1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 84 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union
2、 among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider monetary union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countries (1)_ themselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficits (2)_ 10 percent of the previous years government (3)_; red
3、ucing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council to help (4)_ macroeconomic policies; and (5)_ up a common central bank. Their declaration (6)_ that, “Member States (7)_ the need (8)_ strong political commitment and (9)_ to (10)_ all such national polici
4、es (11)_ would facilitate the regional monetary integration process“.The goal of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended to (12)_ broader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade and (13)_ i
5、nstitutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countries in the region. (14)_ independence, (15)_, these currency boards were (16)_, with the (17)_ of the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the age
6、nda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other economic priorities in several of the regions countries have to (18)_ inhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in I999 of a democratic government and a leader who is co
7、mmitted to regional (19)_ in Nigeria, the largest economy of the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can be (20)_.（A）committed（B） devoted（C） adjusted（D）attributed（A）to（B） by（C） with（D）until（A）finance（B） profit（C） income（D）revenue（A）coordinate（B） draft（C） ordinate（D）compromise（A）build
8、ing（B） setting（C） founding（D）erecting（A）says（B） writes（C） reads（D）states（A）accept（B） understand（C） recognize（D）realize（A）for（B） of（C） with（D）without（A）commence（B） undertake（C） initiate（D）try（A）pursue（B） seek（C） quest（D）explore（A）which（B） that（C） as（D）what（A）accompany（B） enforce（C） execute（D）compel（A
9、）common（B） separate（C） several（D）public（A）Towards（B） From（C） By（D）On（A）therefore（B） moreover（C） however（D）thus（A）dissolved（B） discharged（C） dismissed（D）dispelled（A）consideration（B） intention（C） exception（D）regard（A）date（B） degree（C） extent（D）a way（A）development（B） prosperity（C） integration（D）coopera
10、tion（A）revived（B） renew（C） restore（D）refreshedGrammar21 Jack wishes that he_business instead of history when he was in university.（A）had studied（B） study（C） studied（D）had been studying22 You cant imagine_.（A）what did we have awful weather（B） what weather awful did we have（C） what awful weather we di
11、d have（D）what awful weather had we23 Living in the central Australian desert has its problems,_obtaining water is not the least.（A）as（B） whose（C） for which（D）of which24 A series of lectures on radio engineering_scheduled.（A）have been（B） has been（C） are（D）had been25 _considered the human body aesthet
12、ically satisfactory.（A）Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban man（B） Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man（C） No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban man（D）Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man26 “John isnt here now. “ “_left by the back
13、door?“（A）Must he have（B） Might he have（C） Had he（D）Should he have27 Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_ trouble.（A）making（B） to make（C） to have made（D）having made28 If the work_completed by the end of the month is delayed, the construction company will be fi
14、ned.（A）being（B） to be（C） will be（D）has been29 The party, _I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.（A）by which（B） for which（C） to which（D）at which30 Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably_a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.（A）no
15、more（B） not more（C） even more（D）much morePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 Americans Become Pessimistic from OptimisticAmericans have long prided themselves as being part of an optimistic society. But a new s
16、urvey portrays Americans as pessimistic , believing the nation is in decline and that quality of life for future generations may be lower than it is today.Defining the American Dream is not easy, although four definitions dominate peoples perceptions of what it means to them, according to researcher
17、s at the Xavier Universitys Institute for Politics and the American Dream: opportunity, freedom, family and financial success. Happiness, wealth, home ownership are among the things that rank as less important in peoples views of what the dream means. However people define it, they believe the Ameri
18、can Dream is harder to achieve for this generation than it was for their parents generation. Sixty percent of those surveyed by Xavier University said that was their conclusion. Even more68 percentsaid their children and grandchildren will find it more difficult to achieve than they have.The results
19、 may not be surprising, given the state of the economy. The deep recession that has gripped the nation sent the unemployment rate to 10. 2 percent late last year (it is now at 9. 7 percent). Add to that the damage done to retirement savings accounts by the sharp decline in the stock market in late 2
20、008 and early 2009 and its little wonder Americans are in a pessimistic mood.Still, the findings are a reminder of the political climate facing politicians this year. Today, a majority of Americans58 percent see the country in decline. A smaller majority52 percentbelieve the world now looks to many
21、other places to see where the future is, while just 45 percent believe this country best represents the future.The survey was commissioned by Michael Ford, the director of the institute who spent years as a Democratic Party strategist and organizer. The survey was conducted by another veteran Democr
22、atic strategist, Paul MasIin. It included a national survey of all Americans and a separate, smaller, survey of first and second generation immigrants .Maslin asked people to rate the condition of the American Dream. The results showed that those who define the dream in terms of financial security s
23、ee it in the worst shape. Among the most pessimistic were middle-age white women from the Midwest. Those most positive were Latinos and African Americans. For all the pessimism, there was one notable piece of optimism. Asked about their own likelihood of achieving the American Dream, 67 percent said
24、 they were confident they could.31 What have Americans been proud of for a long time?（A）Americans have been proud that their country is the richest one.（B） Americans have been proud of belonging to the greatest power in the world.（C） Americans have been proud of their improving quality of life.（D）Am
25、ericans have been proud that they have never lost hope for the future.32 According to the author, what is the definition of American Dream?（A）There is no definite answer.（B） Financial success.（C） Happiness.（D）Home ownership.33 What is said about the survey made by Xavier University?（A）It is hard for
26、 people to explain clearly what American Dream means.（B） A great majority believes it will be more difficult to achieve American Dream.（C） The survey showed that all generations are fascinated with American Dream.（D）The survey has not drawn any meaningful conclusions.34 What has resulted in American
27、s pessimism?（A）People living in America have no longer felt secure.（B） American economy has undergone a severe decline.（C） The political climate in America is being worse.（D）Some countries are developing faster than America.35 Which group of people are most optimistic?（A）Ordinary white Americans.（B）
28、 American immigrants.（C） African Americans.（D）The Midwest Americans.35 Obesity Causes Global WarmingThe list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, U. S.
