1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 55 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been (1)_
2、 by both women and men in public (2)_ polls.Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are (3)_ in types of work which were (4)_ for men and that women should step aside to make (5)_ for unemployed young men. They argue that women, especially women in their childbearing years act
3、ually delay economic development and result (6)_ lower (7)_, poor quality and inefficiency.To solve the problem, they suggested that working women stay at home (8)_ their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these (9)_, families would remain their same level of income,
4、 and women could run the house and (10)_ children much better.The suggestion, (11)_,has been flatly rejected by 9 out of 10 people (12)_.Some other people have suggested another way (13)_ “phased employment“ theory. The theory suggests that a woman worker take (14)_ from her job when she is seven mo
5、nths (15)_ and stay off the job (16)_ her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their (17)_ salary and be allowed to return to work after the threeyear period. This will (18)_ children, women, their families and the society and it (19)_ seems to be more (20
6、)_ than the suggestion that women return to their homes forever.（A）refused（B） declined（C） rejected（D）inclined（A）attitude（B） reaction（C） idea（D）opinion（A）used（B） exploited（C） disused（D）employed（A）available（B） suitable（C） reliable（D）practical（A）course（B） route（C） way（D）path（A）with（B） in（C） from（D）on（A
7、）product（B） productivity（C） production（D）produce（A）in that（B） whereas（C） since（D）unless（A）environment（B） circumstances（C） condition（D）state（A）cultivate（B） bring（C） raise（D）feed（A）in addition to（B） moreover（C） nevertheless（D）in addition（A）polling（B） to poll（C） to be polled（D）polled（A）called（B） callin
8、g（C） to call（D）to be called（A）holiday（B） vocation（C） leave（D）vacation（A）fertile（B） productive（C） fruitful（D）pregnant（A）when（B） until（C） unless（D）as（A）typical（B） usual（C） normal（D）regular（A）profit（B） interest（C） benefit from（D）benefit（A）eventually（B） definitely（C） doubtfully（D）indefinitely（A）believab
9、le（B） acceptable（C） approvable（D）thinkablePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new ma
10、chines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women beg
11、an to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Enedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible
12、the recruitment of “the whole female sex.into pubic industry.“ Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanizations effects, but they agreed that it would transform womens lives.Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this ass
13、umption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work.
14、 The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprentice
15、ship for beginning manager, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new class of “deadened“ jobs, hence forth considered “womens work. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and a
16、n increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, mov
17、ing from the household to the office or the factory, and later be coming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for
18、women as a group of jobs that require relatively, low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while womens household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolut
19、ionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.21 Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?（A）The effects of the mechanization of womens work have not
20、borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.（B） Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a societys traditional values and the customary roles of its members.（C） Mechanization has caused the nature of womens work to change since the Ind
21、ustrial Revolution.（D）The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.22 It can be inferred from the passage that the author would consider which of the following to be an indication of a fundamental alteration in the conditions of womens work?（A）Statistics
22、showing that the majority ok women now occupy white-collar positions.（B） Interviews with married men indicating that they are now doing some household tasks.（C） Surveys of the labor market documenting the recent creation of a new class of jobs in electronics in which women workers outnumber men four
23、 to one.（D）Census results showing that working womens wages and salaries are, on the average, as high as those of working men.23 The passage states that, before the twentieth century, which of the following was true of many employers?（A）They did not employ women in factories.（B） They tended to emplo
24、y single rather than married women.（C） They employed women only in those jobs that were related to womens traditional household work.（D）They resulted technological innovations that would radically change womens roles in the family.24 It can be inferred from the passage that the author most probably
25、believes which of the following to be true concerning those historians who study the history of women?（A）Their work provides insights important to those examining social phenomena affecting the lives of both sexes.（B） Their work can only be used cautiously by scholars in other disciplines.（C） Becaus
26、e they concentrate only on the role of women in the work-place they draw more reliable conclusions than the other historians.（D）Their work has not had an impact on most historians current assumptions concerning the revolutionary effect of technology in the work-place.25 Which of the following best d
27、escribes the function of the concluding sentence of the passage?（A）It sums up the general points concerning the mechanization of work made in the passage as a whole.（B） It draws a conclusion concerning the effects of the mechanization of work which goes beyond the evidence presented in the passage a
28、s a whole.（C） It restates the point concerning technology made in the sentence immediately preceding it.（D）It qualifies the authors agreement with scholars who argue for a major revision in the assessment of the impact of mechanization on society.25 Concrete is probably used more widely than any oth
