1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 60 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Women often【1】that dating is like a cattle【2 】, and a paper just published in Biology Letters by Thomas Pollet and Daniel Nettle of
2、 Newcastle University, in England, suggests they are【3】. They have little cause for complaint, however, because the paper also suggests that in this particular market, it is【4】who are the buyers. Mr. Pollet and Dr. Nettle were looking for【5】to support the contention that women choose men of【6】status
3、 and resources, as well as good looks. That may sound common sense, but it was often【7】by social scientists until a group of researchers who called themselves evolutionary psychologists started investigating the matter two decades ago. Since then, a series of experiments in laboratories have support
4、ed the contention. But as all zoologists know,【8】can only tell you so much. Eventually, you have to look at【9】populations. And that is what Mr. Pollet and Dr. Nettle have done. They have examined data from the 19t0 census of the United States of America and discovered that marriage is, indeed, a mar
5、ket. Moreover, as in any market, a【10】of buyers means the sellers have to have particularly attractive goods on【11】if they are to make the exchange. The advantage of picking 1910 was that America had not yet settled down, demographically speaking. Though the long-colonized eastern states had a sex【1
6、2】of one man to one woman, or thereabouts, in the rest of the country the old adage “go west, young man“ had resulted in a【13】of males. Mr. Pollet and Dr Nettle were thus able to see just how picky women are,【14】the chance. 【15】looking at the whole census, the two researchers relied on a sample of o
7、ne person in 250. They then【16】the men in the sample a socioeconomic status score between zero and 96, on a scale drawn up in 1950 (which was as close to 1910 as they could get). They showed that in states where the sexes were equal in number, 56% of low status men were married by the age of 30,【17】
8、60% of high status men were. Even in this case, then, there are women who would prefer to remain【18】rather than marry a deadbeat. When there were 110 men for every 100 women (as, for example, in Arizona), the women got really【19】. In that case only 24% of low-status men were married by 30 compared w
9、ith 46% of high-status men. As the men went west, then, so did their【 20】opportunities. （A）discuss（B） argue（C） complain（D）consider （A）house（B） market（C） farm（D）factory （A）right（B） wrong（C） insane（D）happy （A）men（B） parents（C） couples（D）women （A）samples（B） evidence（C） stories（D）people （A）right（B） low（
10、C） high（D）appropriate （A）supported（B） denied（C） discussed（D）required （A）evidence（B） samples（C） experiments（D）movies （A）natural（B） black（C） native（D）foreign （A）sufficiency（B） number（C） population（D）scarcity （A）sale（B） offer（C） bargain（D）discount （A）pattern（B） structure（C） ratio（D）map （A）surplus（B） sh
11、ortage（C） ratio（D）reinforcement （A）if（B） should（C） unless（D）given （A）Without（B） Rather than（C） Failing to（D）Required to （A）conducted（B） searched（C） discussed（D）assigned （A）while（B） and（C） but（D）when （A）married（B） single（C） divorced（D）widow （A）serious（B） choosy（C） tolerant（D）casual （A）divorce（B） repr
12、oduction（C） marriage（D）death Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 “Im a total geek all around,“ says Angela Byron, a 27-year-old computer programmer who has just graduated from Nova Scotia Community College. And
13、 yet, like many other students, she “never had the confidence“ to approach any of the various open-source software communities on the internet-distributed teams of volunteers who collaborate to build software that is then made freely available. But thanks to Google, the worlds most popular search en
14、gine and one of the biggest proponents of open-source software, Ms. Byron spent the summer contributing code to Drupal, an open-source project that automates the management of websites. “Its awesome,“ she says.Ms. Byron is one of 419 students (out of 8,744 who applied) who were accepted for Googles
15、“summer of code“. While it sounds like a hyper-nerdy summer camp, the students neither went to Googles campus in Mountain View, California, nor to wherever their mentors at the 41 participating open-source projects happened to be located. Instead, Google acted as a matchmaker and sponsor. Each of th
16、e participating open-source projects received $500 for every student it took on; and each student received $4,500 ($500 right away, and $4,000 on completion of their work). Oh, and a T-shirt.All of this is the idea of Chris DiBona, Googles open-source boss, who was brainstorming with Larry Page and
17、Sergey Brin, Googles founders, last year. They realised that a lot of programming talent goes to waste every summer because students take summer jobs flipping burgers to make money, and let their coding skills degrade. “We want to make it better for students in the summer,“ says Mr. DiBona, adding t
18、hat it also helps the open-source community and thus, indirectly, Google, which uses lots of open-source software behind the scenes. Plus, says Mr. DiBona, “it does become an opportunity for recruiting. “Elliot Cohen, a student at Berkeley, spent his summer writing a “Bayesian network toolbox“ for P
19、ython, an open-source programming language. “Im a pretty big fan of Google,“ he says. He has an interview scheduled with Microsoft, but “Google is the only big company that I would work at,“ he says. And if that doesnt work out, he now knows people in the open-source community, “and its a lot less i
20、ntimidating. “21 Ms. Byrons comment on her own summer experiment is_.（A）negative（B） biased（C） puzzling（D）enthusiastic22 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the participants of Googles “summer of code“ have_.（A）been selected（B） been educated（C） been blamed（D）been enlightened23 The work
21、of the participating open-source projects conducted by students, according to the text, is_.（A）incoherent（B） rewarded（C） incessant（D）gratuitous24 The idea of Chris DiBona, according to the text, is enriched by_.（A）T-shirt sales（B） open-source（C） programmers talent（D）others wisdom25 Elliot Cohen is m
22、entioned in the text so as to_.（A）illustrate the indirect effect of “summer of code“ on Googles recruitment（B） indicate the academic level of Berkeley, USA（C） clarify Elliot Cohens summer experience in writing network toolbox（D）lay emphasis on the fact that university students are big fans of Google
