1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 133 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For e
2、xample, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 【C1】_ author is not known and will probably never be known.Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people s【C2】_of the real auth
3、or【C3 】_their perception of the message. Also other people may want to【C4】_certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more 【C5】 _ evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been【C6】_that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societ
4、ies where their 【C7】_ was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 【C8 】_ of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases.Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in man
5、y countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and【C9】_personal information which is protected. In some【C10】_, for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially【C11】_to allow people to consult a priest,【C12】_seeing him face to face.The anonymity in【C13】 _situations is h
6、owever not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a【C14】_crime, some countries allow or even【C15】_that the lawyer tell the【C16】_. The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to【C17 】 _their feeling more
7、than their real intention.Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as【 C18】_that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent【 C19】_the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Adver
8、tisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for【C20】_reasons.1 【C1 】（A）strange（B） ordinary（C） ridiculous（D）famous2 【C2 】（A）preconception（B） worship（C） admiration（D）discrimination3 【C3 】（A）color（B） destroy（C） distinguish（D）prefer4 【C4 】（A）show（B） conceal（C） cance
9、l（D）distain5 【C5 】（A）funny（B） unbiased（C） fresh（D）straight6 【C6 】（A）surprising（B） common（C） acknowledged（D）unbelievable7 【C7 】（A）religion（B） belief（C） idea（D）synagogue8 【C8 】（A）possession（B） honor（C） privacy（D）reputation9 【C9 】（A）require（B） disperse（C） reveal（D）get10 【C10 】（A）countries（B） files（C） r
10、egions（D）cases11 【C11 】（A）cleaned（B） put（C） designed（D）automated12 【C12 】（A）before（B） after（C） with（D）without13 【C13 】（A）confessional（B） church（C） other（D）private14 【C14 】（A）casual（B） serious（C） medium（D）temporary15 【C15 】（A）beg（B） plead（C） appeal（D）require16 【C16 】（A）police（B） confessor（C） boss（D）p
11、riest17 【C17 】（A）keep（B） leak（C） intensify（D）express18 【C18 】（A）insulting（B） important（C） forgivable（D）proud19 【C19 】（A）of（B） among（C） on（D）within20 【C20 】（A）unknown（B） striking（C） obvious（D）intimatePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
12、B, C or D. (40 points)20 “Project gold“ and “Project Nexus“ sound like plans for bank robberies or military attacks. In reality, they are the names for KPMG s ongoing attempt to squeeze its 6,700 London employees into ever smaller spaces. Since 2006 the professional-services firm has reduced the num
13、ber of offices it uses in London from seven to two. By the spring of 2015 everybody will be crammed into one building in CanaryWharf.Firms have long known that only about half of all desks are in use at any moment, as employees work odd hours or disappear to meetings, but it was difficult to fill th
14、e spares. Better IT systems now mean that people need not be tied to a particular desk. They need not even be in the office at all: as cloud computing and virtual offices take off, more people are working from home or from other places, further reducing the need for desks.Aside from cheapness, there
15、 is a motive behind this squashing. Inspired by Silicon Valley, firms are trying to make their offices into “collaborative spaces“, where people bump into each other and chat usefully. KPMGs redesigned CanaryWharf offices will include lots of “breakout spaces“ where employees can relax, and quiet ro
16、oms where people can get away from hubbub, says Alastair Young, who is planning the move. He thinks this will both improve productivity and save money.In this happy new world, offices are not just places to work but also a way of expressing corporate identity and a means of attracting and retaining
17、staff. At the offices of Bain the crowds have also put pressure on the air-conditioning system.21 It can be known that “Project gold“ is a plan for_.（A）bank robberies（B） military attacks（C） squeezing employees（D）squeezing working spaces22 Better IT systems mean that workers_.（A）are tied to a particu
18、lar desk（B） are in the office all the day（C） can work at home（D）need more desks23 All of the following are forms of new offices behind the squashing EXCEPT_.（A）noisy spaces（B） collaborative spaces（C） breakout spaces（D）quiet rooms24 Office in this happy new world is_.（A）just a place to work（B） a plac
19、e to attract new workers（C） a place with little corporate identity（D）a place to increase pressure25 The examples of Broadcasting House and KPMG are used to explain that_.（A）morning scrambles are in all the places（B） all the offices need to be redesigned（C） not everyone is satisfied with the increasi
20、ng cramped hot desks（D）companies need to reduce the number of employees25 Women are moody. By evolutionary design, we are hard-wired to be sensitive to our environments, empathic to our children s needs and intuitive of our partners intentions. This is basic to our survival and that of our offspring
21、. Some research suggests that women are often better at articulating their feelings than men because as the female brain develops, more capacity is reserved for language, memory, hearing and observing emotions in others.These are observations rooted in biology, not intended to mesh with any kind of
22、pro- or anti-feminist ideology. But they do have social implications. Women s emotionality is a sign of health, not disease; it is a source of power. But we are under constant pressure to restrain our emotional lives. We have been taught to apologize for our tears, to suppress our anger and to fear
23、being called hysterical.The pharmaceutical industry plays on that fear, targeting women in a barrage of advertising on daytime talk shows and in magazines. More Americans are on psychiatric medications than ever before, and in my experience they are staying on them far longer than was ever intended.
