1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 43 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The population of the United States is only 6% the worlds population, but Americans (1)_ one third of all the energy (2)_ in the wo
2、rld. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because the price of energy had been rising very rapidly (3)_ the limited supplies of oil in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to (4)_ energy. In California we have a California Energy Commission which has set u
3、p in the past five years to (5)_ plan for our future energy rise. We have (6)_ laws in California to help us conserve energy. First of all, our houses in California have been very (7)_ of energy in the past. They were not (8)_ very carefully and so the heat would go out of the house very rapidly. No
4、w we require that the homes have a (9)_ level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much more (10)_.(11)_, in transportation (12)_ a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course, you have a very good public-transportation system.
5、And it is a(n) (13)_ for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are also becoming more (14)_ The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our (15)_ more carefully.Many different studies have shown
6、that we could (16)_ our energy consumption by (17)_ half or two thirds and still have the (18)_ quality of life. And many different types of technologies are currently being researched as to (19)_ they can be built to use (20)_ energy and still supply the same service.（A）conserve（B） consume（C） produ
7、ce（D）supply（A）preserves（B） sources（C） deserts（D）reserves（A）owing to（B） resulting in（C） in spite of（D）in the case of（A）consume（B） conserve（C） exhaust（D）retain（A）generate（B） help（C） conceive（D）originate（A）staged（B） composed（C） developed（D）devised（A）frugal（B） economical（C） wasteful（D）saving（A）insulated
8、（B） insulted（C） resulted（D）separated（A）largest（B） smallest（C） maximum（D）minimum（A）effective（B） sufficient（C） efficient（D）deficient（A）However（B） Also（C） Therefore（D）For example（A）why（B） where（C） who（D）which（A）example（B） responsibility（C） opportunity（D）obligation（A）fashionable（B） luxurious（C） efficien
9、t（D）effective（A）transportation（B） travel（C） energy（D）automobiles（A）condense（B） reduce（C） crush（D）swell（A）at least（B） at most（C） at full（D）at length（A）bottom（B） same（C） mean（D）adequate（A）where（B） why（C） when（D）how（A）adequate（B） sufficient（C） less（D）lackingPart ADirections: Read the following four tex
10、ts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Leave it to writer Buchwald to bring humor to hospice. Last February, the famed satirist was diagnosed with terminal kidney failure, given three weeks to live, and transferred to a hospice for a quiet goodbye. Then the
11、unexpected happened. His kidneys almost miraculously started working again. The poisons in his blood that were supposed to carry him out in peaceful slumber(死亡) washed out of his system, leaving instead a funny bone stunned and amused by the absurdity of the situation. Its not every day that someone
12、 flunks hospice. Seasoned author that he is, Buchwald turned the irony into a book.Only 10 months ago, he was a sad, 80-year-old man with a newly amputated(切除) leg and kidneys on the fritz(发生故障). Despite his familys pleas, he entered a hospice facility, at ease with his Choice to die naturally.Most
13、people dont know much about hospice, the place. It doesnt cure; it cares, relieving physical pain and mental anguish. Most often, cancer or cardiovascular(心血管病) disease carries hospice patients to their end, usually in weeks. But some are put on hold like Buchwald. Buchwald left after five months. I
14、n one large study, 6 percent of hospice patients improved enough to be taken off the terminal list and sent home.Buchwald was shocked when the big sleep didnt come. Before Buchwald became the hospices superstar, he had been the poster boy for depression. But with the help of physicians and medicatio
15、n, he didnt drown.Laugh or cry. Facing natural death, he now offers a message many of his contemporaries need to hear. Older men, particularly those in their 80s, have the highest rate of suicide. Risk factors for them notably include health issues. In fact, suicide often comes soon after theyve see
16、n a doctor. On that point, Buchwald notes the medical dearth of smiles and laughter“. Look at how often doctors and nurses walk into a patients room all serious“, he says. His prescription? They“ need to go to Disney World to be trained“.Laughter, of course, is the best medicine, and some studies ev
17、en show humor is a biological stress reliever. As Buchwald sees it, many humorists use it as therapy to block out periods of hurt or anger.You would not know there were hurts or anger judging by his hospice time. Friends and family smothered Buchwald with love. VIPs beat a path to the hospice door.
