1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 102 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 A new economics paper has some old-fashioned advice for people navigating the stresses of life: Find a spouse who is also your bes
2、t friend. Social scientists have long known that【C1】_ people tend to be happier, but they debate whether that is because marriage causes happiness or simply because happier people are more【C2 】_ to get married. The new paper, 【C3】_by the National Bureau of Economic Research, controlled for pre-marri
3、age happiness levels. It【C4】_that being married makes people happier and more satisfied【C5】_their lives than those who remain singleparticularly during the most stressful periods, like【C6】_crises.Even as fewer people are marrying, the disadvantages of remaining single have broad【C7 】 _. Its importan
4、t【C8】_marriage is increasingly a force behind inequality.【C9】_marriages are more common among educated, high-income people, and increasingly out of reach for those who are not. That divide appears to【C10 】_not just people s income and family stability, but also their happiness and stress levels.A qu
5、arter of todays young adults will have never married by 2030, which would be the highest【C11】_ in modern history, according to Pew Research Center.【C12】_both remaining unmarried and divorcing are more common among less-educated, lower-income people. 【C13】_, high-income people still marry at high rat
6、es and are less likely to divorce.Those whose lives are most difficult could 【C14】_most from marriage, according to the economists who wrote the new paper, John Helliwell and Shawn Grover. “Marriage may be most important when there is that stress in life and when things are going【C15 】_,“ Mr. Grover
7、 said.【C16 】_marital happiness long outlasted the honeymoon period.【C17 】_some social scientists have argued that happiness levels are innate, so people return to their natural level of well-being【C18】_joyful or upsetting events, the researchers found that the benefits of marriage persist. One【C19 】
8、_for that might be the role of friendship within marriage. Those who【C20】_their spouse or partner to be their best friend get about twice as much life satisfaction from marriage as others, the study found.1 【C1 】（A）single（B） engaged（C） married（D）divorced2 【C2 】（A）eager（B） likely（C） easy（D）excited3 【
9、C3 】（A）made（B） studied（C） found（D）published4 【C4 】（A）denied（B） concluded（C） doubted（D）imagined5 【C5 】（A）with（B） from（C） by（D）in6 【C6 】（A）financial（B） midlife（C） academic（D）quarterlife7 【C7 】（A）necessities（B） transmissions（C） implications（D）significances8 【C8 】（A）when（B） because（C） so（D）if9 【C9 】（A）S
10、table（B） Normal（C） Constant（D）Poor10 【C10 】（A）affect（B） promote（C） lower（D）control11 【C11 】（A）figure（B） rate（C） score（D）share12 【C12 】（A）Even（B） Still（C） Yet（D）And13 【C13 】（A）Educated（B） Intelligent（C） Dignified（D）Knowledgeable14 【C14 】（A）steal（B） choose（C） benefit（D）suffer15 【C15 】（A）wrong（B） bad（C
11、） great（D）well16 【C16 】（A）Fortunately（B） Unexpectedly（C） Intriguingly（D）Surprisingly17 【C17 】（A）Unless（B） Hence（C） Until（D）Though18 【C18 】（A）after（B） before（C） during（D）within19 【C19 】（A）option（B） reason（C） result（D）tendency20 【C20 】（A）believe（B） see（C） consider（D）regardPart ADirections: Read the fo
12、llowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Web art has been “accepted“ by traditional institutions, critics and thus the general public because it “fits“ into our culture and society, a society which has been groomed by postmodern ideals. Thus we
13、b art has not been subjected to “cultural limbo“ as photography had for a century and a half by the constraints imposed by modernism.The postmodernists embraced the idea that technology, especially reproductive mediums, would radically affect the perception of art. The rejection of traditional notio
14、ns created a strong affinity towards new genres for postmodernists. The support given by postmodernism to technological art forms has played an important role in redefining the value of web-based mediums today.The nature of web-based art facilitates this acceptance. The infinite reproducibility of t
15、he web art form reaffirms postmodern deconstruction of the “unique existence“ of the art object and thus its exuded authority and authentic value. Web art has crossed the boundaries of what was once the “unreproducibility of the aesthetic original“ and introduced a world that exists free from the co
16、ncept of either the original or the copy. Web art also elevates the viewer to the level of interactive creator and thus promote the process of artistic realization. Because of the interactive nature of web art, the viewer has ultimately replaced the artist, thus confirming Barthes theory of “death o
17、f the author“.The existence of web art in a non-physical, temporal realm also contributes to the rejection of the modern value of the spatial art object. The audience understands the virtuality of this technology as it pervades daily life on the net. Finally, the inherent makeup of the Internet as a
18、 catalog of information, coded language, and raw data, allows web art to present art as text and equally text as art. The limitless interchangeability of text and web art constitutes the revelation of postmodern theorists that the meaning of art can only be found through the relationship of the “wor
19、ld outside the text that is nevertheless inscribed in the text“.Postmodern ideals set forth the current societys methodology of valuing art and thus new art forms. It is because web art so accurately mirrors the canons of postmodernism, that it is such a favored form in the art world. Web arts accep
20、tance and popularity exist because it is a concept as much as it is a “tool“. Web art, like photography, is an instrument reiterating the values posed by postmodernists in order to reject traditional mediums. The opposition of tradition powers our society forward to seek out new ways to explain old
21、ideas and explore new questions that pervade our environment.21 According to the text, photography had been subjected to_.（A）cultural works（B） cultural heritage（C） cultural confinement（D）cultural standard22 Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?（A）Postmodernists believe that web-ba
22、sed mediums will influence the perception of art.（B） Traditional notions of art have been completely discarded.（C） Web-based mediums are defined by postmodernists.（D）Traditional art has been greatly left behind by the technology.23 According to the third Paragraph, web art_.（A）redefines the concept
