1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 64 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 In talks about reducing the nations exploding health care costs, the word “rationing“ strikes fear into the hearts of both patients
2、 and doctors. Why, many people ask, shouldnt the richest country in the world spend【C1 】_is necessary to protect and preserve its citizens health? This is the philosophy【C2】_which our health care system operates, and it【C3】_to bankrupt us without【C4】_improving our health. In more【C5】_than many peopl
3、e realize, doing more medically can be worse than doing less. Too【C6】_, costly, overly aggressive medical care causes more pain and suffering than if nothing had been done at all.Our【 C7】_and demands of health care must change, and we must【 C8】_with the incentives for tremendous waste that are now【C
4、9】_into the system. A growing body of research【C10】_that about 30 percent of what is now spent on medical tests and procedures is wasteful,【C11】_to benefit anyone except those whose pockets are【 C12】_as a result.【C13】_this waste is curbed, rationing will almost certainly become a reality in the not-
5、too-distant future.Patients dont want to be【C14】_a test or treatment that they or their doctors believe could improve their health or save their lives no matter what the【C15】_. But【C16】_faith in a procedures【C17】_is not enough. Each medical decision should be based on the best available evidence,【C1
6、8】_with the doctors best clinical judgment about what is right for each patient. Only then can we【C19】_the current practice of doing whatever is possible, no matter what the【C20】_of success.1 【C1 】（A）anything（B） however（C） everything（D）whatever2 【C2 】（A）over（B） under（C） for（D）with3 【C3 】（A）promises（
7、B） seeks（C） fails（D）happens4 【C4 】（A）immediately（B） accidentally（C） necessarily（D）particularly5 【C5 】（A）incidence（B） instant（C） incidents（D）instances6 【C6 】（A）surprisingly（B） often（C） obviously（D）soon7 【C7 】（A）expectations（B） interpretations（C） evaluations（D）investigations8 【C8 】（A）comply（B） reckon（
8、C） meet（D）end9 【C9 】（A）fit（B） expanded（C） built（D）introduced 10 【C10 】（A）insists（B） instructs（C） informs（D）indicates11 【C11 】（A）insufficient（B） enough（C） unlikely（D）liable12 【C12 】（A）lined（B） picked（C） hit（D）drained13 【C13 】（A）Unless.（B） As（C） Lest（D）Since14 【C14 】（A）declined（B） denied（C） deprived（D
9、）defied15 【C15 】（A）difficulty（B） cost（C） result（D）risk16 【C16 】（A）similar（B） shared（C） slight（D）simple17 【C17 】（A）uniqueness（B） inclusiveness（C） effectiveness（D）thoroughness18 【C18 】（A）coordinated（B） connected（C） combined（D）compared19 【C19 】（A）take account of（B） keep an eye on（C） make use of（D）put a
10、n end to20 【C20 】（A）odds（B） aims（C） means（D）returnsPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force and gravity and inventing the calculus in the la
11、te 1600s. probably knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the following 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modern high school student probably now possesses more scientific knowledge
12、 than Newton did, yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts.One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specialized, with limited success. As a biologist, I wouldnt expect to get past the first two sentences of a physics paper.
13、 Even papers in immunology or cell biology mystify meand so do some papers in my own field, neurobiology. Every day my expertise seems to get narrower. So scientists have had to fall back on another strategy for coping with the mountain of information: we largely ignore it.That shouldnt come as a su
14、rprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to be a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discovery raises 10 new questions, as playwright Geor
15、ge Bernard Shaw sardonically declared in a dinner toast to Albert Einstein.By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we have come to know, there is far more we dont know. More important, everyday there is far more we k
16、now we dont know. One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do: they
17、 make distinctions between qualities of ignorance.This perspective on science-that it is about the questions more than the answers should come as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. And emphasizing ignorance is inclusive; it makes everyon
18、e feel more equal in the same way the infinity of space pares everyone down to size.Of late this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science -that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if scientists would tal
19、k about the questions rather than boring your eyes out of their sockets with reams of jargon, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created then we might find a public once again engaged in this great adventure that has been go
20、ing on for the past 15 generations.21 The first paragraph intends to show that many of us_.（A）are in persistent pursuit of knowledge（B） are intimidated by the infinity of science（C） overestimate the knowledge possessed by great scientists（D）feel astonished at the rapid development of science22 The a
21、uthor cites his own story to demonstrate that_.（A）science is a mountain impenetrable to most of us（B） different professions are separated as by mountains（C） subjects division fails to yield the fruits as desired（D）the path to science requires effective strategies23 According to the text, science is
22、mainly about_.（A）eliminating ignorance（B） unfolding facts（C） cultivating persistence（D）inspiring curiosity24 Those who hold the accumulation view of science are most likely to _.（A）focus on new fields while ignoring established knowledge（B） rejoice over new findings while not caring further explorat
23、ion（C） value the fun in doing science while ignoring the pain in accumulating knowledge（D）discuss science with common words instead of special terms25 Which of the following may be the best title for this text?（A）Dominance of Impenetrability View of Science（B） Two Strategies to Conquer the Mountain
24、of Facts（C） What Science Wants to Know（D）Whether Specialisation is a Good Idea25 Helping terminally ill people to commit suicide should be made legal under strict new safeguards, a major independent report is expected to recommend this week. The eagerly a-waited advice from the Commission on Assiste
25、d Dying, chaired by Lord Falconer, a former lord chancellor, is likely to criticise the current legal framework and suggest that, in some cases, those who encourage or assist another to die should no longer be threatened with prosecution. The report is certain to reignite the fierce debate between a
26、dvocates and opponents of euthanasia.Baroness Warnock, a leading expert in medical ethics, backs a change to the law, which currently leaves someone who assists in the suicide of a friend or loved one liable to up to 14 years in prison. Warnock says that if parliament does not change the lawif “aidi
