1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 83 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 When a disease of epidemic proportions threatens the public, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of aff
2、liction and find ways to combat. Vaccination is one of the effective ways to protect the (1)_ population of a region or country which may be (2)_ grave risk. The process of vaccination allows the patients body to (3)_ immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it (
3、4)_ naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead (5)_ of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, (6)_ his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader (7)_. Information (8)_ how to penetrate the diseases defenses is (9)_ to all elements of the pati
4、ents immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that (10)_ the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to (11)_ with it, having already done so before.There are, howe
5、ver, dangers (12)_ in the process. (13)_, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves (14)_ much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system (15)_, and, therefore, the patients death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, (16)_ to eradicate the smallpox ep
6、idemic that nearly (17)_ the whole Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. (18)_ l in 10,000 people who receive the vaccine (19)_ the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Consequently, the process, which is truly a (20)_, may indeed hide some hidden c
7、urses.Notes:proportions (pl.)规模；程度；大小affliction (疾病)痛苦vaccination n. 接种疫苗eradicate v. 根除,消灭（A）entire（B） total（C） complete（D）complex（A）in（B） at（C） under（D）beyond（A）eliminate（B） identify（C） develop（D）deliver（A）up（B） against（C） with（D）off（A）strain（B） spell（C） series（D）fit（A）only if（B） so that（C） in cas
8、e（D）seeing that（A）radically（B） directly（C） properly（D）presumably（A）for（B） of（C） to（D）on（A）transmitted（B） transferred（C） transported（D）transformed（A）would（B） should（C） if only（D）even if（A）handle（B） familiarize（C） deal（D）tackle（A）available（B） plausible（C） accessible（D）inherent（A）On occasion（B） By cont
9、rast（C） In addition（D）On the contrary（A）so（B） too（C） rather（D）quite（A）hurting（B） hindering（C） deteriorating（D）endangering（A）invented（B） discovered（C） investigated（D）designed（A）wiped out（B） ruled out（C） break down（D）died out（A）Fortunately（B） Approximately（C） Naturally（D）Specifically（A）infects（B） affe
10、cts（C） effects（D）contracts（A）luck（B） triumph（C） blessing（D）promiseGrammar21 _you are studying now, you wont make much progress.（A）Way that（B） The way（C） The way how（D）Way how22 Plastics are the best insulator of electricity, rubber_it closely.（A）following（B） followed（C） to follow（D）being followed23
11、Tom was glad that his success would_for those who would follow.（A）be easier（B） be easier to make（C） make it easier（D）make things easier24 She remembered several occasions in the past_she had experienced a similar feeling.（A）which（B） before（C） that（D）when25 If there were no subjunctive mood, English
12、_ much easier to learn.（A）could have been（B） would be（C） will be（D）would have been26 _enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.（A）Giving（B） To give（C） Given（D）Being given27 David Singer, my friends father, _raised and educated in New York, lived and
13、lectured in Africa most of his life.（A）who（B） if（C） while（D）though28 Oh, what a nuisance! It_so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, and I have left them on the table at home.（A）would have beer（B） had been（C） would be（D）was29 _finished speaking when someone rose to refute his
14、 points.（A）Hardly he had（B） He hardly has（C） Had he hardly（D）Hardly had he30 _a crowd of spectators, Bill felt nervous.（A）Watched（B） Watching（C） Being watched by（D）Having watchedPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points
15、)30 Jacoby “There is an invisible line in this business between amateur and professional. Until someone has invested time and money in you, you are on the amateur side of the line. And the truth is, no one is interested in an amateur. Theyre interested in a professional“.At the centre of this positi
16、ve story, and supporting all that record companies do, is copyright. Record labels continued investment in music reflects confidence in the future of the value of copyright. That is why we go to such lengths to ensure that copyright is properly respected and protected.36 Which of the following aspec
17、ts about record companies remains unchanged in the DIY age?（A）Their core mission.（B） The nature of their investment.（C） Their status in the entertaining industry.（D）The forms of their cooperation with artists37 It is indicated in Paragraphs 3 and 4 that record labels nowadays_.（A）rarely pay artists