29、, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. 41There has been calls for taxes on junk food in recent years. 42 “We tax cigarettes partly because of their healt
30、h cost, “ Schmidt said. “Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more. “U.S. political scientist Erie Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention.At the U.S. Obesity Societys annual meeting, one per
31、son correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. 43 “The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously, “ Oliver said.In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They w
32、ere asked which they would want for a friend? 44Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again, almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. “Obesity was stigmatized, “ the researchers said.But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smo
33、king. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people dont care. 45 Genes also play a part.A. A meager diet may keep you thin.B. It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.C. The obese child was picked last.D. U. S. economi
34、st Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to peoples cars.E. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.F. No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.41 There was great public interest when a big hole mysteriously appeared in
35、the middle of a field. Army mechanics and engineers were called in to explain how it had got there. They referred various explanations but were not at all sure how the hole had been caused. It was thought that a large shell which must have lain buried under the ground for many years had suddenly exp
36、loded, but it was not possible to prove this.A “simple“, but highly improbable, explanation was offered by a man who claims to be especially well-informed about “flying saucersthe strange objects which are round in shape and are said to visit the earth occasionally from outer space. The mans explana
37、tion may have been nonsense, but at least it was imaginative. At any rate, it was far more interesting than the one given by the army.After examing the ground carefully, the man claimed to have seen special marks on the soil quite near the hole. These, he said, could only have been caused by a flyin
38、g saucer. Moreover, the leaves on some bushes nearby had turned yellow because of a strange hot gas which had come from the saucer just before it landed. Even a small tree some way off appeared to have been burnt slightly. A small piece of metal found in the hole itself provided further proof that a
39、 strange object had been there. According to the man, it was quite clear that people from another world had been circling the earth trying to pick up information, when something had gone wrong. Because of this they had been forced to land in a field so that the damage could be repaired. The hole had
40、 been caused when the saucer struck the earth, while the strange marks nearby were made when it took off again. This, said the man, was the simplest explanation of how the hole had appeared. Judging from the interest the public took in the matter, there must be quite a few people who secretly believ
41、e or hope that this “simple“ explanation is the true one.41 The author thinks of the explanation given by the army as_（A）ridiculous（B） not capable of proof（C） adequate（D）scientific though seemingly simple.42 The author holds that the mans explanation was_（A）utterly infeasible（B） lacking in imaginati
42、on（C） more probable than the one offered by the army（D）creative though not necessarily reasonable43 By way of explanation the man produced all the following proofs EXCEPT_（A）strange marks close to the hole（B） strange hot gas（C） a slightly burnt small tree（D）a tiny piece of metal in the hole44 In the
43、 mans opinion something happened to the flying saucer when_（A）it was carrying out a mission（B） it was flying back to outer space（C） it was landing in a field（D）people aboard were repairing a damage45 It is implied but not directly state in the passage that_（A）the public took a great interest in the
44、big mysterious hole（B） army engineers and mechanics were not in the least certain how the hole had appeared（C） objects from outer space hold a special attraction, for many people（D）the man who claimed to be well-informed about flying saucers turned out to be a cheat45 It looks rather like a futurist
45、ic stretch limousine, but its actual function is rather more populist: the Superbus is a novel public-transport system being developed in the Netherlands by the Delft University of Technology. It is an electric bus designed to be able to switch seamlessly between ordinary roads and dedicated “supert
46、racks“, on which it can reach speeds of 250kph (155mph). It could thus present an alternative to much more expensive magnetic-levitation trains.Though it is as wide and long as a standard city bus, the Superbus is only 1. 7 metres high. Joris Melkert, the projects manager, explains that the designer
47、s managed to keep the Superbus this small by doing away with the central aisle usually found in todays buses, a vestigial design feature that allows passengers to stand upright, but also gives conventional buses the aerodynamic profile of a brick.The low-riding Superbus, in contrast, has a separate
48、door for each of its 30-odd seats. The low ceiling and the use of lightweight materials make for a far more streamlined vehicle, which in turn requires only a modest electric motor: though engineers have not yet decided whether the Superbus will be powered by fuel cells or batteries, they estimate t
49、hat it will be able to accelerate from rest to 100kph in a leisurely 36 seconds.The individual doors also allow for rapid loading and unloading of passengers, which will need to be fast if the Superbus is to live up to its promised door-to-door mission: instead of making predetermined stops, the vehicle will pick up and drop off passengers based on their text-messaged requests. This kind o
