1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 39 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind th
2、e explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer placea “voluntary trusted identity“ system
3、 that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private onl
4、ine identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that
5、already have these “ single sign-on“ systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “ walled garden“ in cyberspace, with safe “ neighborhoods“ and bright “streetlights“ to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt descri
6、bed it as a “voluntary ecosystem“ in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs. “ Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some a
7、pplaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drives license“ mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem“ envisioned by
8、 Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 . They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1 【B1 】（A）swept（B） skipped（C） walked（D）ridden2 【B2 】（A）for（B） within（C） while（D）though3
9、 【B3 】（A）careless（B） lawless（C） pointless（D）helpless4 【B4 】（A）reason（B） reminder（C） compromise（D）proposal5 【B5 】（A）information（B） interference（C） entertainment（D）equivalent6 【B6 】（A）by（B） into（C） from（D）over7 【B7 】（A）linked（B） directed（C） chained（D）compared8 【B8 】（A）dismiss（B） discover（C） create（D）i
10、mprove9 【B9 】（A）recall（B） suggest（C） select（D）realize10 【B10 】（A）released（B） issued（C） distributed（D）delivered11 【B11 】（A）carry on（B） linger on（C） set in（D）log in12 【B12 】（A）In vain （B） In effect（C） In return（D）In contrast13 【B13 】（A）trusted（B） modernized（C） thriving（D）competing14 【B14 】（A）caution（B
11、） delight（C） confidence（D）patience15 【B15 】（A）on（B） after（C） beyond（D）across16 【B16 】（A）divided（B） disappointed（C） protected（D）united17 【B17 】（A）frequently（B） incidentally（C） occasionally（D）eventually18 【B18 】（A）skepticism（B） relerance（C） indifference（D）enthusiasm19 【B19 】（A）manageable（B） defendable
12、（C） vulnerable（D）invisible20 【B20 】（A）invited（B） appointed（C） allowed（D）forcedPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Ever since they were first staged in 19th century Europe, worlds fairs have enabled people from
13、around the globe to visit wondrous pavilions where they can discover distant lands and new technologies. The 2006 worlds fair is no exception, but it also has a decidedly new- era twist: the whole event happens in cyberspace.A nonprofit project dreamed up by Americans Carl Malamud, a computer consul
14、tant, and Vinton Cerf, and Internet pioneer and telecommunications-company vice president, the Internet 2006 World Exposition is a digital work in progress, a multi-chambered forum that cybernauts can help build and renovate throughout the yearand perhaps long after the fairs official close in Decem
15、ber.While high-tech pavilions set up by sponsoring corporations are featured prominently, as in real fairs, this virtual exposition is closer in spirit and reality to a vast bustling bazaar, a marketplace for the talents and offerings of thousands of individuals and small groups. Anyone with a compu
16、ter and a modem can not only “attend“ but also participate as an exhibitor by creating an individual multimedia Website.Getting the fair up and running was by no means easy. Malamud, 36, spent the past year shuttling among 30 countries, lobbying companies that initially dismissed the project as unwi
17、eldy and unworkable. While some nations immediately supported the idea, others completely missed the point of Malamuds vision: to make the fair a public-works project that focuses on what the Internet can offer expert or novice. Once grass-roots groups started backing the project, though, businesses
18、 were not far behind. By donating equipment and services, these companies will gain access to millions of potential consumers eager to see the firms latest technologies.Since the expositions Jan. 1 launch, as many as 40,000 visitors each day from more than 40 countries have tried the major Websites.
19、 Most virtual visitors log on from the U.S and Japan, but the United Arab Emirates, Sweden, Singapore and Estonia have been represented. Comments logged in the fairs guest book are overwhelmingly positive. “Wow, the world is shrinking“, wrote a visitor from the Netherlands. Since their initial hesit
20、ancy, the major sponsors-primarily telecommunications and software companieshave become firm believers. Beyond the diversity of content and international scope, the fair is a technological marvel.The fastest international link ever installed, this pipeline could be the first step toward laying a per
21、manent network that will eventually hardwire every nation in the world into the Internet. The organizers hope that the infrastructureand awareness-nurtured by this exposition will launch a boom in Net use.21 The organizers thinks that the effect on Net use of the good worlds fair is _.（A）hardly posi
22、tive.（B） dubiously-oriented.（C） quite instantaneous.（D）far-reaching.22 We can learn from the text that _.（A）public visitors intended to reap great profits in the fair.（B） some countries initially hesitated to support the project.（C） technological progress usually precedes an economic boom.（D）sponsor
23、ing corporations once dismissed the technology.23 The technological fair is intended by its organizers to be _.（A）in the interests of public.（B） for the sake of exhibitors.（C） at the mercy of firms.（D）to the prejudice of users.24 The expression “a vast bustling bazaar“ (Para. 3) best connotes _.（A）e
24、ager.（B） diverse.（C） active.（D）spacious.25 In the writer opinion, the virtual exposition in the new era is _.（A）profitable.（B） rewarding.（C） fruitless.（D）successful.25 Many people consider the wider use of biofuels a promising way of reducing the amount of surplus carbon dioxide (C02) being pumped i
25、nto the air by the worlds mechanized transport. The theory is that plants such as sugar cane, maize (corn, to Americans), oilseed rape and wheat take up C02 during their growth, so burning fuels made from them should have no net effect on the amount of that gas in the atmosphere.Theory, though, does
26、 not always translate into practice, and just as governments have committed themselves to the greater use of biofuels, questions are being raised about how green this form of energy really is. The latest comes from the International Council for Science (ICSU) based in Paris.The ICSU report concludes
