1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 70 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 With the depletion of the cod fishery and so many other coastal fish stocks worldwide, the fishing industry has turned to the high
2、seas to exploit their resources. Fishing operations are now【B1】_the seamounts, oceanic ridges and plateaus of the deep ocean【B2】_national jurisdiction, where ownership and responsibility do not【B3 】_to any nation.【B4 】_a decade or more, we have caused significant damage to【B5 】_unknown ecosystems, d
3、epleted species and probably doomed many others to【B6】_. Every day, commercial fishing fleets【B7】_primarily from just 11 nations venture【B8】_the high seas to fish the deep ocean. Whats left is truly a lonely, infertile, undersea desert.The high seas are very special. It is here where you can find【B9
4、】_groupings of animals that【B10】_their energy from sources【B11】_the sun around volcanoes on the deep sea floor. It is only here where you can find areas still free from introduced species,【B12】_in the seas around Antarctica. And it is here where you can find【 B13】_organisms that are more than 8,000
5、years old, like many of the massive deep-sea corals.But what really sets the high seas【B14】_from all other areas we know is the【B15】_lack of protection for any of this natural heritage.A United Nations meeting recently finally pay great attention to the high seas and put them on the【B16】_. Governmen
6、t officials from around the world gathered together with scientists, representatives from the fishing【B17】_, conservation groups and other stake-holders to discuss conservation and【B18】_use of marine biological diversity in the high seas,【B19】_64 percent of the Earths surface.They need to move quick
7、ly.【B20】_the fragility of these environments, we simply do not have the luxury of time, but we can act before it is too late. 1 【B1 】（A）pointing（B） intending（C） targeting（D）aiming2 【B2 】（A）with（B） under（C） about（D）beyond3 【B3 】（A）belong（B） submit（C） yield（D）commit4 【B4 】（A）On a basis of（B） With rega
8、rd to（C） In the course of（D）For fear of5 【B5 】（A）sharply（B） largely（C） ultimately（D）eventually6 【B6 】（A）extinction（B） exhaustion（C） destruction（D）damage7 【B7 】（A）disposed（B） dispatched（C） transmitted（D）departed8 【B8 】（A）across（B） underneath（C） onto（D）into9 【B9 】（A）heavy（B） massive（C） thick（D）dense10
9、 【B10 】（A）originate（B） deduce（C） infer（D）derive11 【B11 】（A）sooner than（B） other than（C） rather than（D）better than12 【B12 】（A）like（B） such（C） as（D）so13 【B13 】（A）living（B） alive（C） lively（D）vital14 【B14 】（A）aside（B） far（C） apart（D）away15 【B15 】（A）overwhelming（B） unmatchable（C） intolerable（D）unforeseen
10、16 【B16 】（A）program（B） schedule（C） agenda（D）procedure17 【B17 】（A）part（B） sector（C） branch（D）section18 【B18 】（A）durable（B） sustaining（C） sustainable（D）sustained19 【B19 】（A）covering（B） ranging（C） mounting（D）taking20 【B20 】（A）Providing（B） Despite（C） Given（D）ForPart ADirections: Read the following four
11、texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 It has been 50 years since the Trieste submersible made the only descent of humans into the deepest place in the ocean, the Mariana Trench. In the coming decades, we need to look again into the depths of our own piec
12、e of the solar system. Weve explored only about 5 percent of the ocean. Its maddening that we know so little about what the seafloor looked like at the site of the Deepwater Horizon spill before the oil began to leak. Its only a mile underwater! For us to have better maps of the moon, Mars, and Jupi
13、ter than our own ocean floor is baffling.The natural world, especially the ocean, keeps us alive. More than half of all of the oxygen in our atmosphere is generated by organisms in the sea. We need to understand the systems that sustain us. Underwater monitoring and remote-operated vehicles such as
14、the Nereus are improving, but those alone are not enough. The human brain and senses, the ability to wonder and to confront the unexpectedyou cant get that out of a machine.Japan, Russia, and France(but not the United States)have deep-diving submersibles that can carry humans down to 5,000 meters an
15、d beyond. There is currently no manned sub with the capacity to go to full ocean depth, 11,000 meters. The technology already exists; We could build a pair of three-person deep-diving subs for less than $ 50 million. James Cameron is well on the way to having a one-person sub for that depth.Therefor
16、e, we need to pull up our socks and realize that we still have a chance to prevent the loss of all sharks, coral reefs, and rain forests and to stabilize our atmosphere and the acidification of our oceans. Living in undersea laboratories nine times, Ive had the opportunity to get to know individual
17、fish and their quirky habits. Ive met humpback whales, sea turtles, giant groupers, and an egg-bearing octopus I encountered in a one-person subcreatures who had never seen a human before.Many animals are struggling through this time of perilous change. But we alone can understand what is happening
