1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 51 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of easy oil is over. What we all do next wil
2、l (1)_ how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2)_.Demand is (3)_ like never before. As populations grow and economies take (4)_ millions in the developing world are enjoying the (5)_ of a lifestyle that requires increasing amounts of energy. (6)_, some say that in
3、 20 years the world will (7)_ 40% more oil and gas fields are maturing. And new energy (8)_ are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (9)_, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets tighter supplies, the result is more (10)_ for the same resources
4、.We can wait (11)_ a crisis forces us to do something. Or we can (12)_ to working together, and start by asking the tough questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of (13)_ nations? What role will renewables and (14)_ energies play? What is the best way to protect
5、our environment? How do we accelerate our conservation efforts? (15)_ actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16)_ to the next 50 years.We believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the cornerstones (17)_ which to build this new world. We cannot do this (18)_. Corporat
6、ions, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution (19)_ surely as they are part of the problem. We call upon scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of (20)_ the next era of energy.（A
7、）decline（B） determine（C） declaim（D）decide（A）beyond（B） after（C） behind（D）besides（A）raising（B） breaking（C） towering（D）soaring（A）in（B） off（C） on（D）upon（A）profits（B） benefits（C） earnings（D）goods（A）In fact（B） To sum up（C） Generally（D）By the way（A）cost（B） consume（C） commend（D）recommend（A）discoveries（B） re
8、coveries（C） deposits（D）disclosure（A）distract（B） abstract（C） contract（D）extract（A）match（B） contest（C） conflict（D）competition（A）until（B） when（C） after（D）before（A）addict（B） entrust（C） commit（D）confide（A）industrial（B） industrialized（C） industrious（D）industries（A）selective（B） captive（C） optional（D）altern
9、ative（A）Whatever（B） Whosever（C） However（D）Whenever（A）instead of（B） if（C） but（D）however（A）on（B） around（C） in（D）by（A）lonely（B） alone（C） lonesome（D）only（A）as（B） so（C） too（D）such（A）revealing（B） retracing（C） retorting（D）reshapingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
10、each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 People have good reason to care about the welfare of animals. Ever since the Enlightenment, their treatment has been seen as a measure of mankinds humanity. It is no coincidence that William Wilberforce and Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton, two leaders of t
11、he movement to abolish the slave trade, helped found the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in the 1820s. An increasing number of people go further: mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals that have the capacity to suffer. Both views have led people gradually to extend tr
12、eatment once reserved for mankind to other species. But when everyday lives are measured against such principles, they are fraught with contradictions. Those who would never dream of caging their cats and dogs guzzle bacon and eggs from ghastly factory farms. The abattoir and the cattle truck are se
13、cret places safely hidden from the meat-eaters gaze and the childs story book. Plenty of people who denounce the fur-trade (much of which is from farmed animals) quite happily wear leather (also from farmed animals). Perhaps the inconsistency is understandable. After hundreds of years of thinking ab
14、out it, people cannot agree on a system of rights for each other, so the ground is bound to get shakier still when animals are included. The trouble is that confusion and contradiction open the way to the extremist. And because scientific research is remote from most peoples lives, it is particularl
15、y vulnerable to their campaigns. In fact, science should be the last target, wherever you draw the boundaries of animal welfare. For one thing, there is rarely an alternative to using animals in research. If there were, scientists would grasp it, because animal research is expensive and encircled by
16、 regulations. Animal research is also for a higher purpose than a full belly or an elegant outfit. The world needs new medicines and surgical procedures just as it needs the unknowable fruits of pure research. And science is, by and large, kind to its animals. The couple of million (mainly rats and
17、mice) that die in Britains laboratories are far better looked- after and far more humanely killed than the billion or so (mainly chickens ) on Britains farms. Indeed, if Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows, you can be fairly sure animal welfare in Britain has just
