1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 141 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors【C1】_, scientists have been trying to a
2、nswer this question for decades, and the results have been【C2】_Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being【C3 】 _increases with agebut overall happiness【C4 】_when a person was born.【C5 】_studies that have 【C6 】_older adults with the middle-aged and yo
3、ung have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not【C7 】_whether their【C8】_was because of their age or because of their【 C9】_life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science ,【C10】_out the answer by examining 30 years of data o
4、n thousands of Americans, including【C11 】_measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health.The researchers found, after controlling for variables【C12】_health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyones l
5、ifetime.【C13】_people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,【C14】_much less happy than those who have had more【C15 】_lives. This finding helps to【C16】_why past studies have found conflicting resultsexperience【C17】_, and tough times can【C18】_an entire generations happin
6、ess for the rest of their lives. The【C19】_news is,【C20】_weve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age.1 【C1 】（A）alike（B） alongside（C） aside（D）besides2 【C2 】（A）conflicting（B） worrying（C） revealing（D）appealing3 【C3 】（A）accordingly（B） indeed（C） hence（D）nevertheless4 【C4
7、】（A）resides with（B） rests with（C） depends on（D）reckons on5 【C5 】（A）Following（B） Preceding（C） Previous（D）Later6 【C6 】（A）matched（B） related（C） compared（D）associated7 【C7 】（A）derive（B） discern（C） discover（D）detect8 【C8 】（A）discontent（B） unwillingness（C） incompetence（D）precariousness9 【C9 】（A）limited（B）
8、 abundant（C） common（D）different10 【C10 】（A）ruled（B） teased（C） left（D）marked11 【C11 】（A）biological（B） medical（C） physical（D）psychological12 【C12 】（A）instead of（B） along with（C） such as（D）apart from13 【C13 】（A）Thus（B） Even（C） Then（D）But14 【C14 】（A）start up（B） start off（C） start over（D）start on15 【C15
9、】（A）laborious（B） comfortable（C） insecure（D）meaningful16 【C16 】（A）explain（B） estimate（C） establish（D）exhibit17 【C17 】（A）expands（B） emerges（C） matters（D）recurs18 【C18 】（A）enrich（B） influence（C） boost（D）delay19 【C19 】（A）good（B） surprising（C） bad（D）latest20 【C20 】（A）while（B） though（C） no matter what（D）n
10、o matter howPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Many animals have some level of social intelligence, allowing them to coexist and cooperate with other members of their species. Wolves, for examplethe probable a
11、ncestors of dogslive in packs that hunt together and have a complex hierarchy. But dogs have evolved an extraordinarily rich social intelligence as theyve adapted to life with us. All the things we love about our dogsthe joy they seem to take in our presence, the many ways they integrate themselves
12、into our livesspring from those social skills. Hare Brian, assistant professor of evolutionary anthropology at Duke University, and others are trying to figure out how the intimate coexistence of humans and dogs has shaped the animals remarkable abilities.Hare suspects that the evolutionary pressure
13、s that turned suspicious wolves into outgoing dogs were similar to the ones that turned combative apes into cooperative humans. “Humans are unique. But how did that uniqueness evolve?“ asks Hare. “Thats where dogs are important.“The first rule for scientists studying dogs is, dont trust your hunches
14、. Just because a dog looks as if it can count or understand words doesnt mean it can. “We say to owners, look, you may have intuitions about your dog that are valuable,“ says Marc Hauser, a cognitive psychologist at Harvard University. “But they might be wrong.“Alexandra Horowitz, a cognitive scient
15、ist at Barnard College, and other scientists are now running experiments to determine what a behavior, like a kiss, really means. In some cases, their research suggests that our pets are manipulating us rather than welling up with human-like feeling. “They could be the ultimate charlatans,“ says Hau
16、ser.Weve all seen guilty dogs slinking away with lowered tails, for example. Horowitz wondered if they behave this way because they truly recognize they ve done something wrong, so she devised an experiment. First she observed how dogs behaved when they did something they werent supposed to do and w
17、ere scolded by their owners. Then she tricked the owners into believing the dogs had misbehaved when they hadnt. When the humans scolded the dogs, the dogs were just as likely to look guilty, even though they were innocent of any misbehavior. Whats at play here, she concluded, is not some inner sens
18、e of right and wrong but a learned ability to act submissive when an owner gets angry. “Its a white-flag response,“ Horowitz says.While this kind of manipulation may be unsettling to us, it reveals how carefully dogs pay attention to humans and learn from what they observe. That same attentiveness a
19、lso gives dogsor at least certain dogsa skill with words that seems eerily human.21 The author mentions wolves to show that_.（A）they have similar habits（B） animals have social intelligence（C） they adapt to human life easily（D）they are ancestors to dogs22 Why does Brian want to know how suspicious wo
