1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 135 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The countrys inadequate mental health system gets the most attention after instances of mass violence that the nation has seen rep
2、eatedly over the past few months. Not all who【C1】_these sorts of cruelties are mentally ill, but 【C2 】_ have been. After each, the national discussion quickly, but temporarily, turns toward the mental health services that may have 【C3】_to prevent another attack.Mental illness usually is not as dange
3、rous or dramatic.【C4】_23 million Americans live with mental disorder, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Very few of these men and women are【C5】_mass-murderers; they need help for their own well-being and for that of their【C6】_. The Affordable Care Act has significantly increased
4、insurance coverage 【 C7】_ mental health care. But that may not be enough to expand 【C8】_ to insufficient mental-health-care resources.Tim Murphy has a bill that would do so. The Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act is more 【C9】_ than other recent efforts to reform the system and perhaps has
5、the brightest prospects in a divided Congress. The【C10】_would reorganize the billions the federal government pours into mental health services. It would【C11 】_the way Medicaid pays for certain mental health treatments. It would fund mental health clinics that【C12 】_certain medical standards. And it
6、would【C13 】_states to adopt policies that allow judges to order some severely mentally ill people to undergo treatment.Not everyone is satisfied. Some patients advocates have【C14】_Mr. Murphy s approach as coercive and【C15】_to those who need help. The government should not be expanding the system s c
7、apability to hospitalize or impose treatment on those【C16】_severe episodes, they say. It should instead be investing in community care that【C17】_the need for more serious treatment.【C18】_, for a small class who will not accept treatment between hospital visits or repeat arrests, they say, states hav
8、e good reason to【C19】_them to accept care, under judicial supervision. Mr. Murphys reform package may not prevent the next Sandy Hook.【C20】_the changes would help relieve a lot of suffering that does not make the front page.1 【C1 】（A）grant（B） commit（C） afford（D）award2 【C2 】（A）many（B） few（C） more（D）m
9、uch3 【C3 】（A）requested（B） demanded（C） failed（D）attempted4 【C4 】（A）Neatly（B） Considerably（C） Nearly（D）Hardly5 【C5 】（A）inevitable（B） necessary（C） certain（D）potential6 【C6 】（A）careers（B） hospitals（C） schools（D）families7 【C7 】（A）for（B） against（C） with（D）without8 【C8 】（A）warning（B） access（C） demand（D）way
10、9 【C9 】（A）preferable（B） ineffective（C） single（D）comprehensive10 【C10 】（A）bill（B） method（C） link（D）law11 【C11 】（A）confirm（B） change（C） refuse（D）hold12 【C12 】（A）have（B） make（C） meet（D）accord13 【C13 】（A）admit（B） push（C） retard（D）command14 【C14 】（A）praised（B） appreciated（C） scolded（D）condemned15 【C15 】（
11、A）harmful（B） beneficial（C） uncertain（D）considerate16 【C16 】（A）looking into（B） taking on（C） dealing with（D）going through17 【C17 】（A）heads off（B） interferes with（C） takes off（D）copes with18 【C18 】（A）Thus（B） Because（C） However（D）And19 【C19 】（A）invite（B） allow（C） require（D）refute20 【C20 】（A）And（B） But（C
12、） Therefore（D）BesidesPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In a sweeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and its
13、12 other restaurants by the end of next year, the companys chief executive, Danny Meyer, said on Wednesday. The move will affect New York City businesses. The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradually follow.A small number of restaurant
14、s around the country have reduced or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a surcharge on the bill, allowing the restaurants to set the pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the cost of an hourly wage for servers int
15、o their menu prices. Union Square Hospitality Group will do the latter.The Modern will be the pilot restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, because its chef, Abram Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen employees at the restaurant is expected to
16、rise to $15.25 from $11.75. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay competitive as the state moved to a $15 minimum wage for fast-food workers. If cooks wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, “it s not going to be sustainable to attract the culinary talent that t
17、he city needs to keep its edge.“ Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior dining room managers and for cooks, dishwashers and other kitchen workers.The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from checks. Some believe it is unfair for
