1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 140 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 According to certain beer commercials, the contemporary version of success【C1 】 _in moving up to a premium brand that costs a dime
2、 or so more per bottle. Credit-card companies would have you【C2】_success inheres in owning their particular piece of plastic.【C3 】_the flag of success, modern-style, liberal arts colleges are withering【C4】_business schools are burgeoning.and yet even business schools are having an increasingly hard
3、time【C5 】_faculty members, because teaching isnt【C6 】_“successful“ enough. Amid a broad consensus【C7】_there is a glut of lawyers and an epidemic of strangling litigation, record numbers of young people continue to flock to law school【C8】_, for the individual practitioner, a law degree is still consi
4、dered a safe ticket.Many, by external【C9】_, will be “successes“. Yet there is a deadening and dangerous flaw in their philosophy: It has little room, little sympathy and less respect for the noble failure, for the person who【C10】_past the limits, who【C11】_gloriously high and falls unashamedly【C12】_.
5、That sort of ambition doesnt have much place in a world【C13】_success is proved by worldly reward【C14】_by accomplishment itself. That sort of ambition is increasingly thought of as the domain of irredeemable eccentrics,【C15】_people who havent quite caught onand there is great social pressure not to b
6、e one of them.The irony is that todays success-chasers seem obsessed with the idea of not settling. Yet in doggedly【C16】_the rather brittle species of success now in fashion, they are【 C17】_themselves to a chokingly narrow swath of turf along the entire【C18】_of human possibilities. Does it ever【C19】
7、_to them that, frequently, success is what people settle for【C20】_they cant think of something noble enough to be worth failing at?1 【C1 】（A）constitutes（B） consists（C） makes up（D）composes2 【C2 】（A）to believe（B） believed（C） believe（D）believing3 【C3 】（A）Below（B） With（C） Behind（D）Under4 【C4 】（A）however
8、（B） while（C） nevertheless（D）but5 【C5 】（A）admitting（B） evaluating（C） ensuring（D）finding6 【C6 】（A）considered（B） regarded（C） recognized（D）acknowledged7 【C7 】（A）what（B） that（C） where（D）which8 【C8 】（A）though（B） whether（C） because（D）if9 【C9 】（A）standards（B） levels（C） rule（D）criteria10 【C10 】（A）attempts（B）
9、 surpasses（C） risks（D）ventures11 【C11 】（A）directs（B） aims（C） reaches（D）ascends12 【C12 】（A）behind（B） short（C） through（D）apart13 【C13 】（A）which（B） whose（C） that（D）where14 【C14 】（A）more than（B） rather than（C） less than（D）other than15 【C15 】（A）of（B） with（C） to（D）for16 【C16 】（A）following（B） hunting（C） se
10、eking（D）pursuing17 【C17 】（A）restraining（B） restricting（C） enclosing（D）bounding18 【C18 】（A）domain（B） extent（C） range（D）scope19 【C19 】（A）approach（B） occur（C） happen（D）come20 【C20 】（A）since（B） as（C） because（D）whenPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c
11、hoosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Until last year, Alan Felzer was an energetic engineering professor who took the stairs to his classes two steps at a time. Now the 64-year-old grandfather sits strapped to a wheelchair, able to move little but his left hand, his voice a near-whisper. Felzer suffe
12、rs from ALS, also known as Lou Gehrigs disease. The fatal neurological disorder steals the bodys ability to move, speak and ultimately to breathe. But rather than succumb to despair along with his illness, Felzer turned to the Web to become his own medical researcherand his own guinea pig.Dozens of
13、ALS patients are testing treatments on their own without waiting on the slow pace of medical research. They are part of an emerging group of patients willing to share intimate health details on the Web in hopes of making their own medical discoveries.Some doctors caution that such patient-led resear
14、ch lacks rigor and may lead to unreliable results, false hopes and harm to patients. “The Internet is a wonderful tool, but you know, its buyer beware,“ said Dr. Edward Langston, immediate past chairman of the American Medical Associations board.In Felzers case, the experiments results illustrate th
15、e obstacles that stand between patients and self-discovered breakthroughs. The drug he tried did no good. But he and his family felt they had little time and little to lose in trying. “ALS is such a short illness,“ said Felzers wife, Laura. She helps her husband communicate using sign language with
16、his one good hand when his slow, halting words become difficult to understand. “You want to do what you can as fast as you can.“The U. S. Food and Drug Administration has approved only one drug to treat ALS symptoms. It only works for some patients, and its effects are limited. As a result, Internet
17、 forums for ALS patients brim with links to the latest research offering any hint of promise. After Alan Felzer was diagnosed last year, his 33-year-old daughter, Karen, dived into the forums and found new hope. Working online, Karen Felzer and Macedo recruited nearly 200 patients worldwide to take
