1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 203 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Many young people go to university without clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. If a student goes to a university t
2、o 【B1】_ a broader perspective, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think 【B2】_ himself, he will undoubtedly【B3】_.Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its timetables and【B4】_, to allow a student much time for independent assessment of his work. Students should have longer time to d
3、ecide the subjects they want to 【B5】_ for their degrees, so 【B6】_ in later life they do not look back and say “I should like to have been an architect. If I had not taken a 【B7】 _ in Modern Languages, I should not have ended up 【B8】_ the job as an interpreter, 【B9】_ its so late.“ Another question is
4、 how to make the best【B10】_of ones time at university. This is the case of the student who excels【B11】_a particular branch of learning. He is immediately【B12 】_to the university of his choice, and spends his four years becoming specialized in this field, finally emerging with a first-class Honor Deg
5、ree, but very【B13 】_knowledge of what the【B14】_of the world is all about.It【B15】_becomes more and more important that if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be【B16】_detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to ha
6、ve, on the one hand, a【B17 】_of specialists【B18】_of anything【B19】_their own subject, or on the other hand ever-increasing number of graduates qualified in subject for which there is little or no【B20】_in the working world.1 【B1 】（A）acquire（B） require（C） gain（D）demand2 【B2 】（A）of（B） on（C） in（D）for3 【B
7、3 】（A）profit（B） benefit（C） undermine（D）impair4 【B4 】（A）limitations（B） disciplines（C） requirements（D）punishments5 【B5 】（A）choose（B） prove（C） assist（D）grant6 【B6 】（A）which（B） whereas（C） that（D）what7 【B7 】（A）degree（B） class（C） part（D）interest8 【B8 】（A）in（B） for（C） with（D）toward9 【B9 】（A）so（B） thus（C） b
8、ut（D）and10 【B10 】（A）fun（B） much（C） nothing（D）use11 【B11 】（A）in（B） with（C） on（D）off12 【B12 】（A）tested（B） admitted（C） enrolled（D）noticed13 【B13 】（A）much（B） little（C） many（D）few14 【B14 】（A）rest（B） outside（C） part（D）section15 【B15 】（A）therefore（B） however（C） while（D）like16 【B16 】（A）many（B） less（C） littl
9、e（D）more17 【B17 】（A）couple（B） chain（C） series（D）band18 【B18 】（A）fond（B） ignorant（C） true（D）afraid19 【B19 】（A）above（B） below（C） beyond（D）over20 【B20 】（A）demand（B） request（C） requirement（D）claimPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
10、 D. (40 points)20 The people who run Facebook are furious about a new movie that depicts the existence of Face-book. Theyre upset because much of the story about The Social Network is just completely made up. But the really interesting thing about this movie is that the story tells a lager truth abo
11、ut Silicon Valleys get-rich-quick culture and the kind of peoplelike Mark Zuckerbergwho thrive in this environment.The Valley used to be a place run by scientists and engineers. But now the Valley has become a casino, a place where smart kids arrive hoping to make an easy fortune building companies
12、that seem at least not as serious as old-guard companies.The three hottest tech companies today are Facebook, Twitter, and Zynga. Facebook lets you keep in touch with your friends; it will generate about $1.5 billion in revenue this year by bombarding its 500 million members with ads. Twitter is a n
13、oisy circus of spats and celebrity watching, and its hapless founders still cant figure out how to make money. The biggest of Facebook app-makers, reportedly will rake in $500 million this year by getting people addicted to cheesy games like Far-mville and Mafia Wars.Meanwhile, among some longtime t
14、echies, there s a sense that something important has been lost. “The old Silicon Valley was about solving really hard problems, making technical bets. But theres no real technical bet being made with Facebook or Zynga,“ says Nathan Myhrvold, the former chief technology officer at Microsoft who now r
15、uns an invention lab in Seattle. “Today almost everyone in the Valley will tell you there is too much me-tooism, too much looking for a gold rush and not enough people who are looking to solve really hard problems.“Sure, there are still entrepreneurs and investors chasing serious technology challeng
16、es in the Valley. Myhrvold says he means no disrespect to Facebook and Zynga. “What bother me are the millions of wannabes who will follow along, and the expectation that every company ought to be focused on doing really short-term, easy things to achieve giant paydays. I think that s unrealistic, a
17、nd its not healthy.“ What he worries are “the unknown engineers and professors who have good ideas will get funded or will they be talked out of it and told they should do something like Zynga? “We ve already fallen behind in areas like alternative energy, better batteries, and nanotechnolo-gy. Inst