18、in advance（B） depend heavily on mass media advertising（C） have flexible cooperation with artists（D）cater to the demands of music fans38 Keith Harriss words are cited to illustrate_.（A）the distinction between amateurs and professionals（B） the difficulty for artists to promote professional careers（C）
19、record labels interest in professionals instead of amateurs（D）the indispensable role of record labels to the careers of artists39 Record labels are most likely to be shaken by_.（A）a declining world market（B） high investment costs（C） artists self-publishing（D）a loose copyright law40 Which of the foll
20、owing would be the best title for the text?（A）Record Companies; A New Era Lies Ahead（B） Record Labels: Flourishing in the DIY Age（C） What Has the Internet Brought to Record Labels ?（D）Where Might the Relationship between Record Labels and Artists Go?41 Learning science helps children to develop ways
21、 of understanding the world around them. For this they have to build up concepts which help them link their experiences together; they must learn ways of gaining and organizing information and of applying and testing ideas. This contributes not only to childrens ability to make better sense of thing
22、s around them, but prepares them to deal more effectively with wider decision-making and problem-solving in their lives. Science is as basic a part of education as numeracy and literacy; it daily becomes more important as the complexity of technology increases and touches every part of our lives.Lea
23、rning science can bring a double benefit because science is both a method and a set of ideas; both a process and a product. The process of science provide a way of finding out information, testing ideas and seeking explanations. The products of science are ideas which can be applied in helping to un
24、derstand new experiences.The word “can“ is used advisedly here; it indicates that there is the potential to bring these benefits but no guarantee that they will be realized without taking the appropriate steps. In learning science the development of the process side and the product side must go hand
25、 in hand; they are totally interdependent. This has important implications for the kinds of activities children need to encounter in their education. But before pursuing these implications, there are still two further important points which underline the value of including science in primary educati
26、on.The first is that whether we teach children science or not, they will be developing ideas about the world around from their earliest years. If these ideas are based on casual observation, non-investigated events and the acceptance of hearsay, then they are likely to be non-scientific, “everyday“
27、ideas. There are plenty of such ideas around for children to pick up. My mother believed (and perhaps still does despite my efforts) that if the sun shines through the window on to the fire it puts the fire out, that cheese maggots (a common encounter in her youth when food was sold unwrapped)are ma
28、de of cheese and develop spontaneously from it, that placing a lid on a pan of boiling water makes it boil at a lower temperature, that electricity travels more easily if the wires are not twisted. Similar myths still abound and no doubt influence childrens attempts to make sense of their experience
29、. As well as hearsay, left to themselves, children will also form some ideas which seem unscientific; for example, that to make something move requires a force but to stop it needs no force. All these ideas could easily be put to the test; childrens science education should make children want to do
30、it. Then they not only have the chance to modify their ideas, but they learn to be skeptical about so-called “truths until these have been put to the test. Eventually they will realize that all ideas are working hypotheses which can never be proved right, but are useful as long as they fit the evide
31、nce of experience and experiment.The importance of beginning this learning early in childrens education is twofold. On the one hand the children begin to realize that useful ideas must fit the evidence; on the other hand they are less likely to form and to accept everyday ideas which can be shown to
32、 be indirect conflict with evidence and scientific concepts. There are research findings to show that the longer the non-scientific ideas have been held, the more difficult they are to change. Many children come to secondary science, not merely lacking the scientific ideas they need, but possessing
33、alternative ideas which are a barrier to understanding their science lessons.The second point about starting to learn science, and to learn scientifically, at the primary level is connected with attitudes to the subject. There is evidence that attitudes to science seem to be formed earlier than to m