18、a specific lithium dosage and answer standard surveys to gauge their symptoms. They began running their study through a Web site called PatientsLikeMe. com, using it to attract volunteers and track their progress.On the site, patients share detailed information about their symptoms and the drugs the
19、y are taking. The site focuses on conditions that have stubbornly resisted medical science, such as ALS, Parkinsons and multiple sclerosis. The sites founders hope professional and amateur researchers alike will dip into the resulting pool of data and emerge with insights that lead to better treatme
20、nts. “My ultimate frustration that drove this site into existence was an overall feeling that there was a lack of transparency and speed or urgency“ by the medical system, said Jamie Heywood, who co-founded PatientsLikeMe months before his own brother died of AI.S.21 Some ALS patients or their famil
21、y turn to the Web for help because_.（A）they can share information about the effect of some treatments（B） they can get information about newly developed medicines（C） the medical community has obviously neglect their demands（D）they know they are going to die and grow desperate22 Dr. Edward Langstons a
22、ttitude towards patient-led research is one of_.（A）indignation（B） approval（C） disapproval（D）reserved consent23 It can be inferred that the lithium dosage_.（A）is a disease that defies medical treatment（B） is a new medicine for ALS patients（C） will turn out to be a promising medicine for ALS（D）is a st
23、andard survey for a new medicine24 The PatientLikeMe Web site_.（A）has given feedback to the medical community（B） was created by a terminally ill patient（C） has produced some limited effects（D）is created mainly for incurable diseases25 Which of the following is true according to the author?（A）Patient
24、-led research is risky and should be banned.（B） Drug sales on the Web have gone out of control.（C） Patient-led drug trials defy medical system.（D）ALS is the most deadly disease identified so far.25 Helping teachers to lift student achievement more effectively has become a major theme in US education
25、. Most efforts that are now in their early stages or being planned focus either on building the skills of teachers already in the classroom or on retaining the best and dismissing the least effective performers. The question of who should actually teach and how the nation s schools might attract mor
26、e young people from the top tier of college graduates, as part of a systematic effort to improve teaching in the United States, has received comparatively little attention.McKinseys experience with school systems in more than 50 countries suggests that this is an important gap in the US debate. In a
27、 new report, Closing the Talent Gap : Attracting and Retaining Top-Third Graduates to Careers in Teaching , we review the experiences of the worlds top-performing systems, in Finland, Singapore, and South Korea. These countries recruit 100 percent of their teacher corps from the top third of the aca
28、demic cohort. Along with strong training and good working conditions, this extraordinary selectivity is part of an integrated system that promotes the prestige of teachingand has achieved extraordinary results. In the United States, by contrast, only 23 percent of new teachers come from the top thir
29、d, and just 14 percent of new teachers who come from the top third work in high-poverty schools, where attracting and retaining talented people is particularly difficult. The report asks what it would take to emulate nations that systematically recruit top students to teaching if the United States d
30、ecided that it was worthwhile to do so.McKinseys survey of nearly 1,500 top-third US college students and current teachers, highlighted in the report, shows that a major effort would be needed to attract and retain the best students to teaching. The stakes are high: recent McKinsey research found th
31、at a persistent achievement gap between US students and those in top-performing nations imposes the economic equivalent of a permanent national recession.Research on whether the academic background of teachers is a useful predictor of classroom effectiveness has had mixed results, and no single refo
32、rjn can be depicted as a silver bullet. But the success of the best-performing national systems suggests that an effort to attract the countrys top students to teaching deserves serious examination as part of a comprehensive human-capital strategy for the US education system.26 Among efforts to impr
33、ove teaching in the United States, the following has received much attention EXCEPT_.（A）dismissing the least effective performers（B） building the skills of teachers（C） retaining the best teachers（D）attracting more young people from the top tier of college graduates27 Which of the following statement
