1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 44 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 A recent television commercial begins【C1】_the announcement, “ Johnny was just beaten up by the biggest kid【C2】_the blockhis father.
2、 “ It【C3】_to show photographs of a boy who has bruises and scars all over his head and body. The intent of the commercial is to【C4 】_community awareness of the widespread【C5】_of child abuse. When this issue first surfaced in the early 1960s, it was viewed as pathological behavior; “How could anybody
3、 in his right mind【C6 】_hurt a child too small and too weak to【C7】_itself?“ Today the battered child as well as the battered wife is being viewed in the【C8】_of violenceviolence in the family.A recent study of child abuse (Gelles and Straus, 1979) points out that with the【C9】_of the military and the
4、police, there is【C10】_violent【C11】_group than the American family. “A person is more【C12 】_to be hit or killed in his or her own home by another family member than anywhere else or by【C13】_else (Gelles and Straus, 1979). Nearly one out of【C14】_four murder victims is killed by a member of his or her
5、own family.The dividing line between a disciplinary slap that most Americans would probably find【C15】_and child abuse is a difficult one to【C16】_both in the home and in the school. An eight-year-old in Rochester, New York, came home from school with black and blue【C17】_on his arm. The childs buttock
6、s were raw and bleeding. The boys father, a county sheriff, called the police, who informed him that they had no right to proceed【C18 】_anyone. The 【C19】_had been inflicted by the principal, and the state law says that corporal punishment in the schools is legal【C20 】 _the use of deadly force (Hechi
7、nger, 1980). Where, then, does this society draw the line between corporal punishment for disciplinary purposes and child abuse?1 【C1 】（A）at（B） with（C） for（D）as2 【C2 】（A）at（B） in（C） on（D）across3 【C3 】（A）comes on（B） goes on（C） turns（D）refers4 【C4 】（A）remind（B） accelerate（C） raise（D）lift5 【C5 】（A）acci
8、dent（B） incidence（C） rate（D）chance6 【C6 】（A）willing（B） willy-nilly（C） willfully（D）wildly7 【C7 】（A）preserve（B） shelter（C） argue（D）defend8 【C8 】（A）way（B） context（C） content（D）name9 【C9 】（A）roles（B） example（C） exception（D）help10 【C10 】（A）no more（B） far more（C） not more（D）more11 【C11 】（A）social（B） milit
9、ary（C） cultural（D）legal12 【C12 】（A）alike（B） feasible（C） like（D）likely13 【C13 】（A）anything（B） anyone（C） whoever（D）whatever14 【C14 】（A）per（B） any（C） every（D）each15 【C15 】（A）acceptable（B） admitable（C） possible（D）reasonable16 【C16 】（A）make（B） draw（C） decide（D）cross17 【C17 】（A）cuts（B） scars（C） signs（D）ma
10、rks18 【C18 】（A）with（B） to（C） against（D）toward19 【C19 】（A）scars（B） scar（C） wounds（D）wound20 【C20 】（A）except for（B） in addition（C） besides（D）forPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In the relationship of education
11、 to business we observe today a fine state of paradox. On the one hand, the emphasis which most business places upon a college degree is so great that one can almost visualize the time when even the office boy will have his baccalaureate. On the other hand, we seem to preserve the belief that some d
12、eep intellectual chasm separates the businessman from other products of the university system. The notion that business people are quite the Philistines sounds absurd. For some reason, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in the nation
13、al conscience. In the cast of characters the businessman comes on stage as a ill-mannered and simple-minded person. It is not a pleasant conception and no more truthful or less unpleasant than our other stereotypes.Business is made up of people with all kinds of backgrounds, all kinds of motivations
14、, and all kinds of tastes, just as in any other form of human endeavour. Businessmen are not mobile balance sheets and profit statements, but perfectly normal human beings, subject to whatever strengths, frailties, and limitations characterize man on the earth. They are people grouped together in or
15、ganizations designed to complement the weakness of one with strength of another, tempering the exuberance of the young with the caution of the more mature, the poetic soarings of one mind with the counting house realism of another. Any disfigurement which society may suffer will come from man himsel
16、f, not from the particular vocation to which he devotes his time.Any group of people necessarily represents an approach to a common one, and it is probably true that even individually they tend to conform somewhat to the general pattern. Many have pointed out the danger of engulfing our original thi
17、nkers in a tide of mediocrity. Conformity is not any more prevalent or any more exacting in the business field than it is in any other. It is a characteristic of all organizations of whatever nature. The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and requires le
