1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 59 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 With the rapid spread of the internet eye where in the world, and the (1)_ number of users, one of the most exciting developments o
2、n the internet is E-commerce(2)_ commerce. E-commerce has two forms, (3)_ business-to-business, or B-to-B, and business-to-consumer, or B-to-C.B-to-C was the first of these developments. It grew (4)_ from the first days when people started to buy things from their homes without going to a shop. Firs
3、t came “catalogue shopping“ (5)_ you choose what you want from a catalogue (6)_ pictures and other details of everything that is (7)_ sale. You then send an order with a check by (8)_ and the things you have chosen sent to your home. Then (9)_ “television shopping“, where (10)_ a catalogue, the item
4、s for sale are shown or (11)_ on television to attract the customer. (12)_, the customer sends a check and the item is delivered to his or her home. B-to-C is the (13)_ development, where the “catalogue“ is (14)_ on the internet, combining the advantages of both the book catalogue and the television
5、 and indeed adding more (15)_ The customer makes his choice but rather than sending an order and a (16)_ through the post, he places the order and pays for it using his credit card, all using the (17)_Many people worry about giving (18)_ of their credit card over the internet and the danger that it
6、may be deceitfully used. (19)_, the general view is that with modern systems of secure measures the dangers of the misuse of credit cards is (20)_ greater in a shop, garage or restaurant than in using it for shopping on the internet.（A）increasing（B） spreading（C） decreasing（D）raising（A）electric（B） el
7、ectrical（C） electronic（D）electronics（A）regarded as（B） known as（C） esteemed as（D）reckoned as（A）directly（B） naturally（C） generally（D）specially（A）which（B） that（C） where（D）when（A）drawing（B） giving（C） depicting（D）sketching（A）on（B） for（C） at（D）in（A）accident（B） railway（C） hand（D）post（A）came（B） went（C） brou
8、ght（D）happened（A）as regards（B） other than（C） instead of（D）in view of（A）displayed（B） performed（C） demonstrated（D）exhibited（A）Again（B） Moreover（C） Besides（D）Secondly（A）late（B） latest（C） latter（D）later（A）liable（B） obtainable（C） reliable（D）available（A）disadvantages（B） features（C） advantages（D）characteri
9、stics（A）cash（B） check（C） note（D）bin（A）internet（B） computer（C） catalogue（D）television（A）details（B） segments（C） episodes（D）descriptions（A）However（B） Therefore（C） Furthermore（D）Otherwise（A）naturally（B） truly（C） really（D）actuallyPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
10、 each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 House-price falls are gathering momentum and are spreading across the UK, according to a monthly poll of surveyors which on Monday delivered its gloomiest reading for nearly 12 years.Fifty-six percent of surveyors contacted by the Royal Institution
11、of Chartered Surveyors reported price falls in the three months to October. Only 3 percent saw prices rise in their area, compared with 58 percent as recently as May.There was further evidence of slowing activity in the property market as the number of sales per surveyor dived to a nine-year low. Un
12、sold stock on agents books has increased 10 percent since the summer. Ian Perry, Rics national housing spokesman, said it was now very clear that buyers were unsettled by higher interest rates.The Bank of England raised rates five times to 4.75 percent over the last year to cool the property boom.Bu
13、t he also blamed comments by Mervyn King, the Banks governor, and misleading media headlines for “injecting additional uncertainty into the market by continued speculation over more serious price declines“.“Mervyn King presumably felt that he had to be more explicit in the summer when people were st
14、ill buying. His warnings of a drop in property prices then have had the desired effect.“But our concern now is that the pendulum is swinging too far,“ he said.Last week, the Banks monetary policy committee predicted for the first time that “house prices may fall modestly for a period“ in its Novembe
15、r inflation report. The Nationwide and Halifax mortgage lenders both showed a modest monthly decline in house prices in their latest loan approval data.Although the majority of surveyors expect prices to fall further in the next three months,Mr. Perry stressed there were signs of stabilizing demand
16、from buyers in London.“London tends to be ahead of the rest of the market. And agents are telling us that more people are looking to buy. It is much better than it was,“ Mr. Perry said.However, falling prices continued to spread from the South of England as surveyors reported the first clear decline
17、 in prices in Yorkshire and the Humber, the north and the north- west. Scotland remained the only region with rising prices.21 We learn from the passage that（A）the present house price falls are at most a momentary phenomenon.（B） the property market is experiencing its most depressing time over the d
18、ecade.（C） 58 percent of surveyors contacted started to encounter house price falls in May.（D）Rics widely-followed headline indicator began to fall since Dec. 1992.22 Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to（A）justify the authors observation in the first paragraph.（B） contrast the present situation with tha
19、t in the past.（C） highlight the discouraging situation of home market.（D）explain the reasons of slowing activity in the market.23 By “the pendulum is swinging too far“, Ian Perry probably means（A）the number of houses sold by each agent is the lowest in history.（B） the house market is bound to suffer
20、 because of the high interest rates.（C） both Mr. King and the media worried too much over the price falls.（D）the Bank and the media are helping push the house prices further down.24 In terms of the future of the property market, Mr. Perry seems（A）optimistic.（B） uncertain.（C） pessimistic.（D）indiffere
21、nt.25 The author probably believes that（A）the house-price falls may continue for a while.（B） peoples uncertainty about the market is ungrounded.（C） there was always exception to the rule of rising prices.（D）people are certainly ready to buy more than before.26 Although many factors affect human heal
22、th during periods in space, weightlessness is the dominant and single most important one. The direct and indirect effects of weightlessness lead to a series of related responses. Ultimately, the whole body, from bones to brain, kidneys to bowels, reacts.When space travelers grasp the wall of their s
23、pacecraft and jerk their bodies back and forth, they say it feels as though they are stationary and the spacecraft is moving. The reason is based in our reliance on gravity to perceive our surroundings.The continuous and universal nature of gravity removes it from our daily notice, but our bodies ne
