1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 128 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful 【C1】_ is spreading through their p
2、opulations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology.The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is 【C2】_. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, 【C3】_ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, 【C4】 _ever-incr
3、easing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied 【C5】 _ wire umbilici.It is tempting to【C6】_a “strategy“ to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.【C7】_, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 【C8】_ experimented with by many product designers. Th
4、is makes it all the more powerful.Tech【C9】_occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning“ as animal behaviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10 】_cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is【C11】_with a food pelle
5、t for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails.“Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】_look at our phone, seeking rewards?“ asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endor
6、sement【C13 】_an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile【C14】_that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been【C15】_by an invasive pseudo-
7、organism would believe.【C16 】_, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】_sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can 【C18】_ the Finan
8、cial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this【C19】_, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】_to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.1 【C1 】（A）phenomenon（B） epidemic（C） issue（
9、D）event2 【C2 】（A）striking（B） obscure（C） interesting（D）mysterious3 【C3 】（A）relying（B） choosing（C） grabbing（D）using4 【C4 】（A）taking over（B） feeding on（C） catching up（D）allowing for5 【C5 】（A）with（B） over（C） to（D）via6 【C6 】（A）point（B） turn（C） attribute（D）prefer7 【C7 】（A）Instead（B） Moreover（C） Therefore（
10、D）Otherwise8 【C8 】（A）which（B） as（C） that（D）where9 【C9 】（A）progress（B） term（C） crisis（D）addiction10 【C10 】（A）dangerous（B） special（C） large（D）funny11 【C11 】（A）rewarded（B） resisted（C） resumed（D）reversed12 【C12 】（A）anxiously（B） occasionally（C） happily（D）endlessly13 【C13 】（A）within（B） from（C） about（D）thr
11、ough14 【C14 】（A）support（B） approve（C） argue（D）insist15 【C15 】（A）formed（B） seperated（C） classified（D）modified16 【C16 】（A）Surprisingly（B） Importantly（C） Fortunately（D）Regrettably17 【C17 】（A）compensate（B） help（C） comfort（D）improve18 【C18 】（A）share（B） obtain（C） subscribe（D）observe19 【C19 】（A）part（B） sen
12、se（C） level（D）way20 【C20 】（A）adaptive（B） careful（C） similar（D）captivePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 How best to solve the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was descr
13、ibed as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the metropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges.In fact, as Christine L. Cotton, a Cambridge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the
14、brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles II was said to be much pleased with Evelyn s idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted. Then nothing was done. Nobody at the time, and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public hea
15、lth above business interests.And yet its a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London life these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieged Paris in 1870, fell in love with Londons vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collabor
16、ator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and vainly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. “Give us light!“ Frederic Leighton pleaded to the guests at a Lord Mayor s banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter.
17、The more serious side of Corton s book documents how business has taken precedence over humanity where London s history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abando
18、ned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a finger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there was little change. Eventually, another connection was established: between London s perpetual veil of smog and its citizens coz
19、ily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like “Keep the Home Fires Burning“ didnt do much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel.It wasnt until what came to be known as the “Great Killer Fog“ of 1952 that the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally
20、 took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law in 1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in its infancy, the dreaded fog began to fade.Corton s book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thu
21、s we learn that London s ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant foliage. It s discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual and enlightening experience.21 Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（A）The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was in
22、spired by John Evelyn s child.（B） King Charles II was not actually satisfied with Evelyn s idea.（C） The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow.（D）It wasnt until the middle of the 20th century that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests.22 The word “g
23、rime“(Para. 3)is closest in meaning to_.（A）fog（B） dirt（C） frost（D）paint23 Which of the following would be most heavily affected by Londons pollution according to Corton s book?（A）rich dwellers in the east.（B） the underclass in the west.（C） East London s slum dwellers.（D）servants of furnace owners.24
24、 The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that_.（A）Great Killer Fog led to huge mortality（B） The British press was also playing a big role（C） It was a long way for Clean Air Act to be passed（D）reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage25 There were plane trees
25、everywhere in London because they_.（A）could resist fog and haze（B） were related to social history（C） contained a wealth of eccentric detail（D）were shiny and beautified the environment25 In a sweeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminat
26、e tipping at Union Square Cafe and its 12 other restaurants by the end of next year, the companys chief executive, Danny Meyer, said on Wednesday. The move will affect New York City businesses. The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradua
