1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 131 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Kelly Sortino had a tough time recalling what she d accomplished at the end of each busy workday. Her job as head of the upper sch
2、ool for the Crystal Springs Uplands School in Hillsborough, Calif., often【C1 】_working 12-hour days, including weekends and evenings. She enjoyed the【C2】_but worried that she wasn t accomplishing everything she needed to. “I felt as if I wasn t really having the time to do more of the strategic and
3、【C3】_ work to make those larger changes at the school.“ says Ms. Sortino.She decided to【C4】_a workshop at Stanford University on how to simplify work processes and reduce waste. She learned,【C5】_, to block out her time more efficiently and minimize distractions. She also 【C6】_ herself to systematica
4、lly completing her daily task list and to completely clearing her email inbox and workspace on a regular【C7】_. The changes【C8】_a marked improvement in her time management. Ms. Sortino 【C9】_ works on weekends, but only as needed.Its a tough time to be productive. Globalization, increased competition
5、and the jarring immediacy of technology have made it difficult for modern employees to【C10 】_on top of their growing workloads while maintaining a good work-life balance.【C11】_, experts say small adjustments to how employees【C12】_work can have a big impact on their workplace efficiency.Learn to prio
6、ritize and to commit yourself to working in【C13】_blocks of time throughout the day. A 2009 Stanford University study found that multitasking is less productive than single-tasking and that many self-proclaimed multitaskers have difficulty【C14】_out irrelevant information, further【C15】_their performan
7、ce.Its especially important to【C16】_what motivates the decisions your boss makes. Most subordinates have an employee-centric view【C17】_their managers, which tends not to be accurate. A better understanding of your boss can help you to “sell“ the advice about【C18】_changes that can benefit the departm
8、ent and company.【C19】_with your boss to prioritize important work and eliminate unproductive tasks. Employees may think changing job functions is risky,【C20 】_being proactive can impress your boss.1 【C1 】（A）required（B） forced（C） compelled（D）requested2 【C2 】（A）title（B） overtime（C） recall（D）work3 【C3
9、】（A）complicated（B） visioning（C） important（D）regular4 【C4 】（A）participate（B） have（C） start（D）take5 【C5 】（A）by the way（B） in fact（C） for example（D）in particular6 【C6 】（A）contribute（B） commit（C） ask（D）allow7 【C7 】（A）scale（B） amount（C） basis（D）time8 【C8 】（A）made（B） followed（C） meant（D）produced9 【C9 】（A）
10、still（B） also（C） seldom（D）sometimes10 【C10 】（A）relax（B） compete（C） stay（D）work11 【C11 】（A）Besides（B） Therefore（C） Fortunately（D）Otherwise12 【C12 】（A）stick to（B） think about（C） start with（D）take over13 【C13 】（A）uninterrupted（B） individual（C） countable（D）separated14 【C14 】（A）figuring（B） finding（C） pic
11、king（D）filtering15 【C15 】（A）increase（B） diminish（C） accumulate（D）destroy16 【C16 】（A）guess（B） understand（C） collect（D）imagine17 【C17 】（A）in（B） on（C） for（D）of18 【C18 】（A）process（B） time（C） staff（D）system19 【C19 】（A）Accompany（B） Operate（C） Follow（D）Work20 【C20 】（A）but（B） and（C） so（D）unlessPart ADirecti
12、ons: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 It took some time to figure out just the right shopping complex, off just the right highway interchange and just the right distance from Seoul, that could accommodate a 624,000-square-foo
13、t storethat is to say, one more than three times the size of the average Wal-Mart Supercenter. It took more time to solve certain mysteries, like how big to make the store s children s section in a country where kids are often given ample space in the family living quarters. It took more time to fig
14、ure out how to showcase kitchens that incorporate kimchi refrigerators, a uniquely Korean appliance and even more time to untangle nuances of the market, like the South Korean s preference for metal chopsticks. In all, it took about six years for Ikea to unveil its inaugural store in South Korea, in
15、 Gwangmyeong, starting from the first scouting trip.The lag was typically Ikean. But six years? “The more global, the more complex it gets,“ replies Mikael Palmquist, the regional manager of retail for Asia Pacific. “We need to get these things right or we will never be taken seriously.“Today the Gw
16、angmyeong store, which is the companys largest in the world by shopping area, is on track to become one of Ikea s top-performing outlets for 2015.The success is hardly a fluke. Ikea, it seems, is a genius at selling Ikeaflat packing, transporting, and reassembling its quirky Swedish styling all acro