34、s is not true according to the second paragraph?（A）American teachers are inferior to those of Finland, Singapore, or South Korea.（B） There are the worlds top-performing systems in teaching in Finland, Singapore, and South Korea.（C） The extraordinary selectivity in recruiting teachers is part of an i
35、ntegrated system that promotes the prestige of teaching.（D）In the United States, attracting and retaining talented people is particularly difficult in those high-poverty schools.28 We can see from the third paragraph that_.（A）the United States has attracted and retained the best students to teaching
36、（B） the performance of US students influences the national recession（C） there is no gap between US students and those in top-performing nations（D）1,500 top-third US college students have become teachers29 We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that_.（A）only attracting and retaining the bes
37、t graduates to teaching will not necessarily lift student achievement（B） the experiences of the worlds top-performing systems are a silver bullet to reform the American education（C） there are no similarities between American education system and the best-performing national systems（D）the academic ba
38、ckground of teachers can predict the classroom effectiveness30 What is the authors attitude towards American education system?（A）factual.（B） critical.（C） indifferent.（D）approval.30 The film-awards season, which reaches its tearful climax with the Oscars next week, has long been only loosely related
39、to the film business. Hollywood is dedicated to the art of fun neling teenagers past popcorn stands, not art itself. But this years awards are less relevant than ever. The true worth of a film is no longer decided by the crowd that assembles in the Kodak Theatreor, indeed, by any American. It is dec
40、ided by youngsters in countries such as Russia, China and Brazil.Hollywood has always been an international business, but it is becoming dramatically more so. In the past decade total box-office spending has risen by about one-third in North America while more than doubling elsewhere. Thanks to Harr
41、y Potter,Sherlock Holmes and “Inception“, Warner Bros made $ 2.93 billion outside North America last year, smashing the studios previous record of $ 2.24 billion. Falling DVD sales in America, by far the worlds biggest home-entertainment market, mean Hollywood is even more dependent on foreign punte
42、rs.The rising foreign tide has lifted films that were virtually written off in America, such as “Prince of Persia“ and “The Chronicles of Narnia: the Voyage of the Dawn Treader“. Despite starring the popular Jack Black, “Gullivers Travels“ had a disappointing run in North America, taking $ 42m at th
43、e box office so far. But strong turnout in Russia and South Korea helped it reach almost $ 150m in sales elsewhere. As a result, it should turn a profit, says John Davis, the films producer.The growth of the international box office is partly a result of the dollars weakness. It was also helped by “
44、Avatar“, and eco-fantasy that made a startling $2 billion outside North America. But three things are particularly important: a cinema boom in the emerging world, a concerted effort by the major studios to make films that might play well outside America and a global marketing push to make sure they
45、do.Russia, with its shrinking teenage population, is an unlikely spot for a box-office boom. Yet cinema-building is proceeding apace, and supply has created demand. Last year 160m cinema tickets were sold in Russiathe first time in recent years that sales have exceeded the countrys population. Ticke
46、t prices have risen, in part because the new cinemas are superior, with digital projectors that can show 3D films. The big Hollywood studios are muscling domestic film-makers aside. In 2007 American films made almost twice as much at the Russian box office as domestic films8.3 billion roubles ( $ 32
47、5m) compared with 4.5 billion. Last year the imported stuff made some 16.4 billion roubles: more than five times as much as the home-grown product, estimates Movie Research, a Moscow outfit. Earlier this month Vladimir Putin, Russias Prime Minister, said the government would spend less money support
48、ing Russian film-makers and more on expanding the number of screens.31 We can learn from Paragraph one that_.（A）oscar will reach its tearful climax next week（B） film awards are not relevant to the film business（C） the true worth of a film is decided by Russia, China and Brazil（D）hollywood tries its
49、best to attract teenagers to pass popcorn stands32 Judging from the context, the word “punter“ (Line 6, Para. 2) refer to_.（A）customer（B） movie（C） business（D）studio33 How much did “Gullivers Travels“ take at the box office outside North America?（A）$180rn.（B） $42m.（C） Almost $ 150m.（D）Almost $ 192m.34 Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the growth of the international box office?（A）The dollar