27、ng or abetting suicide remains a form of murder“then “the only remedy is to follow the Law Societys long-standing advice and change the law of murder“.Opponents of assisted dying say that the commission, which has members from medicine, law, academia, the police and politics, is packed with euthanas
28、ia supporters. But Warnock, who is not on the commission, says it has interviewed expert witnesses “thoroughly and conscientiously“.Although the current law is clear that assisting someone to die is illegal, the director of public prosecutions, Keir Starmer, has produced guidelines to clarify when a
29、n individual might not face prosecution. These suggest that relatives acting on compassionate grounds are unlikely to go to jail, but those acting in a professional capacity, such as doctors or nurses, are much more likely to face charges.Those backing a change in the law accept they are unlikely to
30、 convince the current government to push their recommendations through parliament. But they hope the report will help make the case for change. A Ministry of Justice spokesperson said: “The government believes that any change to the law in this emotive and contentious area is an issue of individual
31、conscience and a matter for parliament to decide, rather than government policy. “Warnock says that the status quo is not satisfactory. “For one thing, the law classes together the actions of some one who broadcasts encouragement to suicide to the world at large with one who agonisingly decides that
32、, out of compassion, when asked to do so, he must help a person he loves to escape from suffering. For another thing, the only people who may not be exempt from prosecution are professionals, doctors or nurses, who are the only people with the knowledge to be sure of success. Nothing could be more t
33、errible than a clumsy suicide, a terminally ill person determined to die brought back to yet more horrible life. “26 The report is most likely to treat assisted dying as_.（A）a great relief（B） a wicked devil（C） an ethical practice（D）a double-effect action27 Which of the following statements is true a
34、ccording to Paragraph 2?（A）Assisted suicide violates the law of murder.（B） Assisted suicide on compassionate grounds is not murder.（C） The law on aided suicide contradicts the law of murder.（D）The Law Society holds the same idea as the Commission on Assisted Dying.28 According to Keir Starmer, prose
35、cution is most likely to brought against a doctor_.（A）who assisted his terminally ill wife to commit suicide（B） who aided his son paralysed from the chest down to die（C） who assisted his terminally ill patient to die by prescribing high-dose morphine（D）who prescribed modern medicine for his patient
36、and prolonged his agony of dying29 The governments attitude to the change in the law can be described as one of_.（A）disapproval（B） appreciation（C） tolerance（D）evasiveness30 Baroness Warnock would probably agree that the law should punish_.（A）those who preach suicide（B） those who commit suicide（C） th
37、ose who assist suicide without skills（D）those who assist suicide out of individual conscience30 A commonplace observation of weather fluctuating between a severe heat wave and a fairly cool day may be what dooms us to climate catastrophe, in two ways. On one side, the variability of temperatures fro
38、m day to day and year to year makes it easy to miss, ignore or obscure the longer-term upward trend. On the other, even a fairly modest rise in average temperatures translates into a much higher frequency of extreme events like the devastating drought now gripping Americas heartland that do vast dam
39、age.Then how should we think about the relationship between climate change and day-to-day experience? Almost a quarter of a century ago James Hansen, the NASA scientist who did more than anyone to put climate change on the agenda, suggested the analogy of loaded dice. Imagine, he and his associates
40、suggested, representing the probabilities of a hot, average or cold summer by historical standards as a die with two faces painted red, two white and two blue. By the early 21st century, they predicted, it would be as if four of the faces were red, one white and one blue. Hot summers would become mu
41、ch more frequent, but there would still be cold summers now and then. And so it has proved.But thats not all: really extreme high temperatures, the kind of thing that used to happen very rarely in the past, have now become fairly common. Think of it as rolling two sixes, which happens less than 3 pe
42、rcent of the time with fair dice, but more often when the dice are loaded. And this rising incidence of extreme events, reflecting the same variability of weather that can obscure the reality of climate change, means that the costs of climate change arent a distant prospect, decades in the future. O
43、n the contrary, theyre already here, even though so far global temperatures are only about 1 degree Fahrenheit above their historical norms, a small fraction of their eventual rise if we dont act.The great Midwestern drought is a case in point. This drought has already sent corn prices to their high
44、est level ever. If it continues, it could cause a global food crisis, because the U. S. heartland is still the worlds breadbasket. And yes, the drought is linked to climate change: such events have happened before, but theyre much more likely now than they used to be. Now, maybe this drought will br
45、eak in time to avoid the worst. But there will be more events like this.Will the current drought finally lead to serious climate action? History isnt encouraging. The deniers will surely keep on denying, especially because conceding at this point that the science theyve trashed was right all along w
46、ould be to admit their own culpability for the looming disaster. And the public is all too likely to lose interest again the next time the dice comes up white or blue.31 According to the first paragraph, climate catastrophe occurs because of _.（A）our failure to react to gradual but significant chang
47、es（B） our inability to observe the modest and short-run weather trends（C） the increasing difficulty in predicting devastating weather extremes（D）the increasingly frequent fluctuations between a heat wave and a cold one32 By the analogy of loaded dice, James Hansen intended to highlight _.（A）the stro
48、ng correlation between climate change and daily experiences（B） the equal distribution of hot, average or cold weather conditions（C） the abnormal alternation between cold summers and hot ones（D）the disadvantage that climate change has already put people at33 In the authors view, variability of weathe
49、r_.（A）reflects the future trend of climate change（B） mirrors the rising occurrence of extreme events（C） leads to the public ignorance of climate change（D）worsens the damages of climate change34 The great Midwestern drought is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to show_.（A）its connection to global food crises（B） its causal linkage to climate change（C） the urgent need for climate action（D）the rising occurre