34、ost other subjects and children tend to have taken a definite position with regard to their liking of the subject by the age of 11 to 12. Given the remarks just made about the clash between the non-scientific ideas that many children bring to their secondary science lessons and the scientific ideas
35、they are assumed to have, it is not surprising that many find science confusing and difficult. Such reactions undoubtedly affect their later performance in science. Although there is a lesson here for secondary science, it is clear that primary science can do much to avoid this crisis at the primary
36、/secondary interface.41 The passage mainly discusses_.（A）the importance of science in human development（B） the proper ways of teaching children science（C） the necessity for children to learn science（D）the correct attitude to science as a subject in primary education42 All the following are mentioned
37、 in the passage as reasons why children should learn science EXCEPT_.（A）making better sense of things around them（B） improving their decision-making ability（C） cultivating their problem-solving ability（D）developing their total personality43 Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED according to the pa
38、ssage?（A）The appropriate steps to be taken in teaching children science（B） The importance for children to learn science（C） The necessity of including science in primary education（D）The benefits learning science can bring about44 The writers main purpose of writing paragraph 4 is_.（A）to illustrate ho
39、w children may behave to unscientific ideas（B） to explain why children so easily pick up unscientific ideas（C） to tell the readers his own experience when he was young（D）to support the idea that science should be included in primary education45 It can be inferred from the passage that_.（A）many prima
40、ry school teachers do not pay enough attention to the proper arrangement of their subjects（B） children may easily be affected by their parents attitude to science（C） the early learning of science may have a positive effect on childrens later development（D）everyone should learn something about scienc
41、e46 Niall FitzGerald would have liked to leave Unilever in a blaze of glory when he retires at the end of September. The co-chief executive of the Anglo-Dutch consumer-goods group was one of the godfathers of Unilevers “Path to Growth“ strategy of focusing on its brands, which was launched live year
42、s ago. But the plan failed to deliver on many of its promises. On September 20th, Unilever warned that it would not report its promised double-digit growth in profits this year.It is a tough time for producers of branded consumer goods. Unilever and its competitors have to cope with pressure on pric
43、es and stiff competition from supermarkets own brands, Colgate-Palmolive warned of lower profits on the same day, Nestle recently disappointed investors with its latest results. Even so, Unilever admits the bulk of its troubles are self-inflicted. The “Path to Growth“ strategy aimed to make the firm
44、 more efficient. Unilever saved about 4 billion euro ($4.9 billion) in costs over the past five years and reduced its portfolio of brands front 1,600 to some 450, but it still failed to meet its targets for profit and sales, reporting a sales decline of 0.7% for the second quarter of this year.Andre
45、w Wood at Sanford Bernstein, an investment-research firm, thinks the main problem is under-investment in advertising and marketing, an infatuation with brands and unrealistic performance targets. Unilever cut its ad and marketing expenditure at the worst moment, says Mr. Wood. Commoditised products
46、are especially vulnerable to the onslaught of retailers own brands. In margarine, for instance, retailers own brands now capture as much as one-fifth of the market. Unilever also over extended some successful brands, for instance Bertollis olive oils and pasta sauces. According to Mr. Wood, Unilever
47、 can sustainably grow its business about 3% a year; it was shooting for 5-6%.Unilevers chief financial officer (CFO) counters that consumers look for a product and then buy a brand, so his firm needs to focus on brands. Unilever intends to step up its marketing efforts, al though ad spending is supp
48、osed to remain at current levels. At present, Unilever spends 14.5% of sales on ads. But even the CFO admits the company has “issues of competitiveness“. After seven quarters of disappointing performance, it needs to regain credibility with investors. Over the next few months, management will rethin
49、k its strategy for the next five-year plan. Patrick Cescau, a Frenchman who will take over from Mr. FitzGerald, is inheriting a tricky legacy.46 Which of the following about “Path to Growth“ strategy is true?（A）It is hard to carry out.（B） It has a glorious history.（C） it underlines Unilevers brands.（D）It brings high growth.47 According to the passage, Niall FitzGerald（A）is an incompetent leader.（
