1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 36 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers
2、 than men? Are women more highly motivated and【C1】_than male managers?Some research【C2】_the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater【C3】_, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a【C4】_to bring emotional factors to bear【C5】_making workplace deci
3、sion. These differences are【C6】_to carry advantages for companies,【C7】_they expand the range of techniques that can be used to【C8 】_the company manage its workforce【 C9】_.A study commissioned by the International Womens Forum【C10】_a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men)
4、 that【C11】_from the command-and-control style【C12】_used by male managers. Using this“interactive leadership“approach, “women【C13】_participation, share power and information,【C14】_other peoples self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these【C15】_reflect their belief that allowing【C16】
5、_to contribute and to feel【C17】_and important is a win-win【C18】_good for the employees and the organization. “ The studys director【C19】_that“ interactive leadership may emerge【C20】_the management style of choice for many organizations. “1 【C1 】（A）confronted（B） commanded（C） confined（D）committed2 【C2
6、】（A）supports（B） argues（C） opposes（D）despises3 【C3 】（A）combination（B） cooperativeness（C） coherence（D）correlation4 【C4 】（A）willingness（B） loyalty（C） sensitivity（D）virtue5 【C5 】（A）by（B） in（C） at（D）with6 【C6 】（A）disclosed（B） watched（C） revised（D）seen7 【C7 】（A）therefore（B） whereas（C） because（D）nonetheles
7、s8 【C8 】（A）help（B） enable（C） support（D）direct9 【C9 】（A）evidently（B） precisely（C） aggressively（D）effectively10 【C10 】（A）developed（B） invented（C） discovered（D）located11 【C11 】（A）derives（B） differs（C） descends（D）detaches12 【C12 】（A）inherently（B） traditionally（C） conditionally（D）occasionally13 【C13 】（A）
8、encourage（B） dismiss（C） disapprove（D）engage14 【C14 】（A）enhance（B） enlarge（C） ignore（D）degrade15 【C15 】（A）themes（B） subjects（C） researches（D）things16 【C16 】（A）managers（B） women（C） employees（D）males17 【C17 】（A）faithful（B） powerful（C） skillful（D）thoughtful18 【C18 】（A）situation（B） status（C） circumstance
9、（D）position19 【C19 】（A）predicted（B） proclaimed（C） defied（D）diagnosed20 【C20 】（A）into（B） from（C） as（D）forPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 The Tuscan town of Vinci, birthplace of Leonardo and home to a museum
10、of his machines, should fittingly put on a show of the television-robot sculptures of Nam Jun Paik. This Koreanborn American artist and the Renaissance master are kindred spirits: Leonardo saw humanistic potential in his scientific experiments, Mr. Paik endeavors to harness media technology for arti
11、stic purposes. A pioneer of video art in the late 1960s, he treats television as a space for art images and as material for robots and interactive sculptures.Mr. Paik was not alone. He and fellow artists picked on the video cameras because they offered an easy way to record their performance art. No
12、w, to mark video arts coming of age, New Yorks Museum of Modern Art is looking back at their efforts in a film series called “The First Decade“. It celebrates the early days of video by screening the archives of Electronic Arts Intermix (EAI), one of the worlds leading distributors of video and new
13、media art, founded 30 years ago.One of EAIs most famous alumni is Bill Viola. Part of the second generation of video artists, who emerged in the 1970s, Mr. Viola experimented with videos expressive potential. His camera explores religious ritual and universal ideas. The Viola show at the Deutsche Gu
14、ggenheim in Berlin shows us moving-image frescoes that cover the gallery walls and envelop the viewer in all-embracing cycles of life and death.One new star is a Californian, Doug Aitken, who took over Londons Serpentine Gallery last October with an installation called “New Ocean“. Some say Mr. Aitk
15、en is to video what Jackson Pollock was to painting. He drips his images from floor to ceiling, creating sequences of rooms in which the space surrounds the viewer in hallucinatory images, of sound and light.At the Serpentine, Mr. Aitken created a collage of moving images, on the theme of waters flo
16、w around the planet as a force of life. “I wanted to create a new topography in this work, a liquid image, to show a world that never stands still,“ he says. The boundary between the physical world and the world of images and information, he thinks, is blurring.The interplay of illusion and reality,
17、 sound and image, references to art history, politics, film and television in this art form that is barely 30 years old can make video art difficult to define. Many call it film-based or moving-image art to include artists who work with other cinematic media. At its best, the appeal of video art lie
18、s in its versatility, its power to capture the passing of time and on its ability to communicate both inside and outside gallery walls.21 The birthplace of Leonardo is mentioned in the text（A）to introduce the topic of video art technology.（B） to pay tribute to this Renaissance master.（C） to honor hi
19、s contribution to scientific discoveries.（D）to outline the development of art television.22 Toward the novel literary idea, the authors attitude seems to be that of（A）Disapproval.（B） Neutrality.（C） Appreciation.（D）Suspicion.23 As pointed out in the text, the video art technology is characterized by
20、its（A）human ingenuity（B） complex definition.（C） strong appeal.（D）extreme interactivity.24 The videos created by Dough Aitken is used to show a combination of（A）television and robotics.（B） illusion and reality.（C） sculptures and paintings.（D）space and planets.25 Which of the following would the best