18、servers pay to be affected by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of class-action lawsuits over tipping irregularities, many of which have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry.Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in Manhattan, said in an interview in 20
19、13 that he had eliminated tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs of Japan, where tipping is rare. He said he also hoped his customers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem. While Drew Nieporent, who owns nine restaurants in New York City and on
20、e in London, said he doubted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. “Tipping is a way of life in this country,“ he said. “It may not be the perfect system, but its our system. Its an American system.“21 According to the first paragraph, what would happen in New York City?（A）1,800 empl
21、oyees of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as before.（B） Tips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be removed.（C） All the business will be affected by Danny Meyer s action and eliminate tipping.（D）There will be a new tipping system in the Modern, inside
22、the Museum of Modern Art.22 By “do the latter“(Para. 2), the writer probably means Union Square Hospitality Group will_.（A）reduce tips（B） decrease prices（C） explain that prices include “hospitality“（D）provide blank lines for tips on checks23 Why does Danny Meyer make the Modern be the first restaura
23、nt to eliminate tipping?（A）Tips can not be distributed to its skilled cooks.（B） Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to attract culinary talents.（C） The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living.（D）Compensation chefs receive remains roughly the same with servers.24 It is unfai
24、r that servers pay may be affected by EXCEPT_.（A）their service（B） the weather（C） race and age（D）their customer s moods25 The author s attitude towards tips elimination seems to be_.（A）favorable（B） skeptical（C） uncertain（D）objective25 On her first morning in America, last summer, my daughter went out
25、 to explore her new neighborhoodalone, without even telling my wife or me. Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she came home, we realized we had no reason to panic. Beaming with pride, she told us how she had discovered the little park around the co
26、rner, and had made friends with a few local dog owners. She had taken possession of her new environment, and was keen to teach us things we didn t know.When this story comes up in conversations with American friends, we are usually met with polite disbelief. Most are horrified by the idea that their
27、 children might roam around without adult supervision. A study by the University of California, Los Angeles, has found that American kids spend 90 percent of their leisure time at home. Even when kids are physically active, they are watched closely by adults. Such narrowing of the childs world has h
28、appened across the developed world. But Germany is generally much more accepting of letting children take some risks. To this German parent, it seems that Americas middle class has taken overprotective parenting to a new level.“We are depriving them of opportunities to learn how to take control of t
29、heir own lives,“ writes Peter Gray, a research professor at Boston College. He argues that this increases “the chance that they will suffer from anxiety, depression, and so on,“ which have gone up dramatically in recent decades. He sees risky, outside play of children among themselves without adult
30、supervision as a way of learning to control strong emotions like anger and fear.I am no psychologist like Professor Gray, but I know I wont be around forever to protect my girl from the challenges life holds in store for her, so the earlier she develop the intellectual maturity to navigate the world
31、, the better. And by giving kids more control over their lives, they learn to have more confidence in their own capabilities.It is hard for parents to balance the desire to protect their children against the desire to make them more self-reliant. And every one of us has to decide for himself what le
32、vel of risk he is ready to accept. But parents who prefer to keep their children always in sight and under their thumbs should consider what sort of trade-offs are involved in that choice.26 Which of the following is NOT true about the authors daughter?（A）She went out without adult supervision.（B） S
33、he knew where the little park was located.（C） She visited her new neighbors and made some friends.（D）She had more ideas about the surroundings than the author.27 Different from American kids, German kids_.（A）are allowed to be faced with some risks（B） spend about 10% of their free time at home（C） wil