18、ead of racing to catch up, were buying seeds and garden gnomes on Facebook. This wont end well.21 The people who run Facebook are furious because_.（A）there is fierce competition between Facebook and Twitter（B） the movie slandered Facebook（C） the movie disclosed Facebook s secrets（D）what the movie sh
19、ow about Facebook is untrue22 We can infer from Paragraph 2 that_.（A）the Valley is no longer the place for hard science and making things（B） the Valley has been converted into a casino（C） making an easy fortune prevails todays Silicon Valley（D）semiconductor got its name from Silicon Valley23 From th
20、e third paragraph, the authors attitude towards Facebook, Twitter and Zynga is_.（A）critical（B） slightly complimentary（C） positive（D）neutral24 What Myhrvold worries about the Silicon Valley is_.（A）how to get sufficient entrepreneurs and investors（B） everyone in the Valley hardly looks for a gold rush
21、（C） Facebook or Zynga makes lots of technical bets（D）a sense of solving really hard problems is declining25 The main idea about this text is_.（A）America s lag in areas like alternative energy, better batteries and nanotechnology（B） an untrue movie about Facebook and Social Network（C） a tale about Si
22、licon Valleys get-rich-quick（D）the negative impact on Silicon Valley from success of companies, like Facebook25 Conversations about elderly parents and technology usually center on safety, in particular on devices designed to alert a call center in case of trouble. But our parents are more than the
23、sum of their maladies. Instead of keeping the safe, cant some of these devices help keep them happy? Experts say the key to making tech work for Mom and Dad is not to buy the newest cool thing, but to look for a device or software that fulfills a basic need, that does something they particular want
24、to do. And its helpful if the learning curve involves an element or two already familiar to them.“The question is what s the motivation? “ said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the center on aging at the university of California, Los Angeles, and the author of iBrain: surviving the technological alte
25、ration of the modern mind.“For technology to become sticky with the older generation, we have to get into their heads and understand what make them think this is fun,“ he added. “The bells and whistles that might attract us are too counterintuitive.“Dr. Small says that device for the elderly should
26、answer three criteria, in this order: simplicity of use, availability of phone assistance and hardware thats easy to manipulate. Once installation and set-up are completelylikely the responsibility of a tech-sawy adult childenjoyment has to outweigh effort. Beyond that, it is important to evaluate h
27、ow large a technology leap an aging parent will be willing to take. Those who know their way around a VCR or DVD player will be a likelier to embrace a device that requires new equipment or an occasional call to a help number.Dr. Small like single-application devices that meet a personal need for th
28、e technological newcomerlike ones that send and receive e-mail, making it easier to stay in touch with family and see those digital photos of a new grandchild. Reading devices like the kindle are also popular with the older users, because they make an enjoyable, lifelong activity easier by replacing
29、 a heavy book with lightweight tablet. A reader can be ideal for a parent who travels and wants to take more than one book along.The right motivation can overcome a parents doubt or anxiety about adopting new technology. Dr. Small s father, a practicing physician in his 80s, avoided technology until
30、 the hospital where he worked switched to electronic records. Suddenly he had no choice. If he wanted to continue to work, he had to wade in.Dr. Cartensen says that electronic manufacturers have failed to develop products for elder users “because of stereotypes which suggest that older people arent
31、interested, even when they might be,“ and because marketers think “they can simply wait until younger cohorts grow old, knowing the problem will be solved.“ But there are signs of change on the horizon, several of them involving that most familiar of technologies, like the television set.26 The pass
32、age seems to suggest that tech work for elderly parents is_.（A）to keep themselves safe（B） to do something special（C） to keep up with the development of the society（D）to fulfill their basic needs and interest27 Device for the elderly should meet the criteria EXCEPT_.（A）a lot of fun（B） phone assistanc
33、e（C） simplicity usage（D）user-friendly hardware28 According to Dr. Small, the advantage of single-application devices rests on_.（A）sending and receiving e-mails（B） seeing those digital photos of a new grandchild（C） replacing a heavy book with lightweight tablet（D）fulfilling the individualized require
