1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 62 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass med
2、ia affects the lives of our young by acting as a (an)【1】for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it【2】a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the【3】of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.【4】by wh
3、at is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly【 5】themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the【6】of violence in the media and its【 7】 harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media【8】, suc
4、h as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media,【9】television,【10】public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation【11】by the media, is body image.【12】forces can influence body image posi
5、tively or negatively.【13】one, societaland cultural norms and mass media marketing【14】our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of【15】beauty fill magazines and newspapers,【16】from our televisions and entertain us【17】the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media【18】on accepted cultural v
6、alues of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a【19】 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n)【20】that carries unrealistic physical expectations.（A）alternative（B） preference（C） substitute（D）representative（A）accomplishes（B） fulfills（C） provides（D）suffices（A）risk（B）
7、mercy（C） height（D）expense（A）Absorbed（B） Attracted（C） Aroused（D）Addicted（A）identify（B） recognize（C） unify（D）equate（A）abundance（B） incidence（C） prevalence（D）recurrence（A）disposed（B） hidden（C） implicit（D）potential（A）merged（B） emerged（C） immerged（D）submerged（A）apart from（B） much as（C） but for（D）along wi
8、th（A）promote（B） propel（C） prompt（D）prosper（A）inspired（B） imposed（C） delivered（D）contributed（A）External（B） Exterior（C） Explicit（D）Exposed（A）As（B） At（C） For（D）In（A）mark（B） effect（C） impact（D）shock（A）generalized（B） regularized（C） standardized（D）categorized（A）boom（B） bottom（C） brim（D）beam（A）over（B） with
9、（C） on（D）at（A）play（B） take（C） profit（D）resort（A）barely（B） carefully（C） narrowly（D）subjectively（A）ideal（B） image（C） stereotype（D）criterionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 When, in the age of automation, man s
10、earches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are more or less impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape.If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce as
11、sorted models of useful primates, ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, which is able to understand some scores of words and capable of be
12、ing trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing household chores and even baby-sitting, although I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape.Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more
13、 repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those egregious specimens of Home sapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the
14、 docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twenty-first century version of On the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest afterliterallytaking the wicked labor leader apart.Once a supply of nonhu
15、man workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully given up by mankind, to its great mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has annoyed so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: There would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of
16、 Huxleys Brave New World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, but the second would be a biological triumph which could benef
17、it both men and animals.Notes:surrealistic 超现实的。 primate 灵长类动物。gorilla 大猩猩。baboon 狒狒。chore 杂活。care to do sth. (常用于否定句 )(=willing to do or agree to do sth.) 愿意做某事。trust A with B 把 B 托付给 A. egregious (通常指坏人或坏事) 异乎寻常的，突出的。Home sapiens 人类。finale n. 结局。Epsilons 奴隶人名。assorted 各色各样的。Utopia 乌托邦，理想主义。21 Acco
18、rding to the text, the ape should be considered for certain jobs _.（A）only if it is able to understand scores of words.（B） which do not require any intelligence at all.（C） that are not suitable for human hands to tackle.（D）which are boring and cannot be tackled with machines.22 By “the honest but ha
19、iry hero“ (in Para. 3) the author most probably refers to _.（A）the human supervisor.（B） the geneticists as a whole.（C） the non-human worker.（D）the man breeding super-apes.23 The author states that a supply of non-human workers for low IQ jobs would _.（A）substitute them for humans completely.（B） bene
20、fit man mentally and physically.（C） give rise to the opposition from geneticists.（D）be a disadvantage to many human workers.24 According to the author, breeding super-apes would be _.（A）a problem related to moral standards.（B） as bad as breeding sub-humans.（C） introducing a new form of slavery.（D）an
21、 advance in biological studies.25 The author of this article is _.（A）merely attempting to be humorous about the future workers.（B） revealing his high opinion of mankinds prospect.（C） expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-ape.（D）presenting an applausible theory in a humorous
22、 tone.26 People can get emotional about immigration. Bill OReilly, a talk-show host, devoted a recent segment to the story of an illegal alien who got drunk and accidentally killed two attractive white girls with his car. If only he had been deported for previous misdemeanours, Mr. OReilly raged, th
23、ose girls would still be alive. Another talk-show host, Geraldo Rivera, during an on-air shout-joust(争吵) with Mr. O Reilly, denounced his demagogic choice of story-angle as“ a sin“.President George Bush tried again this week to bring a more rational tone to the debate. He urged the new Democratic Co
24、ngress to revive the immigration reforms that the old Republican Congress killed last year. His proposal was broadly the same as before. He said he wanted to make it harder to enter America illegally, but easier to do so legally, and to offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegals who
25、have already snuck in.The first part faces few political hurdles and is already well under way. Mr. Bush expects to have doubled the number of Border Patrol agents by the end of next year. The new recruits are being trained. And to defend against the invading legions of would-be gardeners and hotel
26、cleaners, the frontier is also equipped with high-tech military gizmos(小发明), such as unmanned spy planes with infra-red(红外) cameras. This may be having some effect. Mr. Bush boasted that the number of people caught sneaking over the border had fallen by nearly 30% this year.And the controversial par
27、t of Mr. Bushs immigration packageallowing more immigrants in and offering those already in America a chance to become legalis still just a plan. House Republicans squashed it last year. Mr. Bush senses a second chance with the new Democratic Congress, but Democrats, like Republicans, are split on t