18、 taken a step backwards.21 The first paragraph is written to_.（A）put forward sound reason to care about the welfare of animals（B） emphasize the glory of the Enlightenment（C） introduce the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals（D）provide background knowledge for the discussion to be e
19、xpanded22 The inconsistency in our routine lives is defined by enumerating_.（A）the deeds conducted by Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton（B） the people who condemn the fur-trade but merrily wear leather（C） the understanding of the ancient times concerning a system of rights（D）the comprehension of the way to t
20、he extremist23 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that_.（A）the publics ignorance of scientific research results in attacks on science（B） a measure of mankinds humanity is taken into account（C） confusion and contradiction result from vulnerable campaigns（D）the debate is bound to aggravate in
21、 the next decade24 With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?（A）Even if they deplore the activitists use of intimidation and violence, animal lovers everywhere can sure rejoice today.（B） Science does not deserve to be the target of protests, whatever you think of an
22、imal rights.（C） Over the years something good has come from the campaign against the animal industry.（D）It is a sensible move that Darley Oaks makes up its loss of guinea pigs with turkeys or dairy cows.25 In the text, a comparison is made so as to_.（A）abolish the slave trade（B） elaborate a higher p
23、urpose of animal research（C） warn that mankind has a duty not to cause pain to animals（D）assert that science is, by and large, kind to its animals26 This past academic year, 146 New York City kids from 4 to 14 dutifully attended Rosalyn Chaos Mandarin class at St. Patricks Old Cathedral Academy. Man
24、y of the students were first-generation Americans; for several, Mandarin would be their third language, after English and Spanish.Get used to this picture; around the world, more adults and kids are learning Chinese. Beijing is pouring money into new Confucius Institutes (Chinese language and cultur
25、e centers), and two U.S. senators recently proposed spending $1.3 billion on Chinese-language programs over the next five years. From Ulan Bator to Chicago, it sometimes seems as if everyone is trying to learn the language now spoken by a fifth of the worlds population.Their reasoning is easy to und
26、erstand. China is booming, and citizens around the globe want a piece of the action. Speaking Mandarin can facilitate communication with newly wealthy Chinese tourists or smooth bilateral trade relations. In a form of intense cultural diplomacy, Beijing is also promoting its films, music, art and la
27、nguage as never before. Front and center are the Confucius Institutes, modeled on the British Council, Germanys Goethe Institutes or the Alliance Francaise. Chinas Ministry of Education is sending thousands of language instructors to foreign programs and inviting foreign students from Asia, Africa a
28、nd elsewhere to study in its universities.As a result, Beijing predicts that 100 million individuals will be studying Mandarin as a second language by the end of the decade. The U.S. Department of Education announced earlier this year that it hopes to have 5 percent of all elementary, secondary and
29、college students enrolled in Mandarin studies by 2010.The Chinese boom hasnt escaped criticism, however. For one thing, the language is hard, with more than 2,500 characters generally employed in daily writing and a complex tonal speaking system. Then theres the danger that other important languages
30、, such as Russian or Japanese, will be neglected; for example, there are now 10 times more students learning Mandarin than Japanese in the United States. And other countries fear a growing encroachment(侵蚀) of Chinese power; some Africans have complained about Beijings “neocolonialist(新殖民主义)“ attitud
31、es, for example, and this could breed resentment against Confucius Institutes on their soil.Yet most Mandarin students, like those at St. Pats, arent letting such concerns dissuade them. Mandarin represents a new way of thinking. Chao says that“ we must begin preparing our students for the interconn
32、ected world“. Accordingly, she has encouraged her Mandarin students to correspond with pen pals in Shanghai. Chao says that“ in reading the Chinese students letters, we learned quickly that American students are far behind their Asian counterparts“. If they hope to catch up to their Chinese competit
33、ors, her studentslike the growing legions of Mandarin pupils around the globeare going to have to study hard indeed.26 The phrase“ first-generation Americans“ (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.（A）those who are American but whose parents are not.（B） those who come to America as immigrants.（
