1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 90 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Clothes, decorations, physique, hair and facial (1)_ give a great deal of information about us. For instance, we wear clothes to ke
2、ep us warm, (2)_ unlike animals we do not have a protective (3)_ of hair. But for the purpose of communication, we dress (4)_ clothes of different colours, style and material; we wear jewellery and other valuables; we use cosmetics and perfume; we (5)_ beards and sideburns; and we smoke pipes and ca
3、rry walking sticks.Strict rules govern the clothes we wear. We do not, wear football boots with a dinner-jacket, (6)_ a boiler suit to work in an insurance office. A clerk on Wall Street will wear more formal dress than someone in a (7)_ job in a country town. Fashionable and smart (8)_ are associat
4、ed with good qualities, and well-dressed people have been (9)_ to get more help and cooperation from (10)_ strangers. For example, a woman is often given more (11)_ of help with her broken-down car when she is dressed attractively than when she is dressed less (12)_.Rebels consider themselves to be
5、different from other people in society, and often (13)_ their physical appearance to show this. In the last two decades in Britain there have been a number of (14)_ movements with distinct uniforms. Hippies did not just wear simple clothes but dressed in a particular style that made them instantly (
6、15)_.But in our modern society some people (16)_ choose particular clothes to project the personalities. (17)_ types wear brighter colours than more reserved people. Some people wear odd (18)_ of clothes to express their individuality. For example, someone (19)_ give an impression of high social sta
7、tus, (20)_ origin and bad temper by wearing an expensive suit.（A）features（B） appearance（C） aspects（D）looks（A）when（B） because（C） so（D）but（A）covering（B） look（C） color（D）cover（A）with（B） in（C） by（D）of（A）grow（B） favour（C） keep（D）prefer（A）never（B） neither（C） and（D）or（A）dissimilar（B） different（C） similiar（
8、D）same（A）clothes（B） clothing（C） wearing（D）appearances（A）found out（B） identified（C） discovered（D）known（A）different（B） full（C） mere（D）complete（A）ways（B） offers（C） willingness（D）pieces（A）annoyingly（B） naively（C） appealingly（D）appallingly（A）convert（B） transform（C） alter（D）vary（A）labour（B） teenagers（C） y
9、oungsters（D）youth（A）cognizant（B） recognizable（C） rememberable（D）identical（A）never（B） also（C） once（D）seldom（A）sociable（B） social（C） solemn（D）sober（A）blending（B） associations（C） combinations（D）mixtures（A）had to（B） should（C） might（D）must（A）Scot（B） Scotsman（C） Scotland（D）ScottishGrammar21 He was a good
10、swimmer, so he_swim to the river bank when the boat sank.（A）could（B） might（C） succeeded to（D）was able to22 English and Chinese_quite different languages.（A）is（B） are（C） was（D）were23 The new Beijing Library is larger than_library in China.（A）any（B） any other（C） other（D）the other24 The chemist and Nob
11、el Prize winner_ seriously injured in a car accident.（A）were（B） was（C） are（D）had been25 He resented_to wait. He expected the minister_him at once.（A）to be asked, to see（B） being asked, to see（C） to be asked, seeing（D）being asked, seeing26 His extravagance reduced him_for his living.（A）to beg（B） from
12、 begging（C） to begging（D）into begging27 If he_the storekeepers scissors, he would have forgotten to buy a pair.（A）would not see（B） has not seen（C） had not seen（D）were not to see28 There was no point_out until the storm had really stopped.（A）in going（B） by going（C） of going（D）to go29 It is imperative
13、 that the government_more investment into the shipbuilding industry.（A）attracts（B） shall attract（C） attract（D）has to attract30 Men differ from animals_they can think and speak.（A）for which（B） for that（C） in that（D）in whichPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below ea
14、ch text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 Could money cure sick health-care systems in Britain, which will be the place to look for proof in 2003. The National Health Service (NHS), which offers free health care financed by taxes, is receiving an emergency no-expense-spared injection of cash.