27、 that, so far, the production of biofuels has aggravated rather than ameliorated global warming. In particular, it supports some controversial findings published in 2007 by Paul Crutzen of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany. Dr. Crutzen concluded that most analyses had underestimated
28、the importance to global warming of a gas called nitrous oxide (N20). The amount of this gas released by farming biofuel crops such as maize and rape probably negates by itself any advantage offered by reduced emissions of C02.Although N20 is not common in the Earths atmosphere, it is a more potent
29、greenhouse gas than CO2 and it hangs around longer. The result is that, over the course of a century, its ability to warm the planet is almost 300 times that of an equivalent mass of C02.N2O is made by bacteria that live in soil and water and, these days, their raw material is often the nitrogen-ric
30、h fertiliser that modern farming requires. Since the 1960s the amount of fertiliser used by farmers has increased sixfold, and not all of that extra nitrogen ends up in their crops. Maize, in particular, is described by experts in the field as a “nitrogen-leaky“ plant because it has shallow roots an
31、d takes up nitrogen for only a few months of the year. This would make maize (which is one of the main sources of biofuel) a particularly bad contributor to global N20 emissions.But it is not just biofuels that are to blame. The ICSU report suggests N20 emissions in general are probably more importa
32、nt than had been realised. Previous studies, including those by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a United Nations-appointed body of experts, may have miscalculated their significance and according to Adrian Williams of Cranfield University, in Britain, even the IPCCs approach sugges
33、ts that the global-warming potential of most of Britains annual crops is dominated by N20 emissions.26 Biofuels are appreciated by governments because（A）burning biofuels does not add CO2 to the atmosphere.（B） biofuels can slow down the pace of global warming.（C） biofuels are a promising and profitab
34、le form of green energy.（D）burning biofuels discharges less N20 than burning oils.27 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that（A）biofuels have played a positive role in fighting the global warming.（B） N20 may have a greater use in fighting the global warming.（C） the ICSU report contains diffe
35、rent findings about C02 from that of Dr. Crutzens.（D）Dr. Crutzens findings in 2007 has not been largely recognized by the world.28 What does the word “potent“ (Line 1, Para. 4) probably mean?（A）Powerful.（B） Widespread.（C） Poisonous.（D）Environmentally friendly.29 Scientists realize that maize（A）contr
36、ibutes little to global N20 emissions.（B） absorbs nitrogen very efficiently in crops.（C） is largely responsible for the surplus N2O.（D）may experience a bad harvest for bacteria.30 Who is to blame besides biofuels?（A）The ICSU researchers.（B） Previous researchers.（C） The IPCC researchers.（D）Global gov
37、ernments.31 I came to live here where I am now between Wounded Knee Creek and Grass Creek. Others came too, and we made there little gray houses of logs that you see, and they are square. It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square.You have noticed that everything an Indian does i
38、s in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the sacred hoop of the nation, and so long as the hoop was unbroken, the people flourished. The f
39、lowering tree was the living center of the hoop, and the circle of the four quarters nourished it. The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and mighty wind gave strength and endurance. This knowledge came to us from the outer world with ou
40、r religion.Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nests in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours. The sun comes
41、forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves. Our tepee
42、s were round like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nations hoop, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch our children.But the Wasichus have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more.
43、You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. When we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to mature.31 From the passage, we can see that the Indians _.（A）dont have modem facilities
44、 in their homes（B） are content to live where they are（C） are strongly dissatisfied with their present status（D）are demanding better housing conditions32 To the narrator, roundness stands for _.（A）a future better life（B） the past glorious life（C） the past achievements of the Indians（D）nature around t
45、he Indians33 In the third sentence of Paragraph 2, the “four quarters“ refers to _.（A）the four corners of the Indians houses（B） the four elements that are believed to make up everything（C） the four seasons（D）the four directions34 In the first sentence of Paragraph 4, “Wasichus“ probably refers to _.
46、（A）the Indians enemies（B） the white men（C） the Great Spirit（D）the Power of the World35 What is the narrators feeling about their present living?（A）Discontentment.（B） Pleasantness.（C） Anger.（D）No feeling.36 In a paper just published in Science, Peter Gordon of Columbia University uses his study of th
47、e Piraha and their counting system to try to answer a tricky linguistic question. The Piraha, a group of hunter-gatherers who live along the banks of the Maiei River in Brazil, use a system of counting called “one-two-many“. In this, the word for “one“ translates to “roughly one“ (similar to “one or
48、 two“ in English), the word for “two“ means “a slightly larger amount than one“ (similar to “a few“ in English), and the word for “many“ means “a much larger amount“.This question was posed by Benjamin Lee Whorl in the 1930s. Whorl studied Hopi, an Amerindian language very different from the Eurasia
49、n languages that had hitherto been the subject of academic linguistics. His work led him to suggest that language not only influences thought but, more strongly, that it determines thought.While there is no dispute that language influences what people think about, evidence suggesting it determines thought is inconclusive. For example, in 1972, Eleanor Rosch and Karl Heider investigated the colour-naming abilities of the Dani people of Indonesia. The Dani have words for only two colours.-black and white. But