18、ss in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable size the government, or the academic world, or certainly the military. 21 The paradox in the relationship of education to business is that（A）businessmen are both unmindful of history and sophisticated in it.（B） businessmen show both c
19、ontempt and respect for noble activities.（C） there are both highly intellectual and uneducated businessmen.（D）there are both noticeable similarities and differences between businessmen and intellectuals. 22 The word “Philistines“ (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably means（A）intellectuals.（B） those who ar
20、e sophisticated.（C） those who are ungraceful.（D）those who are uneducated. 23 There isnt a stereotyped businessman because（A）businessmen represent a cross section of society.（B） businessmen are not ordinary people.（C） businessmen are people with strong personality.（D）there is considerable mobility in
21、 the vocation. 24 According to the text, the distortion of the image of the businessmen is the result of（A）prevalent egoism among businessmen.（B） sheer misunderstanding from others.（C） racial discrimination.（D）the fierce social competition. 25 According to the last paragraph, which of the following
22、is true?（A）People in all vocations are unwilling to conform to a general pattern.（B） Conformity is a special characteristic of business.（C） Businessmen are all original thinkers.（D）Businessmen are provided with greater opportunities than people in other professions. 26 “My own feelings went from dis
23、belief to excitement to downright fear“, says Carl Hergenrother, 23, an Arizona undergraduate who verified a large asteroid barreling toward Earth with a 230cm telescope atop nearby Kitt Peak. “It was scary, because there was the possibility that we were confirming the demise of some city somewhere,
24、 or some state or small country“.Well, not quite. Early last week, his celestial interloper whizzed by Earth, missing the planet by 450620 kma hairbreadth in astronomical terms. Perhaps half a kilometer across, it was the largest object ever observed to pass that close to Earth.Duncan Steel, an Aust
25、ralian astronomer, has calculated that if the asteroid had struck Earth, it would have hit at some 93450 km/h. The resulting explosion, scientists estimate, would have been in the 3000-to-12000-megaton range. That, says astronomer Eugene Shoemaker, a pioneer asteroid and comet hunter, “is like takin
26、g all of the U.S. and Soviet nuclear weapons, putting them in one pile and blowing them all up“.And what if one them is found to be on a collision course with Earth? Scientists at the national laboratories at Livermore, California, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, have devised a number of ingenious plans
27、 that, given enough warning time, could protect Earth from a threatening NEO. Their defensive weapons of choice include long-distance missiles with conventional or, more likely, nuclear warheads that could be used either to nudge an asteroid into a safe orbit or blast it to smithereens.Many people-i
28、ncluding some astronomersare understandably nervous about putting a standby squadron of nuclear tipped missiles in place. Hence the latest strategy, which in some cases would obviate the need for a nuclear defense: propelling a fusillade of cannonball-size steel spheres at an approaching asteroid. I
29、n a high-velocity encounter with a speeding NEO, explains Gregory Canavan, a senior scientist at Los Alamos, “the kinetic energy of the balls would change into heat energy and blow the thing apart“.Some astronomers oppose any immediate defensive preparations, citing the high costs and low odds of a
30、large objects striking Earth in the coming decades. But at the very least, Shoemaker contends, NEO detection should be accelerated. “Theres this thing called the giggle factor in Congress“, he says, “people in Congress and also at the top level in NASA still dont take it seriously. But we should mov
31、e ahead. Its a matter of prudence“.The world, however, still seems largely unconcerned with the danger posed by large bodies hurtling in from space, despite the spectacle two years ago of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 riddling the planet Jupiter with mammoth explosions. It remains to be seen whether last w
32、eeks record near-miss has changed any minds.26 From the first three paragraphs, we learn that _.（A）the earth narrowly escaped a catastrophe.（B） one asteroid almost destroyed an entire city.（C） asteroids are comparable to nuclear weapons.（D）the planet earth is vulnerable to dangers.27 When mentioning