18、And they all came bearing food, lots of cheesecake. He thrived. After he planned his funeral, he started up writing again and found he could write wonderfully.Buchwald is now teaching all of us how to liveand to die. Yet hes quick to add“, I have had such a good time at the hospice. I am going to mi
19、ss it“.21 The word “Seasoned“ (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.（A）seasonal.（B） professional.（C） experienced.（D）sarcastic.22 We can infer from the text that hospice is a place _.（A）where patients who dont want or cant afford a treatment are cared for.（B） where treatment focuses on the pati
20、ents well-being rather than the cure.（C） Where patients with terminal diseases live happily until they die.（D）where less than six percents of patients make the recovery.23 In Buchwalds opinion, which of the following is true?（A）the suicidal rate for elders of his age is the highest among all ages.（B
21、） doctors and nurses need to go to Disney World to relax from tension.（C） laughter is a fine remedy for the patients to get rid of fear of death.（D）laughter releases biological stress according to scientific studies.24 What had Buchwald experienced before entering the hospice?（A）he was diagnosed wit
22、h terminal heart failure.（B） the poisons in his blood caused kidney failure.（C） one of his legs fractured for lack of calcium.（D）he was depressed and wanted to die naturally.25 By saying“ I am going to miss it“ in the last paragraph, Buchwald wants to indicate that _.（A）he got better from the illnes
23、s and was taken off the terminal list there.（B） he learned to be positive with the help of physicians and medication.（C） he was surrounded by the love of his friends, families and VIPs.（D）all through the hospice time he was full of smile and laughter.26 A weather map is an important tool for geograp
24、hers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in
25、intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All student
26、s of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The Unite
27、d States weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook“ which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks
28、are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have
29、taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of sup
30、er-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographical precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.26 One characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author i
31、n this passage is_.（A）wind speed（B） thermal changes（C） fronts（D）barometric pressure27 The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_.（A）upper air levels（B） satellite reports（C） changing fronts（D）daily air maps28 The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it_.（A）
32、gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwise（B） enables man to alter the weather（C） uses electronic instruments（D）is modern29 A weather map is synoptic because it_.（A）summarizes a great deal of information（B） can be interpreted accurately（C） appears daily（D）shows changing fronts30
33、At the present time, experiments are being conducted in_.（A）30-day “outlook“（B） controlling storms（C） satellites（D）manipulating weather30 Real policemen, both Britain and the United States hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TVif they ever get home in time. Ther
34、e are similarities, of course, but the cops dont think much of them.The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know
35、 nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he has to talk to.Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal. He will s
36、pend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guiltyor notof stupid, petty crimes.Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal; as soon as hes arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is
37、 seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attackswhere failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the policelittle effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men.Having made an arrest
38、, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who dont want to get involved in a court case. So as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of th
39、e day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him.A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: fi
40、rst as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality, secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.If the detective has to deceive the world, the world
41、often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindednessas he sees itof citizens, social workers, doctors, law makers, and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime punish t
42、he criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.31 It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law_.（A）so that he
43、 can catch criminals in the streets（B） because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous（C） so that he can justify his arrests in court（D）because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer 32 The everyday life of a policeman or detective is_.（A）exciting and glamorous（
44、B） full of danger（C） devoted mostly to routine matters（D）wasted on unimportant matters 33 When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police_.（A）prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away（B） spend a lot of effort on trying to track down their man（C） try to make a quick arrest in order to
45、keep up their reputation（D）usually fail to produce results 34 The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight“ because_.（A）he is an expensive public servant（B） he must always behave with absolute legality（C） he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it（D）he feels himself to be cu
46、t off from the rest of the world 35 Detectives are rather cynical because_.（A）nine tenths of their work involves arresting people（B） hardly anyone tells them the truth（C） society does not punish criminals severely enough（D）too many criminals escape from jail 36 In a perfectly free and open market ec
47、onomy, the type of employergovernment or privateshould have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences
48、 in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discrimi
49、nated against, government employment would have a positive effect on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchss results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private emp