24、 Sales of an tidepressants and antianxiety meds have been booming in the past two decades, and theyve recently been outpaced by an antipsychotic, Ability, that is the No. 1 seller among all drugs in the United States, not just psychiatric ones.At least one in four women in America now takes a psychi
25、atric medication, compared with one in seven men. Women are nearly twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder than men are. For many women, these drugs greatly improve their lives. But for others they arent necessary. The increase in prescriptions for psychiatric medica
26、tions, often by doctors in other specialties, is creating a new normal, encouraging more women to seek chemical assistance. Whether a woman needs these drugs should be a medical decision, not a response to peer pressure and consumerism.Obviously, there are situations where psychiatric medications ar
27、e called for. The problem is too many genuinely ill people remain untreated, mostly because of socioeconomic factors. People who dont really need these drugs are trying to medicate a normal reaction to an unnatural set of stressors: lives without nearly enough sleep, sunshine, nutrients, movement an
28、d eye contact, which is crucial to us as social primates.26 Women are often better at expressing their feelings than men in that women_.（A）are born to be sensitive to environments（B） have more brain s capacity for expressing functions（C） have the basic skills to survive（D）are more sensitive to langu
29、age27 The phrase “mesh with“(Para. 2)probably means_.（A）account for（B） agree with（C） cater for（D）deal with28 Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（A）The pharmaceutical industry takes advantage of womens fear.（B） Nowadays, more Americans are drinking psychiatric medications.（C）
30、 Sales of antidepressants meds have showed the declining trend in the past two decades.（D）Ability is the best-selling drug in the United States.29 According to the passage, what makes more women seek chemical assistance?（A）Doctors in other fields prescribe more and more psychiatric medications.（B） M
31、ore and more Americans are taking psychiatric medications.（C） This drugs greatly improve women s lives.（D）Women are affected by peer pressure and consumerism.30 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）psychiatric medications are not important（B） many really ill people are not anxious to
32、buy psychiatric medications（C） many people need psychiatric medications for excitement（D）human beings need some outdoor and social activities30 Scientists have long argued over the relative contributions of practice and native talent to the development of elite performance. This debate swings back a
33、nd forth every century, it seems, but a paper in the current issue of the journal Psychological Science illustrates where the discussion now stands and hintsmore tantalizingly, for people who just want to do their bestat where the research will go next.The value-of-practice debate has reached a stal
34、emate. In a landmark 1993 study of musicians, a research team led by K. Anders Ericsson found that practice time explained almost all the difference(about 80 percent)between elite performers and committed amateurs. The finding rippled quickly through the popular culture, perhaps most visibly as the
35、apparent inspiration for the “10,000-hour rule“ in Malcolm Gladwells best-selling “Outliers“ a rough average of the amount of practice time required for expert performance.The new paper, the most comprehensive review of relevant research to date, comes to a different conclusion. Compiling results fr
36、om 88 studies across a wide range of skills, it estimates that practice time explains about 20 percent to 25 percent of the difference in performance in music, sports and games like chess. In academics, the number is much lower4 percentin part because its hard to assess the effect of previous knowle
37、dge, the authors wrote.One of those people, Dr. Ericsson, had by last week already written his critique of the new review. He points out that the paper uses a definition of practice that includes a variety of related activities, including playing music or sports for fun or playing in a group. But hi
38、s own studies focused on what he calls deliberate practice: one-on-one lessons in which an instructor pushes a student continually, gives immediate feedback and focuses on weak spots. “If you throw all these kinds of practice into one big soup, of course you are going to reduce the effect of deliber
39、ate practice,“ he said in a telephone interview.Zach Hambrick, a co-author of the paper of the journal Psychological Science, said that using Dr. Ericsson s definition of practice would not change the results much, if at all, and partisans on both sides have staked out positions. Like most branches
40、of the nature-nurture debate, this one has produced multiple camps, whose estimates of the effects of practice vary by as much as 50 percentage points.31 The paper published in Psychological Science introduces_.（A）why the debate swings back and forth for a long time（B） what the current situation of
41、the discussion is（C） where the people who just want to do their best are standing（D）what the significance of the debate is32 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true?（A）There is a new move in the value-of-practice debate.（B） The difference between elite performers and committed amate
42、urs has nothing to do with practice time.（C） Malcolm Gladwell is enlightened by the finding of K. Anders Ericsson.（D）Everyone can become an expert by 10,000-hour practise.33 The practice time accounts for lower percent in academical performance partly because_.（A）the new paper makes the most compreh
43、ensive review（B） the new paper includes 88 studies across a wide range of skills（C） it s difficult to predict the effect of the practice time（D）it s difficult to evaluate the effect of existing knowledge34 In his critique of the new review, Dr. Ericsson notes that_.（A）the definition of practice used
44、 in the paper contains various related activities（B） the study focuses on the definition of practice（C） the instructor should give immediate feedback to students（D）the mistake of the study is obvious35 What is the author s attitude towards the practice-nature debate?（A）Disinterested.（B） Objective.（C
45、） Critical.（D）Unconcerned.35 If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in
46、 sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disor
47、ganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on
48、. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?“ the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that
49、s God,“ came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.“If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it 11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn t attempt to cut in with humor