23、of the art object（B） is infinitely reproducible（C） changes a viewer into an artist（D）will replace the unreproducible aesthetic original24 The word “pervades“ (Para. 4) most probably means_.（A）diffuses（B） depends（C） undertakes（D）digs25 What can we infer from the last paragraph?（A）Postmodernists put f
24、orward an approach of valuing art.（B） Web art is universally accepted because of its reproducibility.（C） Web art is more a concept than a tool in art world.（D）Web art is the only instrument to reject traditional mediums.25 Yawning can be a problem at the office for Lindsay Eierman, which makes her e
25、mbarrassed.“Ive explained, Im sorry, I didnt get much sleep last night,“ says Ms Eierman, a 26-year-old social worker from Durham, North Carolina. But a lack of sleep may not be the problem.Researchers are starting to unravel the mystery surrounding the yawn, one of the most common and often embarra
26、ssing behaviours. Yawning, they have discovered, is much more complicated than previously thought. Although all yawns look the same, they appear to have many different causes and to serve a variety of functions.Yawning is believed to be a means to keep our brains alert in times of stress. Contagious
27、 yawning appears to have evolved in many animal species as a way to protect family and friends, by keeping everyone in the group vigilant. Changes in brain chemistry trigger yawns, which typically last about six seconds and often occur in clusters.To unravel the mystery of yawning, scientists built
28、upon early, observed clues. Yawning tends to occur more in summer. Most people yawn upon seeing someone else do it, but infants and people with autism or schizophrenia arent so affected by this contagion effect. And certain people yawn at surprising times, like parachutists who are about to jump out
29、 of a plane or Olympic athletes getting ready to compete.A leading hypothesis is that yawning plays an important role in keeping the brain at its cool, optimal working temperature. The brain is particularly sensitive to overheating, according to Andrew Gallup, an assistant professor of psychology at
30、 the State University of New York at Oneonta. Reaction times slow and memory wanes when the brain s temperature varies even less than a degree from the ideal 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.There are some practical applications. Dr. Gallup said managers might want to keep in mind the brain-cooling role of y
31、awning when a meeting is long and boring. “One way to diminish yawning frequency in an office would be to keep it air-conditioned. If it s very cold in the room, yawning rates are going to be quite low,“ Dr. Gallup said.26 Lindsay Eierman says she didnt sleep well last night because_.（A）yawning is h
32、er problem（B） her colleague doesnt forgive her（C） she feels very sorry for yawning at the office（D）she regards sleep deprivation as the reason of yawning27 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true about yawning?（A）It always happens in groups（B） It makes people relax under pressur
33、e（C） It is caused by changes in brain chemistry（D）It usually lasts approximately six seconds28 The word “contagion“ (Para. 4) most probably means_.（A）spreading（B） learning（C） protection（D）imitation29 According to Dr. Gallup, people in a meeting may yawn when_.（A）the meeting room is overheated（B） oth
34、er people around them yawn（C） a meeting is brief and interesting（D）the air-conditioner temperature is lowered 30 The passage mainly discusses_.（A）the rates of yawning（B） the misconceptions of yawning（C） the secrets of yawning（D）the applications of yawning30 Not too many decades ago it seemed “obviou
35、s“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research
36、has revealed that the “obvious“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follo
37、w that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are m
38、ore involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different stifle of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large
39、 communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes
40、 little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social het
41、erogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drags, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to
42、traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 31 Which of the
43、following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?（A）Two contrasting views are presented.（B） An argument is examined and possible solutions given.（C） Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.（D）A detailed description of the differ
44、ence between urban and small-town life is given.32 According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents _.（A）did not have the same interests as their neighbors（B） could not develop long-standing relationships（C） tended to be associated with bad behavior（D）usually had more frien
45、ds33 One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_（A）disrupt people s natural relations（B） make them worry about crime（C） cause them not to show concern for one another（D）cause them to the suspicious of each other34 It can be inferred from the passage that t
46、he bigger a community is_.（A）the better its quality of life（B） the more similar its interests（C） the more tolerant and open-minded it is（D）the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress 35 What is the passage mainly about?（A）Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urb
47、anites and small town dwellers.（B） Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns（C） The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.（D）The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.35 There were some consistent patterns among the heavier readers: For the young
48、er children-ages 6 to 11being read aloud to regularly and having restricted online time were correlated with frequent reading; for the older childrenages 12 to 17one of the largest predictors was whether they had time to read on their own during the school day.The finding about reading aloud to chil
49、dren long after toddlerhood may come as a surprise to some parents who read books to children at bedtime when they were very young but then tapered off. Last summer, the American Academy of Pediatrics announced a new policy recommending that all parents read to their children from birth.“A lot of parents assume that once kids begin to read independently, that now that is the best thing for them to do,“ said Maggie