15、By 2007, total health spending in Britain will reach over 9% of GDPthe same share France had when it was rated the worlds best health service by the World Health Organization in 2000.The Labor governments response was not to conduct a fundamental review about how best to reform health care for the 2
16、1st century. Rather, it concluded that shortage of money, not the form of financing or provision, was the main problem. In 2002, Gordon Brown, the powerful chancellor of the exchequer, used a review of the NHSS future financing requirements to reject alternative funding models that would allow patie
17、nts to sign up with competing insurers and so exercise greater control over their own health care.Alan Milburn, the health minister, has made some tentative steps back towards the internal market introduced by the Conservative government. It means that a dozen top-ranking hospitals will also have be
18、en given greater freedom to run their own affairs. However, these reforms will not deliver real consumer power to patients.As a result, the return on the money pouring into the NHS looks set to be disappointingly meager. Already there are worrying signs that much of the cash cascade will be soaked u
19、p in higher pay and shorter hours for staff and bear little relation to extra effort, productivity and quality. Some improvements will occur but far less than might be expected from such a financial windfall.Health-care systems in the developed world share a common history, argues David Cutler at Ha
20、rvard University. First governments founded generous universal systems after the Second World War. With few controls over the demand for medical care or its supply, costs then spiraled up. Starting in the 1980s there was a drive to contain expenditure, often through crude constraints on medical budg
21、ets which ran counter to rising patient expectations. Now this strategy has run its course: a third wave of reforms is under way to increase efficiency and restrain demand through cost-sharing between insurers and patients. Viewed from this perspective, the governments plan to shower cash on a large
22、ly unreformed NHS looks anomalous. But before more fundamental change can be contemplated in Britain, the old system must be shown to be incapable of cure through money. This harsh lesson is likely to be learnt as early as 2003.31 In contrast to Britain, France is funding their medical care（A）more e
23、xtravagantly.（B） more cautiously.（C） more consistently.（D）more reasonably.32 Concerning health-care systems in Britain, the author is likely to agree to the statement that（A）the Labor government conducted a review about how to cut down on costs.（B） the money pouring into the NHS did bring with it pr
24、oductivity and quality.（C） the problem of funds put into medical care should be thoroughly reexamined.（D）the health-care systems in Britain will become the envy of the rest of the world.33 The proposed “alternative funding models“(Paragraph 2) might be more clearly based on（A）cost-sharing between in
25、surers and patients.（B） moderate constraints on medical budgets.（C） delivering consumers costs to tax-payers.（D）generous allocations of money to hospitals.34 The views of Alan Milburn and David Culter on the reforms of heal-care systems are（A）compatible.（B） opposite.（C） complementary.（D）identical.35
26、 The basic problem of health-care systems in Britain as pointed out by the writer seems to lie in（A）restrained freedom.（B） shortage of funds.（C） patients complaints.（D）radical changes.36 Extrapolating from the adage “two heads are better than one“, a group of economists at the University of Iowa has
27、 learned how to turn the instincts of individuals into useful predictions of the future. So far, the researchers have tested their method by predicting the outcome of such events as the American presidential election and the number of books sold on the first day of a Harry Potter re lease. Now, they
28、 have turned their sights to influenza.The influenza in question is not the pandemic bird-flu-related sort that is currently a cause for concern but the quotidian bug that lays people low, particularly in winter. Even this disease is not trivial, it kills, for instance, about 36,000 people in Americ
29、a and possibly as many as 12,000 people in Britain every year. If outbreaks could be predicted, patients at particular risk could be vaccinated and medical personnel redeployed in anticipation. So Philip Polgreen and his colleagues wondered if they could succeed where medical science had failed, and
30、 give adequate warning of influenza outbreaks.Americas Centres for Disease Control(CDC) track influenza cases in the country as they hap pen. A week later, they release the data, in part by using a colour-coded map. The colours reflect the level of influenza activity in each state on a five-point sc
31、ale, with yellow representing “no activity“ and red representing “widespread activity“.In their study, Dr. Polgreen and his colleagues gave 60 doctors and nurses based in Iowa 100 “flu dollars“ each. The participants used these to buy and sell shares coded according to the CDCs colours for a particu
32、lar week in the future, based on how many cases they thought would occur in the state during that week. For example, if a physician saw three young children with flu symptoms in his office, he might sell any yellow shares he had for the following week and buy red ones. Conversely, if no one he saw s