27、lly follow.A small number of restaurants around the country have reduced or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a surcharge on the bill, allowing the restaurants to set the pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the
28、 cost of an hourly wage for servers into their menu prices. Union Square Hospitality Group will do the latter.The Modern will be the pilot restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, because its chef, Abram Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen empl
29、oyees at the restaurant is expected to rise to $15.25 from $11.75. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay competitive as the state moved to a $15 minimum wage for fast-food workers. If cooks wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, “its not going to be sustainable
30、 to attract the culinary talent that the city needs to keep its edge.“ Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior dining room managers and for cooks, dishwashers and other kitchen workers.The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from
31、checks. Some believe it is unfair for servers pay to be affected by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of class-action lawsuits over tipping irregularities, many of which have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry.Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in
32、 Manhattan, said in an interview in 2013 that he had eliminated tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs of Japan, where tipping is rare. He said he also hoped his customers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem. While Drew Nieporent, who owns ni
33、ne restaurants in New York City and one in London, said he doubted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. “Tipping is a way of life in this country,“ he said. “It may not be the perfect system, but it s our system. It s an American system.“26 According to the first paragraph, what wou
34、ld happen in New York City?（A）1,800 employees of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as before.（B） Tips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be removed.（C） All the business will be affected by Danny Meyer s action and eliminate tipping.（D）There will be a n
35、ew tipping system in the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art.27 By “do the latter“(Para. 2), the writer probably means Union Square Hospitality Group will_.（A）reduce tips（B） decrease prices（C） explain that prices include “hospitality“（D）provide blank lines for tips on checks28 Why does Danny Mey
36、er make the Modern be the first restaurant to eliminate tipping?（A）Tips can not be distributed to its skilled cooks.（B） Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to attract culinary talents.（C） The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living.（D）Compensation chefs receive remains roug
37、hly the same with servers.29 It is unfair that servers pay may be affected by EXCEPT_.（A）their service（B） the weather（C） race and age（D）their customers moods30 The authors attitude towards tips elimination seems to be_.（A）favorable（B） skeptical（C） uncertain（D）objective30 Anyone who has searched for
38、a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that first job. Sending out hundreds of resumes, only to get a few interviews in the endif youre lucky! and if youre very lucky, eventually theres a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the
39、 way?It depends on whether you are a “maximizer“ or a “satisficer“. Maximizers want to explore every possible option before choosing a job. They gather every stick of information in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer, however, you make decisions based on the evide
40、nce at hand.Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their job search short and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a better job offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a
41、study of the job search of 548 members of the Class of 2002 by Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves through more contortions in the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more l
42、ikely to make use of outside sources of information and support. But it turned out to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, than what the satisficers got.Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting sala
43、ry offered to maximizers was $44, 515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble is, however, that higher pay doesnt make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fact, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted.Evidently, being a max
44、imizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesnt buy more happiness, as the maximizers likely to agonize over the prospect of a better job offer out there he or she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but theyre so busy obsessing about all the things that they coul
45、d have had, they tend to be less happy with the outcomes they do get.31 What is implied in the first two paragraphs?（A）Graduates arent well-prepared for jobs when freshing out of colleges.（B） Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky.（C） Satisficers tend to take the first job
46、 offer on the table.（D）Satisficers wait for something better based on information at hand.32 According to the Paragraph 3, which of the following is true?（A）Maximizers can get something of value from outside information.（B） Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.（C） Sheena Iyengar, Ra
47、chael Wells, and Barry Schwartz are maximizers.（D）The research showed that satisficers were more likely to make use of all the information.33 The word “contortions“(Para. 3)most probably refers to_.（A）choices（B） occupations（C） opportunities（D）distortions34 The passage conveys that higher pay_.（A）bri
48、ngs less happiness to maximizers than to satisficers（B） encourages maximizers seek perfection（C） makes maximizers imagine the prospect of a better job offer（D）helps maximizers develop a sense of self-worth35 Which might be the appropriate title of this passage?（A）Higher Pay: Be Happier or Unhappy（B）
49、 First Offer: Take It or Keep Waiting（C） Sources of Information: Outside or at Hand（D）Position Yourself: A Maximizer or a Satisficer35 Ellen Pao spent the last few years spotlighting the technology industrys lack of diversity, in court and beyond. Erica Baker caused a stir at Google when she started a spreadsheet last year for employees to share their salaries, highlighting the pay disparities between th