24、ver forget. Whether we realize it or not, we have evolved a large number of silent, automatic reactions to cope with the constant stress of living in a downward-pulling world. Only when we decrease or increase the effective force of gravity on our bodies do our minds perceive it.Our senses provide a
25、ccurate information about the location of our center of mass and the relative positions of our body parts. Our brains integrate signals from our eyes and ears with other information from the organs in our inner ear, from our muscles and joints, and from our senses of touch and pressure.The apparatus
26、 of the inner ear is partitioned into two distinct components: circular, fluid-filled tubes that sense the angle of the head, and two bags filled with calcium crystals embedded in a thick fluid, which respond to linear movement. The movement of the calcium crystals sends a signal to the brain to tel
27、l us the direction of gravity. This is not the only cue the brain receives. Nerves in the muscles, joints, and skinparticularly the slain on the bottom of the feetrespond to the weight of limb segments and other body parts.Removing gravity transforms these signals. The inner ear no longer perceives
28、a downward tendency when the head moves. The limbs no longer have weight, so muscles are no longer required to contract and relax in the usual way to maintain posture and bring about movement. Nerves that respond to touch and pressure in the feet and ankles no longer signal the direction of down. Th
29、ese and other changes contribute to orientation illusions, such as a feeling that the body or the spacecraft spontaneously changes direction. In 1961 a Russian astronaut reported vivid sensations of being upside down; one space shuttle specialist in astronomy said, “When the main engines cut off, I
30、immediately felt as though we had inverted 180 degrees.“ Such illusions can recur even after some time in space.26 From the first two paragraphs we learn that weightlessness is caused by _.（A）many factors（B） the dominant and single movement（C） jerking the bodies back and forth（D）losing the dependenc
31、e of gravity27 Whether we realize it or not(Para. 3), “it“ refers _.（A）weightlessness（B） the continuous and universal nature of gravity（C） the fact that our bodies never forget（D）the previous statements28 According to the passage we do not perceive gravity because _.（A）we live in a downward-pulling
32、world（B） there is no decrease or increase force of gravity on our bodies（C） our senses provide accurate information about the location（D）our brains integrate signals from all apparatus of the body29 The function of apparatus of the inner ear is _.（A）to partition into two distinct components（B） to re
33、spond to linear movement（C） to send a signal to the brain to tell us the direction of gravity（D）to respond to the weight of limb segments and other body parts30 Which of the following apparatus of the body may be less affected by removing gravity?（A）The inner ear.（B） The limbs.（C） The nerves.（D）The
34、brain.31 The meanings of “science“ and “technology“ have changed significantly from one generation to another. More similarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms. Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are concerned with causal relationships in the materi
35、al world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition. Science, at least in theory, is less concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, but in practice science and
36、technology are inextricably involved with each other. The varying interplay of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social stat
37、us, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists; but throughout history the practitioners of “pure“ science have made many practical as
38、 well as theoretical contributions.Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization
39、 cannot be traced to the laboratory. Fundamental tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynam
40、ics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations.In recent years a sharp value distinction has grown up between science and technology. Advances in science have frequently had their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science. For these
41、people, science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the eternal laws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now seem to them to be out of control.Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential conditio
42、n of advanced, industrial civilization, but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increase geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to tran
43、sform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.31 Science is, as the author argues, similar to technology in that _.（A）it involves a long process of change（B） it focuses on the casual a
44、spects of the material world（C） it resorts to experiments as an exclusive method of research（D）it is concerned about the theoretical development32 Which of the following does the author Not agree with?（A）Scientific activities are deeply involved with those of technology,（B） Industrial civilization i
45、s largely based on the scientific progress.（C） Science and technology move forward at a comparable speed.（D）Either of science and technology is necessary for the advance of each other.33 The example of the steam engine is presented to _.（A）refute the belief that industrial progress feeds off scienti
46、fic ideas（B） illustrate the remarkable achievements of industrial civilization（C） indicate that many great inventions originate from the laboratory（D）laws come out much earlier than related functions34 What does “the practical manifestations. out of control“ (Para. 3) mean?（A）Technology is losing it
47、s traditional practicality.（B） Technology is moving further away from science.（C） Technological progress is benefiting the whole world.（D）Technology is threatening the existence of human civilization.35 The “historians“ as mentioned in the last paragraph regard the technology with _.（A）absolute enth
48、usiasm（B） total indifference（C） obvious resentment（D）reserved approval36 Mark Twain once observed that giving up smoking is easy. He knew, because hed done it hundreds of times himself. Giving up for ever is a trifle more difficult, apparently, and it is well known that it is much more difficult for
49、 some people than for others. Why is this so?Few doctors believe any longer that it is simply a question of will power. And for those people that continue to view addicts as merely “weak“, recent genetic research may force a rethink. A study conducted by Jacqueline Vink, of the Free University of Amsterdam, used a database called the Netherlands Twin Register to analyze the smoking habits of twins. Her results suggest that an individuals degree of nicotine d