33、 the “the 3000-to-12000-megaton range“ (Para. 3), the writer is talking about _.（A）striking spectacles.（B） conventional weapons.（C） explosive impact.（D）defensive strategies.28 The description of Congresss “giggle factor“ (Para. 6) shows the writers _.（A）appreciation.（B） disbelief.（C） excitement.（D）r
34、idicule.29 According to the text, “nuclear tipped missiles“ and “cannonball-size steel spheres“ (Para. 5) _.（A）are different in nature.（B） serve similar functions.（C） are identical to each other.（D）pose real challenges.30 It seems that the writer is _.（A）active to fend off invading asteroids.（B） lar
35、gely unconcerned with the danger.（C） interested in military initiatives.（D）enthusiastic about spotting asteroids.30 Most towns up to Elizabethan times were smaller than a modern village, and each of them was built a-round its weekly market where local produce was brought for sale and the town folks
36、sold their work to the people from the countryside and provided them with refreshment for the day. Trade was virtually confined to that one day even in a town of a thousand or so people. On market days craftsmen put up their stalls in the open air whilst on one or two other days during the week the
37、townsman would pack up his loaves, or nails, or cloth, and set out early to do a days trade in the market of an adjoining town where, however, he would be charged a heavy toll for the privilege and get a less favourable spot for his stand than the local craftsmen. Another chance for him to make a sa
38、le was to the congregation gathered for Sunday morning worship. Although no trade was allowed anywhere during the hours of the service (except at annual fair times), after church there would be some trade at the church door with departing country folk.The trade of markets was almost wholly concerned
39、 with exchanging the products of the nearby countryside and the goods sold in the market but particularly in food retail dealing was distrusted as a kind of profiteering. Even when there was enough trade being done to afford a livelihood to an enterprising man ready to buy wholesale and sell retail,
40、 town authorities were reluctant to allow it.Yet there were plainly people who were tempted to “forestall the market“ by buying goods outside it, and to “regrate“ them, that is to resell them, at a higher price. The constantly repeated rules against these practices and the endlessly recurring prosec
41、utions mentioned in the records of all the larger towns prove that some well-informed and sharp-witted people did these things.Every town made its own laws and if it was big enough to have craft guilds, these associations would regulate the business of their members and tried to enforce a strict mon
42、opoly of their own trades. Yet while the guild leaders, as craftsmen, followed fiercely protectionist policies, at the same time, as leading townsmen, they wanted to see a big, busy market yielding a handsome revenue in various dues and tolls. Conflicts of interest led to endless, minute regulations
43、, changeable, often inconsistent, frequently absurd. There was a time in the fourteenth century, for example, when London fishmongers were not allowed to handle any fish that had not already been exposed for sale for three days by the men who caught it.31 We know from Paragraph 1 that craftsmen（A）so
44、ld all of their goods on market days.（B） could sell their goods during Sunday morning services.（C） could do trades in neighbour towns freely.（D）didnt have chance to do trades every day.32 Craftsmen might prefer to trade in their own town because（A）there they could easily find good refreshment.（B） th
45、ere they could work in the open air.（C） there they could start work very early.（D）there they could have the well-placed stalls.33 In medieval markets, there was little retail trade because（A）money was never used in sales.（B） producers sold directly to consumers.（C） there was not enough trade being d
46、one.（D）town authorities were unwilling to make a profit.34 The expression “forestall the market“(Line 1, Para. 3) probably means（A）to buy goods from a stall outside the market place.（B） to acquire goods in quantity before the market.（C） to have the best and the first stall in the market.（D）to sell a
47、t a higher price than competitors.35 It is suggested in the last paragraph that craft guilds（A）enforced regulations that were unfair and unreasonable.（B） enforced regulations in the interest of the customers.（C） regulated the business of their town to profit the craftsmen.（D）were developed to forbid
48、 the monopoly.36 A mysterious “black cloud“ approaches the earthour planets weather is severely affected.Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British Isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hun
49、dred marks. People complained, but there was no serious disaster.The death number in the U.S. remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred. Co
