spending.If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow mostpeople with rising incomes,【B3】_incomes, or decreasing incomeshe would probably answer, those with 【B4】_ incomes. 【B5】_, the answer w
3、as: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were 【B6】_ and people with stable incomes borrowed least. This shows us that traditional 【B7】_ about the relation between earning and spending are not always【B8】_. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect pr
4、ices to go up, they will【B9 】_to buy.【B10】_, research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not【B11】_buying. One typical attitude was expressed【B12】_the wife of mechanic in an interview at a time of rising price. “In a few months,“ she said, “well h
5、ave【B13】_to spend on other things.“ Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this【B14】_.Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyer s【B15】_may be produced. This is shown by the following【B16】_comment: “I just dont pay these prices; t
6、hey are too high.“The investigations mentioned above were【B17】_in America. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are【B18】_, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of【B19】_stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer【B20】_.1 【B1 】（
7、A）achieve（B） process（C） resist（D）interpret2 【B2 】（A）tend（B） prefer（C） stick（D）object3 【B3 】（A）dynamic（B） balanced（C） stable（D）stationary4 【B4 】（A）degenerating（B） diminishing（C） subtracting（D）undermining5 【B5 】（A）Actually（B） Eventually（C） Frankly（D）So6 【B6 】（A）subsequent（B） next（C） neighboring（D）foll
8、owing7 【B7 】（A）outlooks（B） statements（C） predictions（D）presumptions8 【B8 】（A）reliable（B） susceptible（C） mistaken（D）trusting9 【B9 】（A）inhibit（B） hesitate（C） hasten（D）dash10 【B10 】（A）Even（B） Moreover（C） Instead（D）Besides11 【B11 】（A）stimulate（B） guarantee（C） convince（D）stir12 【B12 】（A）from（B） by（C） via
9、（D）across13 【B13 】（A）most（B） more（C） little（D）fewer14 【B14 】（A）behavior（B） purchase（C） activity（D）attempt15 【B15 】（A）objection（B） indifference（C） resistance（D）dislike16 【B16 】（A）evident（B） typical（C） basic（D）considerate17 【B17 】（A）designed（B） produced（C） created（D）conducted18 【B18 】（A）disposable（B）
10、predictable（C） reasonable（D）sensible19 【B19 】（A）maintaining（B） sustaining（C） retaining（D）keeping20 【B20 】（A）prediction（B） idea（C） psychology（D）intelligencePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 These days we hear
11、lots of nonsense about the “great classless society“. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely di
12、scarded. In a number of countries the victory has been completed. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn t bear out the claim.It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide every
13、body with the same educational opportunities. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class sys
14、tem and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy “read meritocracy“; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.What is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for
15、 their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certa
16、in extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as
17、 ever it was.In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are caref
18、ully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.21 According to the author, the same educational opportunities cant get rid of inequality beca
19、use_.（A）the principle survival of the fittest exists（B） nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability（C） material rewards are for genuine ability（D）people have the freedom to educate their children22 Who can obtain more rapid success?（A）Those with wealth.（B） Those with the best brains.（C）
20、 Those with the best opportunities.（D）Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.23 New meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent because_.（A）money is a powerful weapon（B） private schools offer advantages over state schools（C） people are free to choose the way of educating thei
21、r children（D）wealth is used for political ends24 According to the author, “class divisions“ refers to_.（A）the rich and the poor（B） different opportunities for people（C） oppressor and the oppressed（D）genius and stupidity25 What is the main idea of this passage?（A）Equality of opportunity in the twenti
22、eth century has not destroyed the class system.（B） Equality means money.（C） There is no such society as classless society.（D）Nature cant give you a classless society.25 The methods of testing a person s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. After all these years, educationists
23、 have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skill of working rapidly under extr
24、eme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person s true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are markers of success or of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. No one ca
25、n give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured.A good education shou
26、ld, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers the
27、mselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective as
28、sessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge s decision you have the right of appeal, but
29、not after an examiners. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person s true abilities.Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best commen
30、t on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.26 The authors attitude towards examinations is_.（A）abhorrent（B） approval（C） critical（D）indifferent27 What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in the second para
31、graph?（A）Examinations leave so great pressure to the students.（B） Anxiety-makers attach much importance to the examination.（C） The makers of examinations are more likely to be anxious.（D）Examinations are the first in importance.28 According to the author, the most important aspect of a good educatio
32、n is_.（A）to encourage students to read widely（B） to train students to think on their own（C） to teach students how to tackle exams（D）to master his fate29 Why does the author mention the court?（A）To give an example.（B） To compare.（C） To show that teachers evolutions depend on the results of examinatio
33、ns.（D）To prove the results of court are more effective.30 The main idea of this passage is_.（A）examinations exert a detrimental influence on education（B） examinations are ineffective（C） examinations are profitable for institutions（D）examinations are a burden on students30 A fundamental problem for u
34、nderstanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be va
35、luable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language.The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two
36、 vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals.Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a f
37、ull range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. Thes
38、e recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates.Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent b
39、oth diverging and converging evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primari
40、ly for developmental studies.It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If
41、 individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the c
42、omplexity of gestural communication.Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and
43、consider the multiple components of speech and language.31 The example of birdsong acquisition is mentioned to_.（A）highlight the necessity of studying other suitable candidates among mammals（B） stress the urgency to find crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning（C）
44、 explain the severe limitations of birdsong（D）emphasize that birds do not have the flexible supralaryngeal structures that facilitate speech 32 We can infer from Paragraph 4 that_.（A）nonhuman primates are of great significance in studying the fountain of speech（B） the relationship between human spee
45、ch and language is extremely complicated（C） fluent human conversation has no relationship with turn-taking（D）the vocal tracts of the mammals can produce human-like vowels33 The word “converging“ (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to_.（A）assembling（B） deviating（C） converting（D）convicting34 The author s
46、attitude toward studying nonhuman primates is one of_.（A）full approval（B） severe criticism（C） passive acceptance（D）slight tolerance35 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）Learning from Monkey “Talk“（B） Nonhuman Primates（C） The Evolution of Human Language（D）Seeking Multiple
47、Models35 Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life.1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your lifes strategy. We have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do we devote to ea
48、ch of these pursuits?Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. If you dont invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I cant help believing that their troub
49、les relate right back to a short-term perspective.When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, theyll unconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that were moving forward. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typica