34、ment of elderly persons29 The switch of Dr. Smalls father is mentioned to demonstrate_.（A）his father needs to retire for health（B） the 80-year-old person can still devote themselves to their career（C） electronic records are prevailing in modern hospital（D）helping elderly parents adopt new technology
35、 needs right motivation30 According to Dr. Cartensen, electronic manufacturers should_.（A）wait until young generation grows old（B） give up their marketing endeavors to cater to old population（C） develop new technology particularly for elderly parents（D）try new marketing strategy among the old30 If y
36、ou are interested in job creationand who isnt this days? you should talk to someone like Morris Panner. In 1999, Panner and some others started a Boston software company called Ope-nAir. By 2008 they sold it for $31 million. The firm had then grown to about 50 workers. It turns out that entrepreneur
37、ship (essentially, the funding of new companies) is crucial to the job creation. Of course, Panner s success is often a slog.What s the frustrating and perplexing about the present job dearth is that the US economy has long been a phenomenal employment machine. Here is a record: 83 million jobs are
38、added from 1960 to 2007, with only six year of declines. Conventional analysis blames todays poor performance on weak demand. Because people arent buying, businesses arent hiring. Though true, this omits the vital role of entrepreneurship.In any given year, employment may reflect the ups and downs o
39、f the business cycle. But over longer periods, almost all job growth comes from new businesses. The reason: the high death rate of exiting firms. Even successful firms succumb to threats: new competitions and technology; mature market; the death of flinders; shifting consumers tastes; poor managemen
40、t and unprofitability. A company founded today has an 80% chance of disappearing over the next quarter century, reports a study by Dane Stangler and Paul Kedrosky of the Kauffman Foundation.True, some blue-chips firms endure. Four fifth of the Fortune 500 were founded before 1970. But they are excep
41、tion, and many blue chips have died.The debate over whether small or big firms create more jobs is misleading. The real distinction is between new and old. American workers are roughly split between firms with fewer or more than 500 employees. In healthy times, older companies of all sizes do create
42、 a lot of jobs. But they also lose jobs, as some businesses shrink or vanish. On balance, job creation and destruction cancel. All the network increases occur among startups, finds a study of the 19922005 period by economists John Haltiwanger of university of Maryland and Ron Jarmin and Javier Miran
43、da of the Census Bureau.To be sure, entrepreneurship has a downside: booms and busts. Remember the dotcom “bubble“, but more damaging are widespread popular misconceptions about what it isnt the engine of job adding. Although the entrepreneurial instinct seems powerful and American ambition and crea
44、tive, venture capital for startups is scarce and that political leaders seem largely oblivious to burdensome government policies. This needs to be addressed. Entrepreneurship wont instantly cure American job deficit, but without, there will be no strong recovery.31 OpenAirs success is cited to show_
45、.（A）it precisely seized the need of consumers（B） it had the funding for new companies（C） the firm had increased to 50 workers（D）the job creation had much to do with startups32 Traditional analysis attributes the employment declines to _.（A）businesses shrinking or vanishing（B） the crucial role of ent
46、repreneurship（C） lower consumers demand（D）burdensome government policies33 The reasons for the high death rate of exiting firms is_.（A）political bias（B） new market（C） high level of consumers need（D）lacking of funding34 The authors attitude towards government policies of starting business is_.（A）diss
47、atisfied（B） acceptable（C） indifferent（D）neutral35 The essay mainly introduces the relationship between_.（A）new firms and old firms（B） government policies and business operation（C） job creation and new business of the startups（D）entrepreneurship and the success of new business35 The robots are coming
48、. The second decades of the 21th century will see the rise of merchandized army that will revolutionize the private and public life as radically as the internet and social media have shaken up the past ten years. Or so says Marina Gorbis, futurologist and head of Califor-nian think-tank the Institut
49、e for the Future (IFTF).Gorbis says robots will increasingly dominate everything. Robots are likely to prompt a political storm to equal the row over immigration as they increasingly replace workers. But it s not bad news.“When the IBMs Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the chess grand master Gary Kasparov, as a person thats it, computers are smarter tha