17、ss the planet. The furniture and furnishings brand is in more countries than Wal-Mart and Carrefour. China, where Ikea has eight of its 10 biggest stores, is the company s fastest-growing market. An outlet in Morocco is coming soon, and there are hints that Brazil may not be far off. Meanwhile, Ikea
18、 is going meatballs out in India, where it plans to invest about $2 billion over a decade to open 10 stores.Getting it right in emerging markets like China and India, where Ikea is well-positioned to capitalize on a growing middle class, is a key factor in its goal of hitting 50 billion in sales by
19、2020. Thats up from 28.7 billion in its fiscal 2014 and almost double its 2005 sales level. Today the Ikea Group has 318 stores, not including the brand s some four dozen franchised locations; it s aiming for around 500 by 2020.21 The first paragraph is used to illustrate that_.（A）it took more time
20、to figure out a right shopping complex（B） it was tricky to make an ample children s section in a store（C） it was time-consuming to untangle nuances of the Korean market（D）the lag is the unique feature of Ikea to open new stores22 Ikea doesn t expand too rapidly because_.（A）it is a global company（B）
21、the expansion is too complex（C） it is difficult to get things right（D）it needs to be taken seriously by customers23 The phrase “a fluke“(Para. 4)probably means_.（A）an effort（B） good luck（C） an opportunity（D）a necessity24 According to the text, Ikea is a genius at all of the following EXCEPT_.（A）sell
22、ing its furniture（B） selling its furnishings（C） reassembling Swedish style（D）expanding outlets25 Which of the following is NOT true?（A）Ikea is aiming for around 500 stores by 2020.（B） South Korean is Ikea s fastest-growing market.（C） Brazil may be one of Ikeas emerging markets.（D）Ikea plans to capit
23、alize on middle classes in India.25 “Is it a vital interest of the state to have more anthropologists?“ Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education
24、itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on these principles, retreating from the humanities.Ive been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakarias smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So,
25、 to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the humanities enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as well.First, liberal arts equip students with communications and interpersonal skills that are valuable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by t
26、echnical abilities. “A broad liberal arts education is a key pathway to success in the 21st-century economy,“ says Lawrence Katz, a labour economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that the economic return to pure technical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those who combine s
27、oft skills excellence at communicating and working with peoplewith technical skills.My second reason: We need people conversant with the humanities to help reach wise public policy decisions, even about the sciences. Technology companies must constantly weigh ethical decisions. To weigh these issues
28、, regulators should be informed by first-rate science, but also by first-rate humanism. When the Presidents Council on Bioethics issued its report in 2002, “Human Cloning and Human Dignity,“ it depends upon the humanities to shape judgments about ethics, limits and values.Third, wherever our careers
29、 lie, much of our happiness depends upon our interactions with those around us, and there s some evidence that literature nurtures a richer emotional intelligence. Science magazine published five studies indicating that research subjects who read literary fiction did better at assessing the feelings
30、 of a person in a photo than those who read nonfiction or popular fiction. Literature seems to offer lessons in human nature that help us decode the world around us and be better friends. Literature also builds bridges of understanding.In short, it makes eminent sense to study coding and statistics
31、today, but also history and literature.26 What is implied in the first paragraph?（A）Parents may encourage their children to major in anthropology.（B） The humanities in Harvard are not popular among parents and students.（C） The leader of an Internet company values Harvard education itself most.（D）Ric
32、k Scott may think anthropologists arent key interests of the state.27 Lawrence Katz holds that broad liberal arts_.（A）are enough for you to succeed（B） can enrich your wallets in economy（C） achieve balance between communicating value and soft skills（D）maximize your potential when coupled with technic