29、er substance except water, yet it remains largely unappreciated. “Some people view the 20th century as the atomic age, the space age, the computer age but an argument can be made that it was the concrete age,” says cement specialist Hendrik Van Oss. “Its a miracle material.” Indeed, more than a ton
30、of concrete is produced each year for every man, woman and child on Earth. Yet concrete is generally ignored outside the engineering world, a victim of its own ubiquity and the industrys conservative pace of development. Now, thanks to environmental pressures and entrepreneurial innovation, a new ge
31、neration of concretes is emerging. This high-tech assortment of concrete confections promises to be stronger, lighter, and more environmentally friendly than ever before.Concrete is also a climate-change villain. It is made by mixing water with an aggregate, such as sand or gravel, and cement. Cemen
32、t is usually made by heating limestone and clay to over 2,500 degrees F. The resulting chemical reaction, along with fuel burned to heat the kiln, produces between 7% and 10% of global carbon-dioxide emissions. “When we have to repeatedly regenerate these materials because theyre not durable, we rel
33、ease more emissions,” says Victor Li who has created a concrete suffused by synthetic fibers that make it stronger, more durable, and able to bend like a metal. Lis creation does not require reinforcement, a property shared by other concretes that use chemical additives. Using less water makes concr
34、ete stronger, but until the development of plasticizers, it also made concrete sticky, dry, and hard to handle, says Christian Meyer, a civil engineering professor at Columbia University.Making stronger concretes, says Li, allows less to be used, reducing waste and giving architects more freedom. “Y
35、ou can have such futuristic designs if you dont have to put rebar in there, or structural beams,” says Van Oss. A more directly “green” c6nerete has been developed by the Australian company TecEeo. They add magnesium to their cement, forming a porous concrete that actually scrubs carbon dioxide from
36、 the air.While experts agree that these new concrete will someday be widely used, the timetable is uncertain. Concrete companies are responsive to environmental concerns and are always looking to stretch the utility of their product, but the construction industry is slow to change. “When you start m
37、onkeying around with materials, the governing bodies, the building departments, are very cautious before they let you use an unproven material,” Meyer says. In the next few decades, says Van Oss, building codes will change, opening the way for innovative materials. But while new concretes may be str
38、onger and more durable, they are also more expensive and whether the tendency of developers and the public to focus on short-term rather than long-term costs will also change is another matter.26 By saying “it was the concrete age”(Line 3, Para. 1), Van Oss means that（A）the traditional building mate
39、rial concrete is the only man-made miracle.（B） concrete is indispensable in the development of modern construction industry.（C） compared with other inventions, concrete is more practical and useful.（D）concrete, as a building material, can be mixed with any other materials. 27 By saying “a victim of
40、its own ubiquity and the industrys conservative pace of development” (Line 5-6, Para. 1) , the author means that（A）concrete suffers from its widely application as well as the slow development of building industry.（B） concrete is not appreciated because of its dull color and other drawbacks, with lit
41、tle improvement as a building material.（C） slow progress of building industry does harm to the application and popularity of concrete.（D）concrete is ignored because it is conventional with little advance in its technology. 28 According to the text, concrete is also a “climate-change villain” mainly
42、because（A）sand or gravel has to be used as an aggregate in the process of mixing.（B） the materials which are used to make concrete are not durable.（C） recycling of concrete is quite difficult when concrete breaks down.（D）chemical reaction in manufacturing cement emits carbon-dioxide world-wide. 29 W
43、hich of the following is true about Lis new “green” concrete?（A）The new concrete will greatly reduce the cost of production and construction.（B） Traditional concrete is stronger, lighter and climate-friendly compared with new concrete.（C） Traditional concrete grants more freedom in design and constr
44、uction compared with new concrete.（D）The new concrete requires no reinforcement in preparation. 30 The last sentence of the text shows that（A）Van Oss has full confidence in the developers and the public in using new concrete.（B） Van Oss is pessimistic about the future development of greener concrete
45、.（C） Van Oss is hostile to the attitudes of developers and the public.（D）Van Oss feels that people should be patient to wait for the change of the public attitude. 31 A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isnt easy, marriage has always been difficult. Why th
46、en are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown the family into disorder. But divorce is so common be-cause people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that mar
47、riage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party.Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, net dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of ones fantasies, some of ones legitimate desires have to be given up for the value of th
48、e marriage itself. “While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bends“, says Dr. Whitaker. Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, can
49、not allow themselves to stop growing or changing.A divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation(拯救) for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be like the first cut of the surgeons knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partners can stay past the breaking up of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work