28、he issue. Some, notably Ted Kennedy, think America should embrace hard-working migrants. Others fret that hard-working migrants will undercut the wages of the native-born.Mr. Bush would like to see the pro-immigrant wings of both parties work together to give him a bill he can sign. The Senate is ex
29、pected to squeeze in a debate next month. The administration is trying to entice law-and-order Republicans on board; a recent leaked memo talked of substantial fines for illegals before they can become legal and“ much bigger“ fines for employers who hire them before they do.The biggest hurdle, howev
30、er, may be the Democrats reluctance to co-operate with Mr. Bush. Some figure that, rather than letting their hated adversary share the credit for fixing the immigration system, they should stall until a Democrat is in the White House and then take it all. So there is a selfish as well as a moral arg
31、ument for making a deal.26 The word “misdemeanours“ (Line 3, Paragraph 1) can be replaced by _.（A）severe crimes.（B） homicide.（C） misbehaviors.（D）nonsense doings.27 Which of the following is proposed by Mr. Bush?（A）Making it harder for immigrants to enter America both legally and illegally.（B） Carryi
32、ng out substantial fine for illegals before they can become legal.（C） Setting up more Border Patrol agents by the end of this year.（D）Allowing more immigrants in and offering them a chance to become legal.28 Some Democrats oppose to Ted Kennedy, because they believe that _.（A）America should encourag
33、e the coming of hard-working migrants.（B） hard-working migrants will make the natives enjoy less salary.（C） diligent migrants will snatch more jobs from natives.（D）migrants will undercut the working conditions of the native-born.29 According to the text, Mr. Bushs plan was opposed by _.（A）Bill OReil
34、ly.（B） Geraldo Rivera.（C） Ted Kennedy.（D）the pro-immigrant wings.30 The Democrats are hesitant to support Mr. Bush on this issue in that _.（A）the plan will be of no value to the Democrats.（B） this issue involves political competition between parties.（C） they want to wait for a democratic president t
35、o improve the plan.（D）they think it is selfish for Mr. Bush to carry out the plan.31 Ever since John Burrows and his wife Carol opened their first hair salon in 1983, they have been taking on apprentices.“In my generation, an apprenticeship was the way to learn a trade so it was the obvious way for
36、us to get the skilled staff we needed,“ Mr. Burrows says.Today, the Burrows salon, Upper Cut in Weston-super-Mare, employs 35 people. Of the 16 stylists, 13 progressed through apprenticeships and Mr. Burrows believes a strong culture of training is integral to the companys success.“Without the appre
37、nticeships scheme our business wouldnt be anything like the size it is today,“ Mr. Burrows says. The high-quality training the apprenticeships provide guarantees growth. The more skills staff have, the more effective a business will become.Although Mr. Burrows is an advocate of the scheme, he conced
38、es that occasionally he has suffered problems.They have experienced episodes of theft, poor time keeping and bad discipline, but these are the sort of thing you get when you employ any number of staff.“Sometimes we have to ask apprentices to leave but often they sort themselves out. One year we had
39、100 percent completion rate, but our average is around 80 percent, which is double the national rate.“There is a risk for small businesses but you can help minimize the potential for problems by looking at the persons history and background.“If Mr. Burrows had one criticism of the scheme, it is that
40、 the National Vocational Qualification certificates are very difficult for many of the apprentices to pass. “The qualifications are not easymany of the youngsters on the scheme are not academically great and they find it difficult. They need a lot of one-to-one coaching and a lot of help to be able
41、to pass. But when they do it can be extremely gratifying.“One of our apprentices was a girl who was dyslexic and had been expelled from a couple of schools. She was difficult at first but the other girls in the salon helped her develop and she went on to achieve NVQ level four. Now she is working fu
42、ll-time and helping other girls through the scheme.Another small company making use of the apprenticeship scheme is the Topiary Tree, a floristry business with two shops in Malton and Helmsley, North Yorkshire. With only three full-time employees it is one of the smallest businesses in the country t
43、o have taken on an apprentice.Gemma Magson, the manager of the business, wanted an apprentice because she was once one herself and wanted to offer someone else the opportunity she had. Her apprentice, also called Gemma, spends four days a week at the shop in Malton and one day a week at the Askham B
44、ryan Training College in York. “The business has really benefited from having Gemma around,“ Ms. Magson says.31 According to Mr. Burrows, the apprenticeship scheme（A）is the only way to begin a career in his generation.（B） can help him find the qualified staff he wanted.（C） is the most important fact
45、or to the companys success.（D）secures his business to confront no problems all along.32 The criticism of Mr. Burrows toward the scheme implies that（A）he is very angry for many of his apprentices failing in acquiring the NVQ certificates.（B） those who have physical defects can impossibly pass the exa
46、ms for NVQ.（C） the apprentices who have got NVQ certificates always choose to leave for an other place.（D）NVQ is so difficult that he has to spend more time in teaching the youngsters.33 From the text, we can infer that（A）most of the apprentices in Mr. Burrows shops can complete the scheme.（B） there
47、 is no appropriate way to avoid the apprentices theft or lateness in the shop.（C） whether they pass the NVQ or not, the apprentices always feel cheerful.（D）during the course of obtaining the NVQ, the apprentices are just rivals, not friends.34 The apprenticeship can bring Gemma Magson many benefits
48、NOT because it（A）makes her free up some time to get on with other things.（B） brings many creative ideas to her for innovating her shops.（C） helps her to offer someone else the opportunity to learn a trade.（D）saves her a lot of energies to expand the business.35 The chief viewpoint of the text is to（
49、A）introduce the present situation of apprentices.（B） demonstrate the importance of apprenticeship.（C） show how to choose an excellent apprentice.（D）compare the differences between two companies in using the apprenticeship.36 Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon, com received one for its “one-click“ online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the natio