18、and what to do about it. Seeing the sharp declines in parts of the ocean I have come to know and love reminds me that as we look into new ways to protect our planet from climate change, we need to look again at the natural machinery that already works, that developed over four and a half billion yea
19、rs, and do everything we can to restore its functions. It is the engine that will power us to the future.21 What can we infer from Paragraph 1?（A）Ocean exploration has made little progress so far.（B） Deep parts of the solar system should be studied.（C） More work is needed for a better use of marine
20、resources.（D）Submersibles can hardly reach as deep as one mile underwater.22 The author holds that further ocean exploration mostly relies on_.（A）human intellect（B） cost reduction（C） development of technology（D）participation of more nations23 The authors experience in the sub mentioned in Paragraph
21、4 is to_.（A）introduce some species people scarcely know（B） enrich our knowledge about the ocean（C） amuse us with more vivid details（D）exemplify the need for marine conservation24 It is implied in the last two paragraphs that_.（A）the acidification is an indicator of the declines of the ocean（B） human
22、s should harmonize their activity with the laws of nature（C） climate change has endangered many marine creatures（D）most energy for future development can be obtained from the sea25 Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?（A）More financial support is a key to new technology.（
23、B） Greater focus is required for ocean exploration.（C） Oil production has done great damage to the sea.（D）The United States can benefit more from deep-diving.25 The nations economic collapse jolted many New Yorkers into financial distress, driving some into poverty and dependence on food stamps and
24、unemployment benefits and even altering their living arrangements between 2007 and 2009, according to census data released Tuesday that offered the first extensive measure of how the city weathered the recession.Although New York City has fared better than the country as a whole, recording smaller i
25、ncreases in poverty and smaller declines in household income, more subtle indicators, like the rise in the number of New Yorkers living in homes without kitchens, underscore the struggles confronting many.The Census Bureaus 2009 American Community Survey also found that from 2007 to 2009, the income
26、 of single people in the city shrank the most among New Yorkers; the poverty rate edged up among people 15 to 64 years old; both parents were in the work force more often; home values dipped; the share of renters increased compared with owners; more renters were paying over 35 percent of their incom
27、e on housing; and a smaller share said they owned two vehicles. The proportion of very rich and very poor New Yorkers rose slightly, and the gap between them remained higher in New York than in any other state, and, in Manhattan, higher than in any other county in the country.Earlier this year, the
28、city said its own more sophisticated measure of poverty classified 22 percent of New Yorkers as poor in 2008, when the Census Bureau put the official figure at 17. 6 percent. Officials would not speculate on what the 2009 rate would be by the more complex measure that takes account of costs like com
29、muting and day care and benefits like tax credits.“The official measure does not include much of what has been done to cushion the blow of the recession on low-income families,“ said Mark K. Levitan, poverty research director for the citys Center for Economic Opportunity. “ The new and expanded tax
30、credits and the large increase in food stamp participation dont get counted in the official measure; they will get counted in ours. “Joel Berg, executive director of the New York City Coalition Against Hunger, said the rising raw numbers and percentages of city residents living below the federal pov
31、erty line($ 17,600 for a family of three)and the shrinking income of many New Yorkers were “the latest proof that low-income, hungry and even middle-class New Yorkers are suffering mightily in this recession, even as the ultrarich become even wealthier. “ 26 What can we infer from Paragraph 1 and Pa
32、ragraph 2?（A）Dependence on food stamps may not have been counted in previous census.（B） Few people suffered from recession in New York than in other cities. .（C） The recession affects the New Yorkers in some subtle ways.（D）The household income in New York is higher than that in other cities.27 By ci
33、ting the data from the 2009 survey, the author intends to show_.（A）a remarkable change in home value（B） a growing gap between the rich and the poor（C） various difference between renters and owners（D）specific aspects of the financial distress28 According to Mark K. Levitan, the official measure of po