33、eemed to have trouble with influenza, he might buy more yellow or green (sporadic activity) shares for each of the next few weeks.Over the course of the flu season from October 2004 to April 2005, 52 participants logged into the market as traders. They were able to buy and sell up to seven weeks in
34、advance. At the end of the experiment, each flu dollar was converted into a real one and given to the participants in the form of an educational grant.36 The purpose of the economists research at the University of Iowa is to（A）predict the outcome of American presidential election.（B） predict the sal
35、es result of best-sellers.（C） predict future events.（D）predict diseases like influenza.37 If succeed, Philip Polgreen and his colleagues might（A）cure the bird-flu disease.（B） cure influenza.（C） give adequate help to patients.（D）anticipate the outbreaks of flu.38 If the CDCs map turns all red, it mea
36、ns（A）they keep good record of the influenza eases.（B） Philip Polgreen and his colleagues are successful.（C） there is no cases of influenza.（D）there is a wide outbreak of influenza.39 What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?（A）The physicians are learning to invest in the stock market.（B） The s
37、tudy is carried out in the form of stock investment.（C） Dr. Polgreen is experienced in stock investment.（D）All the participants are rewarded with 100 dollars.40 If most participants end up with green shares, it means（A）there will be no flu cases in the coming seven weeks.（B） there will be flu breako
38、ut in the coming seven weeks.（C） there will be some flu cases in the coming seven week.（D）the study is failed.40 In the last ten years, the Internet has opened up incredible amounts of information to ordinary citizens. But using the Internet can be like walking into a library where the books are all
39、 lying on the floor in piles. While tools like Google allow some structured search, much of the data from such searches is outdated or of questionable value. Some Web enthusiasts have taken up the task of organizing information through a democratic means that only the Internet allows: an encyclopedi
40、a of the people, by the people, and completely free to copy and distribute.This peoples encyclopedia of the Web a free site called Wikipedia has provided a unique solution by inviting individuals to participate in the process of rationalizing and updating Web content. At the heart of this movement a
41、re wikis, Web sites that allow users to directly edit any Web page with one click of the mouse.Wikipedia the largest example of these collaborative efforts is a functioning, user-contributed online encyclopedia that has become a popular and highly regarded reference in just three years of existence.
42、 The goal of Wikipedia was to create an encyclopedia that could be shared and copied freely while encouraging people to Indeed, until Google, now the worlds most popular search engine, came on to the scene in September 1998, searching online was a hit-or-miss affair.Google was vastly better than any
43、thing that had come before: so much better, in fact, that it changed the way many people use the web. (47)Almost overnight, it made the web far more useful, particularly for non-specialist users, many of whom regard Google as the Internets front door. Its now a worldwide phenomenon. Not only has it
44、made the Internet into an extremely fast and valuable research tool, its become a common word and has even created a new verb “to google“. (48)The recent fuss over Googles stock market flotation obscures its far wider social significance: few technologies, after all, are so influential that their na
45、mes have become a household verb such as the cloning technology creates the verb “to clone“.Google began in 1998 as an academic research project by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, who were then graduate students at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was not the first search engine, of c
46、ourse. (49)Existing search engines were able to scan a large portion of the web, build an index, and then find pages that matched particular words, but were less good at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way.Mr. Brins and Mr. Pages accomplishment wa
47、s to devise a way to sort the results by determining which pages were likely to be most relevant. They did so by using a mathematical program, called PageRank. (50)This program is at the heart of Googles success, distinguishing it from all search engines and accounting for its apparently magical abi
48、lity to find the most useful web pages. With this powerful ability, Google distinguished itself from among all the search engines and became an established standing research tool in the online world.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information.
49、(10 points)66 You will graduate from university and intend to be a volunteer to go to the West of China. After reading a notice of recruitment, write a letter to president of your university to1) express your wish to go to the West2) state your reasons, and3) depict your plan.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to wr