23、26 Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more we are t
24、ogetherthe more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be mos
25、t dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs(黏膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood
26、pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say ju
27、st the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or ins
28、ide in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passenge
29、rs gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic press. This kind of thing: “A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the n
30、ew London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into“.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wo
31、od. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.26 All boys and girls in large families know that _.（A）a boy and a girl usual
32、ly fight when they are together（B） people tend to be together more than they used to be（C） a lot of people being together makes fights likely（D）railway leads the world to peace27 According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except that _.（A）the rai
33、lway enables people travel fast（B） the railway brings comfort to people（C） the railway makes the world peaceful（D）the railway leads the world to war as well28 According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but _.（A）tunnels are dangerous to public health（B） the noise and the glare o
34、f the engine fire may affect peoples nerves（C） the rapid speed through the air does damage to peoples lungs（D）to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die29 We may safely conclude that _.（A）the author belongs to the anti-railway group（B） the author belongs to th
35、e pro-railway group（C） the author speaks highly of the railway（D）the author may never take train because of its potential dangers30 What is the tone of this passage?（A）Practical.（B） Humorous.（C） Satirical.（D）Exaggerated.30 A few milliamps of electricity can cause plants to increase synthesis of chem
36、icals. These compounds often also have a pharmacological (related to medicine) or commercial value, so the trick could be used to help increase yields of commercially useful biologicals. Artemisinic acid, from sweet wormwood, for example, is used in malarial medications, and shikonin (紫草素), from the
37、 purple gromwell plant, is used against skin infections. Researchers have long known that stressing plants can force them to take defensive action, often ramping up the production of protective chemicals that, for example, make them more resistant to insect attack. It has become common practice to s
38、tress such plants into increasing their yields. This is usually clone using physical stress elicitors (诱导子), including bits of the micro-organisms that normally attack the plants, or irritants made from metallic compounds such as copper chloride. These are effective, but they come at a cost. Most el
39、icitors are toxic to plants and can build up in tissues, making it necessary to occasionally “clean“ a plant of the chemicals so they keep having the same effect. Recently, research groups at the University of Arizona in Tucson found that the application of an electric current to the hairy roots of
40、the poisonous herb Hyoscyamus muticus stimulated the production of the herbs toxin hyoscyamine (天仙子胺). This unpublished finding inspired Hans Van Etten, also of the University of Arizona, and his colleagues to test sub-lethal levels of electrical currents on other plants, to assess electricitys pote
41、ntial to elevate chemical production. The researchers exposed eight different plant species (ranging from Japanese pagoda tree seedlings to pea plants) to weak electrical currents of 30 milliamps. Seven of the plants increased their production o defensive chemicals. The average boost of chemical pro
42、duction was 20 times, they report in Biotechnology Progress. One plant, a type of alfalfa, increased its chemical yield by 168 times. These values are very similar to those achieved using chemical elicitors, and seem to have no lethal effects-just a negative effect on growth. The treatment can be us
43、ed over and over again without the build-up of any unwanted material. The useful compounds would be very easy to harvest: they simply pour out into solution if the plants are grown hydroponically. “The fact that we can use electricity instead of toxic materials to elicit chemical production is very
44、exciting because it means we get to look at how these chemicals form without having to constantly add and remove toxins from the system,“ says Van Etten. “This is a really novel and creative approach that Ive never seen before,“ says plant metabolic engineer Fabricio Medina Bolivar from Arkansas Sta
45、te University in Jonesboro. “The possibilities for using electricity with plants in this way are absolutely tremendous. “31 Electricity acting on plants can be used to _.（A）take precautions against skin infections（B） increase production of useful biologicals（C） increase pharmacological and commercia
46、l value（D）make plants more resistant to attack 32 The traditional ways of increasing the yields of chemical do NOT include _.（A）being attacked by micro-organisms（B） using physical stress elicitors（C） applying copper chloride（D）employing electrical currents on plants 33 Which one of the followings is
47、 NOT the advantage of using electricity?（A）It can achieve the same values as using chemical elicitors.（B） It can be used time and again.（C） It can boost chemical production.（D）It has no adverse impacts on the growth of plants. 34 The views of Fabricio and Van Etten towards the way of using electrici
48、ty to elicit chemical production are _.（A）different（B） opposite（C） similar（D）complementary 35 What is the main idea of the passage?（A）Reactions to the electric stress lead to more chemical yields.（B） Yields of commercially useful biologicals are increased.（C） Using electricity to elicit chemical pro
49、duction is very exciting.（D）Using electricity has a negative effect on plant growth. 35 The current malaise within Zimbabwes tourism industry could benefit its long-term development by forcing it to examine its attitude towards fragile wilderness areas, argues Sally Wynn. My first experience of the Zambezi Rivers unique wilderness quality was a childhood walk upstream from Victoria Falls. Then, the revering bush really was wild and made a very strong first impression. Years later, a canoe trip fro
