1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 56 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Americans today believe that acceptable social behavior follows effortlessly from personal virtue. The (1)_ between morals and mann
2、ers has become blurred. (2)_ you need is a good heart, most people assume, and the (3)_ will take care of itself. You dont have to write thank-you notes.Many Americans believe that natural behavior is beautiful. The “natural“ (4)_ to human relations presumes that to know any person well enough is to
3、 love him, that the (5)_ human problem is a communication problem. This (6)_ that people might be separated by basically, generally irreconcilable differencesphilosophical, political, or religiousand assumes that all such differences are (7)_ misunderstandings.Indeed, it has never been easier to ins
4、ult people inadvertently. A gentleman opens a door for a lady because his mother taught him that ladies (8)_ such courtesies, but she (9)_ and spits in his eye because he has insulted her womanhood. A young lady offers her seat in a (10)_ bus to an elderly, frail gentleman, and he gives her a (11)_
5、look because she has insulted his (12)_ Mind you, those are just people (13)_ to be nice; the only problem is that they are (14)_ on different systems of (15)_.Curiously, it has never been (16)_ to insult people intentionally. If you say, “You are nasty and I hate you,“ the person is (17)_ to reply,
6、 “Oh, youre feeling (18)_; Ill wait until you feel better. “The idea the people can behave “naturally“ without resorting to a(n) (19)_ code tacitly agreed upon by their society is as silly as the idea that they can communicate by using a language without (20)_ accepted semantic and grammatical rules
7、.（A）instinct（B） distinction（C） intuition（D）similarity（A）That（B） Each（C） All（D）Everything（A）rest（B） people（C） minority（D）majority（A）approach（B） way（C） road（D）means（A）essential（B） last（C） same（D）only（A）approves（B） denies（C） supports（D）disagrees（A）no more than（B） not more than（C） a bit more than（D）much
8、 more than（A）dislike（B） appreciate（C） thank（D）approve（A）turns out（B） turns up（C） turns around（D）turns down（A）moving（B） crowded（C） shabby（D）deserted（A）angry（B） thankful（C） guilty（D）dirty（A）feelings（B） freedom（C） manhood（D）heart（A）trying（B） refusing（C） showing（D）looking（A）establishing（B） assuming（C） o
9、bserving（D）operating（A）etiquette（B） ceremony（C） manners（D）courtesy（A）harder（B） easier（C） worse（D）better（A）opt（B） apt（C） apparent（D）adorable（A）friendly（B） terrible（C） disgusting（D）hostile（A）natural（B） artificial（C） false（D）artistic（A）superficially（B） profoundly（C） commonly（D）individuallyPart ADirecti
10、ons: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 As thick-skinned elected officials go, FIFA President Joseph S. Blatter is right up there with Bill Clinton. The chief of the Zurich-based group that oversees World Cup soccer hasnt been
11、accused of groping any interns, but thats about all he hasnt been accused of. Vote buying, mismanagement, cronyismand thats just for starters. Yet the 66-year-old Swiss shows no sign of abandoning his campaign for a second four-year term.Blatter, a geek of dispensing FIFAS hundreds of million in ann
12、ual revenue to inspire loyalty, even stands a good chance of reelection. At least he did. Since mid-March, he has seen a credible challenger emerge in Issa Hayatou, president of the African Football Confederation. Hayatou, a 55-year-old from Cameroon, leads a group of FIFA reformers that also includ
13、es FIFA Vice-President Lennart Johansson, a Swede who lost the presidential election to Blatter in 1998. These contenders mission: to end what they call the culture of secrecy and lack of accountability that threatens FIFA with financial disaster.Representatives of the worlds 204 national soccer ass
14、ociations meet in Seoul on May 29, and the rebels are given a chance of unseating Blatter. But even they concede that the FIFA honcho wont be easy to dislodge. Blatters staying power seems incredible, given the array of misdeeds attributed to him and his circle. However, there are signs that FIFAS t
15、roubles are bigger than Blatter is saying.The insurgents have already won one victory: They persuaded the rest of the executive board to order an audit of FIFA finances. But Blatterwho claims, through a spokesman, that the accusations are a smear campaign-should not be underestimated. At least publi
16、cly, sponsors and member associations remain remarkably siient with the controversy. For example, there is no outward sign of outrage from German sports equipment maker Adidas Salomon, which is spending much of its $625 million marketing budget on the World Cup. “We dont expect current developments
17、within FIFA to have a negative impact on our expectations“ for the World Cup, says Michael Riehl, Adidas head of global sports marketing.The conventional wisdom is that fans dont care about FIFA politics. Says Bernd Schiphorst, president of Hertha BSC Berlin, a top-ranked German team: “Ive no fear t
18、hat all these discussions are going to touch the event“. Still, the Olympic bribery scandals and the doping affair in the Tour de France show that sleazy dealings can stain the most venerable athletic spectacle. “For the Good of the Game“ is FIFAS official motto. The next few months should show whet
19、her it rings true.21 The writers attitude toward FIFA President Blatter seems to be that of _.（A）slight support.（B） high appreciation.（C） strong contempt.（D）reserved consent.22 The contenders as mentioned in the text criticized Blatter for his _.（A）mismanagement of FIFA finances.（B） incredible stayi
20、ng power.（C） negative impact on their expectations.（D）global sports marketing.23 By mentioning “the doping affair in the Tour de France“ (the last para.), the author is talking about _.（A）FIFA politics.（B） sports scandals.（C） FIFA finances.（D）fans wisdom.24 The views of Michael Riehl and Bernd Schip
21、horst on sports scandals are _.（A）identical.（B） complementary.（C） opposite.（D）similar.25 It can be safely concluded from the text that _.（A）sports scandals are inevitable for the sake of competition.（B） the rebels who put Blatter under fire will have him by throat.（C） all accusations against Blatter
22、 will end up with failures.（D）the rebels could discourage Blatters bid for a new term.26 Until recently, most American entrepreneurs(企业家) were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs s
23、mall. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1980s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s was the decade of women entering man