34、C） those who are the youngest generation in the family.（D）those who were born in America.27 More and more people in the world learn Mandarin mainly because _.（A）they want to facilitate communication with Chinese tourists.（B） they want to profit from the prosperous Chinese economy.（C） the Chinese gov
35、ernment is investing heavily to promote Chinese.（D）they can get financial support from their own governments.28 It can be inferred from the text that the Alliance Francaise is _.（A）the French council to promote culture.（B） an institute of cultural diplomacy.（C） modeled on Confucius Institute.（D）a la
36、nguage teaching agency.29 According to the text, some people lay blame on Chinese boom in that _.（A）chinese is difficult for its complex grammatical and tonal system.（B） some countries fear that China will take their global market share.（C） the position of other languages has been marginalized by Ch
37、inese.（D）some countries fear to be politically and economically controlled by China.30 The author wants to convey in the last paragraph that _.（A）china is booming and everyone wants to participate in it.（B） china is well on the way of promoting its culture and language.（C） the development of China a
38、ttracts more people to study Chinese.（D）today people must get prepared for the interconnected world.31 As with many a grown-up sporting star, the first hint of greatness came at an early age for Lewis Hamilton. As an eight-year-old at his first kart race, he charged “more like a mature driver than a
39、 novice“, remembers Martin Hines, owner of the Zip Kart racing company. Scything his way through the field just outside London, Hamilton had a confident style that seemed different from normal rookies, Hines says. “There was a little spark about him“. Now 22, and in his debut season in Formula Onehe
40、 became the first black driver to make it onto the grid in motor racings blue-ribbon championship.His success and profile that have earned young Hamilton comparisons with other sporting greats. His colorHamiltons grandfather came to Britain from Grenada in the 50sand the positive influence of his fa
41、ther, Anthony, have drawn parallels with Tiger Woods. Hamilton acknowledges that his participation could stoke interest among ethnic groups who may not be into the sport now. “Hopefully people that can relate to me will see that its possible and also try to get into the sport“, he told the BBC. More
42、over, his youth, good looks and wholesome image are also likely to get marketers fired up.Countless more karting titles followed before 2001. He “made seasoned drivers look silly“, says Tony Shaw, Hamiltons then team manager at Manor Motorsport. Hamiltons raw, natural speed and canny race craft nudg
43、ed him closer to the big leagues. Hamiltons “understanding of when and where to overtake and how to take advantage of a situation is very advanced“, Shaw says.At his first crack at GP2, the training ground for Formula One, Hamilton dominated the 2006 season with a series of blistering drives on his
44、way to the title. Hamilton is “not worried about showing or doing what hes used to doing just because its Formula One“, says Hill. For many new drivers, “thats an enormous hurdle“. With the retirement last year of seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher, theres one less rival for Hamilton to ne
45、gotiate.And Hamilton is certainly not short on confidence. When he first met Ron Dennisnow his Formula One team bossas a 10-year-old in a borrowed suit, Hamilton promptly told him he wanted to drive for McLaren. Three years later, he joined the teams support program for promising young drivers. But,
46、 say former team managers, hes ready to listen and learn when things go wrong. Hamilton has a rare “capacity to question himselfto analyze very clearly after a race“, says Frederic Vasseur, general manager at the ART Grand Prix team behind Hamiltons GP2 championship.As for whether hell become the Ti
47、ger Woods of the sport, its too early to know whether he can live up to those standards. But for now, his fans are bullish. Damon Hill was the last British driver to take the world crown. And its Hamilton, Hill says, “who looks likely to be the next“.31 We can infer from the first paragraph that _.（
48、A）Lewis Hamilton seemed different from normal rookies because of his racing gift.（B） Lewis Hamilton is always confident since he is an eight-year-old.（C） Lewis Hamilton grows up in British.（D）Lewis Hamilton was much better than peer drivers.32 Which is the most important reason why Lewis Hamilton “p
49、arallels with Tiger Woods“?（A）Both of them first hint their greatness at an early age.（B） Hamiltons grandfather came to Britain from Grenada in the 50s, the positive influence of his father and his color.（C） Both of them can get market fire up.（D）Both of them have large influence on many kinds of ethnic groups to participate in sports and society.33 Which of the following statements is true according to the passag