21、title for the text?（A）A New Generation of Artists.（B） Video Art is Going Nowhere.（C） A Cradle of Famous Artists.（D）New Art for the MTV Generation.26 The long year of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing(定量供应) is
22、 virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness arid confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does i
23、t mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export-surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests in North America is now being
24、followed by a third. Most of Britains overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this and home production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of gove
25、rnment support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that im
26、ported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home -produced variety. And now grain prices too are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generati
27、on have seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 6
28、0 percent by 1956; but repeated ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.26 Why does the author mention “there is wide-spread uneasiness and confusion“(Para. 1)?_（A）The abundant food supply is not expected to last（B） Britain is importing less fo
29、od（C） Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising（D）Britain will cut back on its production of food27 It is clear that the main reason for the rise in food prices is that_（A）people are buying less food（B） the government is providing less financial support for agriculture（C） domestic food producti
30、on has decreased（D）imported food is driving prices higher28 The reason for the governments expansion program working not so well is_（A）because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteed（B） because the farmers were uncertain about the benefits of expanding produc
31、tion（C） because the farmers were uncertain whether foreign markets could be found for their produce（D）because the older generation of farmers were strongly against the program29 The drop of the world food prices was a result of_（A）a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumers（B） a sharp fait
32、 in the cost of food production（C） the overproduction of food in the food-importing countries（D）the overproduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries30 The future for Britains food production at that time looked like that（A）the fall in world food prices would benefit British food produ
33、cers（B） an expansion of food production was at hand（C） British food producers would receive more government financial support（D）it looks depressing despite government guarantees31 The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has
34、 brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the breakup of the family, and the pollution not only of loc
35、al air but also of the earths atmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state whe
36、re long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been fall
37、ing back under the continuing exposures of loss morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has
38、 been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share wit
39、h us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the cri
40、sis confronting us and the world is no passing inconvenience, no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no byproduct of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is
41、a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generation.31 Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?（A）L
42、ack of financial planning.（B） The breakup of the family.（C） Natural disasters in many regions.（D）The excessive growth of motors.32 According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality?（A）Disregard for law.（B） Lack of devotion.（C） Lack of cooperation.（D）Exploitation of resources.33 By
43、 comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws attention to the（A）significance of this crisis.（B） inadequacy of governments.（C） similarity of the past to the present.（D）hopelessness of the situation.34 What contribution does the author feel people must make now?（A）Search for new energy
44、 sources.（B） Ban motor transportation.（C） Accept a new life style.（D）Adopt a new form of government.35 The author wrote the passage in order to（A）call for cooperation of the whole world.（B） inform the readers of the fact that we are facing energy crisis.（C） recommend a new life style.（D）call for dev
45、otion to the nature and our future generation.36 We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchical ranked pantheon of principles. This m
46、odel, though, is bankrupt.I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no univocal rules of gram mar and style which uniquely determine the best sentence for a particular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one cas
47、e, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usage is not subjective.This should not surprise us in the least. All intellectual pursuits are relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain, b
48、ut they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethical inquiry proceeds like this: we are taught moral principles by parents, teachers, and society at large. As we grow older we become exposed to competing views. These may lead us to reevaluate presently held beliefs. Or we may find ourselves inexp
49、licably making certain valuations, possibly because of inherited altruistic tendencies. We may “learn the hard way“ that some actions generate unacceptable consequences. Or we may reflect upon our own and others “theories“ or pat terns of behavior and decide they are inconsistent. The resulting views are “tested;“ we act as we think we should and evaluate the consequences of those actions on ourselves and on others. We thereby correct our mistak