24、agement, and the 1980s has turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur.“What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from most executive sui
25、tes. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard, they could become chairman of the board. Now theyve found out that isnt going to happen, so they go out on their own.“In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “womens“ f
26、ieldscosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first produc
27、t was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriersand her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the companys cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop addition
28、al programs. When these were marketed and sold. ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising m
29、oney; the Banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small.But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.26 All of the following were mentioned in the passage as
30、prejudices against women in the business world EXCEPT _.（A）women were not trained in business（B） women lacked ability to work in business（C） women were required to stay at home with their families（D）women face discrimination in business27 The author mentions the “shoebox under the bed“ in the third
31、paragraph in order to _.（A）point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzigs business were limited（B） show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig（C） suggest that the company need to expand（D）show the disadvantage of women in business28 The word “hurdles“ in Paragraph 4 can be best r
32、eplaced by _.（A）small groups（B） questions（C） fences（D）obstacles29 The main idea of this passage is that _.（A）women are better at small businesses than men are（B） women today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive to the business world（C） women today are opening more busine
33、sses of their own（D）the computer business is especially attractive for women today30 The last sentence in Paragraph 2 “so they go out on their own. “means that _.（A）women are going out alone（B） women are opening their own enterprises（C） they are wearing their own coats（D）its difficult for them to be
34、come chairmen31 It may turn out that the “digital divide“one of the most fashionable political slogans of recent yearsis largely fiction. As you will recall, the argument went well beyond the unsurprising notion that the rich would own more computers than the poor. The disturbing part of the theory
35、was that society was dividing itself into groups of technology “haves“ and “have-nots“ and that this segregation would, in turn, worsen already large economic inequalities. It is this argument that is either untrue or wildly exaggerated.We should always have been suspicious. After all, computers hav
36、e spread quickly because they have become cheaper to buy and easier to use. Falling prices and skill requirements suggest that the digital divide would spontaneously shrinkand so it has.Now, a new study further discredits the digital divide. The study, by economist David Card of the University of Ca
37、lifornia, Berkeley, challenges the notion that computers have significantly worsened wage inequality. The logic of how this supposedly happens is straightforward: computers raise the demand for high-skilled workers, increasing their wages. Meanwhile, computerizationby automating many routine tasksre
38、duces the demand for low-skilled workers and, thereby, their wages. The gap between the two widens.Superficially, wage statistics support the theory. Consider the ratio between workers near the top of the wage distribution and those near the bottom. Computerization increased; so did the wage gap.But
39、 wait, point out Card and DiNardo. The trouble with blaming computers is that the worsening of inequality occurred primarily in the early 1980s. With computer use growing, the wage gap should have continued to expand, if it was being driven by a shifting demand for skills. Indeed, Card and DiNardo f
40、ind much detailed evidence that contradicts the theory. They conclude that computerization does not explain “the rise in U.S. wage inequality in the last quarter of the 20th century“.The popular perception of computers impact on wages is hugely overblown. Lots of other influences count for as much,
41、or more. The worsening of wage inequality in the early 1980s, for example, almost certainly reflected the deep 19811982 recession and the fall of inflation. Companies found it harder to raise prices. To survive, they concluded that they had to hold down the wages of their least skilled, least mobile
42、 and youngest workers.The “digital divide“ suggested a simple solution (computers) for a complex problem (poverty). With more computer access, the poor could escape their lot. But computers never were the source of anyones poverty and, as for escaping, what people do for themselves matters more than
43、 what technology can do for them.31 It is generally believed that the digital divide is something（A）that is responsible for economic inequalities.（B） deemed to be positive in poverty-relief.（C） that results from falling computer prices.（D）getting worse because of the Internet.32 According to the aut
44、hor, the notion that computers are to blame for the wage gap is（A）quite insightful.（B） very contradictory.（C） rather shallow.（D）fairly illuminating.33 The authors attitude toward the opinion held by Card and DiNardo is one of（A）reserved consent.（B） strong disapproval.（C） slight contempt.（D）enthusias
45、tic support.34 The author seems to believe that widened wage gap can be attributed to（A）the impact of computers on routine work.（B） the delayed effects in the early 1980s.（C） the complexity of poverty problem.（D）the narrowing of the digital divide.35 The purpose of the author in writing the text is（
46、A）to advocate the elimination of poverty.（B） to justify the influence of the digital divide.（C） to democratize computer access today.（D）to expose the myths of the digital divide.35 Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the projects greatest c
47、heerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle“ of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zones economies, weaker o
48、r stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europes single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zones dominant powers, France a
49、nd Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a countrys vo