34、verty seems to be_.（A）less comprehensive（B） potentially misleading（C） falsely low（D）entirely wrong29 The word “cushion“(Line 1, Paragraph 5)is closest in meaning to_.（A）relieve（B） reinforce（C） reveal（D）remove30 What can we conclude from the text?（A）The government may be over-optimistic about the sit
35、uation.（B） Measure of poverty tends to be more complicated in the future.（C） New Yorkers are suffering more from the recession than expected.（D）The recession has confronted every stratum of American society.30 Nobody likes stress. Not only can it cause sleepless nights and irritable days, we all sus
36、pect, at some level, that it cant be good for our health. Now we can add another reason to reduce the stress in our lives; It may impair our thinking when were older, adding tarnish to the luster of our golden years.A recent study in the journal Neurology concludes that people who experience chronic
37、 psychological distress, such as anxiety or depression, are up to 40 percent more likely to develop mild cognitive impairment(MCI)than people not prone to distress. What is MCI? Well, its not dementia, but it does represent a measurable decline in thinking ability and may affect more than 30 percent
38、 of the older population. It was found that psychological distress did not appear to correlate with age, education, or gender. But people with higher distress scores tended to have more depressive symptoms. And those who are prone to chronic distress have been shown to be more likely to develop Alzh
39、eimers disease. They also are more likely to have their thinking decline at a faster rate.What this study doesnt tell us is how chronic distress leads to the development of MCI. The authors of the study have some ideas: Perhaps being prone to chronic distress is one of the earliest signs of having M
40、CI. I find this idea less than appealing, because it suggests that the horse is already out of the barn when it comes to chronic distress and the development of MCI. Fortunately, the authors believe there is a more likely explanation.Their leading theory is that stress has adverse effects on the par
41、ts of our brains that help us form and keep memories. They point out that there is evidence that stress has been shown to reduce our ability to form memories, and that severe stresslike post-traumatic stress disordermay cause changes in the memory-forming parts of the brain. I find this a far more a
42、ppealing theory, as its based on studies of how our brains work and gives us a chance to “turn things around“ by dealing with chronic distress in a positive way.So for now, lets focus on what we do know: that reducing the stress in our lives is good for lots of reasons. Its good for our complexions,
43、 probably good for our hearts, and maybe even good for our brains.31 In the first paragraph, the author introduces the topic by_.（A）justifying an assumption（B） describing a scene（C） making a comparison（D）challenging a theory32 Which of the following is TRUE of MCI?（A）It may lead to sharp decline in
44、thinking.（B） It relates to Alzheimers disease in some way.（C） It is the earliest sign of chronic distress.（D）It can be a result of longtime stress.33 By “the horse is already out of the barn“(Line 3,Paragraph 3)the author means_.（A）it is too late to do anything（B） we are at a total loss（C） the resul
45、t is unpredictable（D）peoples lives may be threatened34 It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that_.（A）loss of memory can be attributed to stress（B） post-traumatic stress is a kind of brain disorder（C） severe stress may hinder memory forming（D）chronic distress has not been correctly dealt with35 In the auth
46、ors opinion, the new study_.（A）failed to draw a firm conclusion（B） gave contradictory explanations（C） raised practical solution to mental diseases（D）shed some light on the problem concerned35 Traditionally, the labor market is seen as a mechanism for pairing people with jobs in which matching cannot
47、 take place instantly. This way of thinking about the jobs market owes an intellectual debt to research on markets with search frictions carried out by Peter Diamond of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dale Mortensen of Northwestern University and Christopher Pissarides of the London Schoo
48、l of Economics. On October 11th they were awarded this years Nobel Prize for Economics for their work. The economists approach was a sharp break from the norm in the early 1970s, when standard economic models mostly treated labor as a commodity which had the workers wage as its price. There could be
49、 no unemployment in the simplest versions of these models, because wages would fall instantly to eliminate it. True, few economists took these simple models literally: lots of research was done to modify their assumptions and generate more realistic results, often by making it harder for wages to fall. But even the modified models took little note of data on how people flowed into and out of employment.