33、al skills28 Which of the following cannot be used as the example of the second sentence in Paragraph 4?（A）Should Youtube change its web page?（B） Where should Facebook set its privacy?（C） How should Google handle sex and violence articles?（D）Should Twitter close accounts that seem sympathetic to terr
34、orists?29 According to the Science magazine, compared with people reading literary fiction, those reading nonflction_.（A）evaluate the work more difficulty（B） decode the emotional state poorly（C） have richer emotional intelligence（D）recognize the portrait more easily30 On the whole, the reasons that
35、the humanities enrich our spiritual life include all the following EXCEPT_.（A）they are useful for improving emotional intelligence（B） they are essential to the wise decisions of an organization（C） they link the soft skills with technical skills in the labour force（D）they benefit students in communic
36、ations and interpersonal skills30 Ellen Pao spent the last few years spotlighting the technology industrys lack of diversity, in court and beyond. Erica Baker caused a stir at Google when she started a spreadsheet last year for employees to share their salaries, highlighting the pay disparities betw
37、een those of different genders doing the same job. Laura I. Gomez founded a start-up focused on improving diversity in the hiring process. Now the three are starting an effort to collect and share data to help diversify the rank-and-file employees who make up tech companies. The nonprofit venture, c
38、alled Project Include, was unveiled on Tuesday.As part of Project Include, the group plans to extract commitments from tech companies to track the diversity of their work forces over time and eventually share that data with other start-ups. The effort will focus on start-ups that employ 25 to 1,000
39、workers, in the hope of spurring the companies to think about equality sooner rather than later. The project will also ask for participation from venture capital firms that advise and mentor the start-ups.Project Include aims to have 18 companies as part of its first cohort; a few have already signe
40、d up. The group will meet regularly for seven months to define and track specific metrics. At the end of that period, the group will publish an anonymized set of results to show the progressor lack thereofthat the start-ups have made around diversity.The group s push is intended to cut through tech
41、s slow pace of change on diversity. Large companies, including Google, Facebook and Microsoft, have openly admitted their failings in creating diverse work forces, and some have started programs to move the needle. But that has not seemed to spur much movement in views on the issue. In December, for
42、 instance, Michael Moritz, a partner at the venture capital firm Sequoia Capital, made headlines when he said in an interview that his firmwhich had no female investment partners in the United Stateswould focus on hiring women but would not “lower its standards“ to do so. He also said the firm was b
43、lind to gender and race.“It is this incredibly self-serving mythology that we are the best and the brightest, and that the best ideas rise to the top and will get funded,“ said Ms. Kapor Klein, noting there is plenty of data to show that minority access to tech programs and networks is worse than th
44、at of white males. “Despite an avalanche of rigorous data to the contrary, the belief in pure meritocracy persists.“31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）Ellen Pao spent a lot of time diversifying the courts structure（B） Erica Baker is an experienced HR in Google（C） Ellen Pao, Eric
45、a Baker and Laura I. Gomez found a start-up together（D）Project Include is aimed to diversify the employees in tech companies32 The effort of Project Include on start-ups expects to_.（A）obtain commitments from tech companies（B） obtain related data（C） urge the companies to think about equality earlier
46、（D）urge the venture capital firms to participate33 What will Project Include not do to 18 companies during the seven months?（A）Make them agree with the cohort.（B） Meet them regularly.（C） Define specific metrics.（D）Track specific metrics.34 The phrase “the needle“(Para. 4)probably refers to_.（A）diver
47、se work forces（B） a needle for weaving（C） views on diversification（D）the measures of Project Include35 It seems that Ms. Kapor Klein believes_.（A）the root of the problem is people s arrogance（B） there is a long way to improve existing prejudice（C） the racism is still serious（D）people need to have an
48、 open mind35 Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi -paycheck household could e
49、ncourage marriages. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebounds,