34、l be overprotected when moved in America（D）are more self-reliant than kids in any other developed countries28 According to Peter Gray, overprotection may lead to_.（A）underlying risks（B） mental disorders（C） adolescent rebellion（D）emotional problems29 The authors attitude towards loosening the control
35、 over kids is_.（A）confident（B） objective（C） critical（D）supportive30 The most appropriate title for this text would be_.（A）The Case for Free-range Parenting（B） The Drawback of Adult Supervision（C） Protection or Hands-off Management（D）American Parenting vs. German Parenting30 Bill Gates was 20 years o
36、ld. Steve Jobs was 21. Warren Buffett was 26. Ralph Lauren was 28. Estee Lauder was 29.These now iconic names were all 20-somethings when they started their companies that would throw them, and their enterprises, into some of the biggest successes ever known. Consider this: many of the truly remarka
37、ble innovations of the latest generationa list that includes Google, Face-book and Twitterwere all founded by people under 30. The number of people in their mid-20s disrupting entire industries, taking on jobs usually reserved for people twice their age and doing it in the glare of millions of socia
38、l media “followers“ seems to be growing very rapidly.So what is it about that youthful decade after those awkward teenage years that inspires such shoot-for-the-moon success? Does age really have something to do with it? It does. Young people bring fresh eyes to confronting problems and challenges t
39、hat others have given up on. 20-something entrepreneurs see no boundaries and see no limits. And they can make change happen. Peter Thiel, the co-founder of PayPal, has another, colder theory that may explain it: Ultimately, it s about money.In other words, it s the young people who have nothing to
40、lose, with no mortgage and, frankly, with nothing to do on a Friday night except work, who are the ones often willing to take the biggest risks. Sure, they are talented. But its their persistence and zeal, the desire to stay up until 6 a.m. chugging Red Bull, that is the difference between being a s
41、alaried employee and an entrepreneur.Thats not to say that most 20-somethings are finding success. Theyre not. The latest crop of liber-successful young entrepreneurs, designers and authors are far, far from the norm. In truth, unemployment for workers age 16 to 24 is double the national average.One
42、 of the biggest challenges facing this next generationand one that may prevent more visionary entrepreneurs from succeedingis the staggering rise in the level of debt college students have been left with. If Peter Thiel s theory is right, it is going to be harder and harder for young people to take
43、big risks because they will be crushed with obligations before they even begin.If youre over 29 years old and still havent made your world-changing mark, dont despair. Some older people have had big breakthroughs, too. Thomas Edison didnt invent the phonograph until he was 30.31 The first paragraph
44、is used to show_.（A）various famous men（B） the age of founders（C） the success of enterprises（D）the success of 20-somethings32 Which of the following statements cannot explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?（A）20-something entrepreneurs can drive change.（B） 20-something entrepreneurs have new
45、perspectives.（C） 20-something entrepreneurs do not need to worry about money.（D）20-something entrepreneurs believe there is no obstacle that they cant hurdle.33 All of the following are differences between being salaried employees and entrepreneurs EXCEPT_.（A）their zeal（B） their talent（C） their pers
46、istence（D）their desire to stay up34 The biggest challenge that may stop more visionary entrepreneurs from succeeding is that_.（A）they are confronted with increasing obligations（B） their debts run up alarmingly and very unsteadily（C） they have more mortgage than other college students（D）they have far
47、 less wealth than their parents did at the same age35 With regard to 20-somethings success, we can learn from the text that_.（A）they succeed because of having money（B） older people can hardly make breakthroughs（C） it is uncommon among most young people（D）it is common in the field of information scie
48、nce and technology35 Women have been driving yellow cabs in New York since the 1940s, but 99% of drivers are male. Even among drivers of cars booked by phone or online, only 4% are women. That may change with the launch of SheTaxis, an app that lets female passengers insist on female drivers, and vi
49、ce versa.It will be available in New York City, Westchester and Long Island, and the firm plans to expand to other cities. Stella Mateo, the founder, is betting that quite a few women are nervous and weary of getting into cars driven by men. The service may also appeal to those whose religious beliefs forbid them to travel with unrelated men. Each driver wears a pink pashmina. Men who ask for a ri