20、lves became friendly dogs?（A）Because it may reveal something about the evolution of humans from apes.（B） Because he has realized that dogs are not really friendly animals.（C） Because the coexistence of animals and humans is important nowadays.（D）Because dogs have developed intimate relationships wit
21、h humans.23 The word “hunches“ (Para. 3) probably refers to_.（A）friendly animals（B） academic knowledge（C） intuitive understanding（D）psychological explanations24 Hauser calls dogs “the ultimate charlatans“ (Para. 4) because_.（A）they actually want to bite us when they kiss us（B） they are unreliable an
22、d untrustworthy（C） our intuitions about them are misled by them（D）they well up with intimate feeling for us25 When scolded, dogs_.（A）feel guilty of what they have done wrongly（B） pretend to be guilty of some wrongdoings（C） become attentive to their owners words（D）demonstrate some submissive behavior
23、25 Dont talk: your cell phone may be eavesdropping. Thanks to recent developments in “spy phone“ software, a do-it-yourself spook can now wirelessly transfer a wiretapping program to any mobile phone. The programs are inexpensive, and the transfer requires no special skill. The would-be spy needs to
24、 get his hands on your phone to press keys authorizing the download, but it takes just a few minutesabout the time needed to download a ringtone.This new generation of user-friendly spy-phone software has become widely available in the last yearand it confers stunning powers. The latest programs can
25、 silently turn on handset microphones even when no call is being made, allowing a spy to listen to voices in a room halfway around the world. Targets are none the wiser: neither call logs nor phone bills show records of the secretly transmitted data.More than 200 companies sell spy-phone software on
26、line, at prices as low as $ 50. Vendors are loath to release sales figures. But some experts claim that a surprising number of people carry a mobile that has been compromised, usually by a spouse, lover, parent or co-worker. Many employees, experts say, hope to discover a supervisors dishonest deali
27、ngs and tip off the top boss anonymously. Max Maiellaro, head of Agata Christie Investigation, a private-investigation firm in Milan, estimates that 3 percent of mobiles in France and Germany are tapped, and about 5 percent or so in Greece, Italy, Romania and Spain. James Atkinson, a spy-phone exper
28、t at Granite Island Group, a security consultancy in Gloucester, Massachusetts, puts the number of tapped phones in the U.S. at 3 percent. Even if these numbers are inflated, clearly many otherwise law-abiding citizens are willing to break wiretapping laws.Spyware thrives on iPhones, BlackBerrys and
29、 other smart phones because they have ample processing power. In the United States, the spread of GSM networks, which are more vulnerable than older technologies, has also enlarged the pool of potential victims. Spyware being developed for law-enforcement agencies will accompany a text message and a
30、utomatically install itself in the victim s phone when the message is opened, according to an Italian developer who declined to be identified. One worry is that the software will find its way into the hands of criminals.The current embarrassment is partly the result of decisions by Apple, Microsoft
31、and Research In Motion (producer of the BlackBerry) to open their phones to outside application-software developers, which created the opening for spyware. Antivirus and security programs developed for computers require too much processing power, even for smart phones. Although security programs are
32、 available for phones, by and large users havent given the threat much thought. If the spying keeps spreading, that may change soon.26 The cell phone may be eavesdropping in that_.（A）the spy phone software requires no special skills or knowledge（B） to download the spy phone software is as easy as pr
33、essing keys（C） the software industry has created a do-it-yourself program（D）a recent software can transfer a wiretapping program to other phones27 Which of the following is true of the “spy phone“?（A）Its targets are totally unaware that they are spied.（B） Its a complicated and inexpensive wireless t
34、ransfer software.（C） It can be downloaded to the phone for free.（D）The download takes less than the time of downloading a ringtone.28 In pointing out figures related to compromised mobiles, the author suggests that_.（A）many employees hope to discover the boss dishonest secrets（B） the popularity of s
35、py-phone software results from low prices（C） law-abiding people become the victims of spy phone（D）an unexpected number of people are being eavesdropped29 We can learn from Paragraph 4 that Spyware_.（A）is developed by law-enforcement agencies（B） might serve the devil（C） enlarges the pool of potential
36、 victims（D）increases the processing power of iPhones30 Which of the following might be the best title for the text?（A）Spyware is Here and There（B） Security Programs for Phones（C） How to Deal with Phone Spies?（D）Is Your Cell Phone Spying on You?30 Spring is here: flowers are in bloom, birdsong fills
37、the air, and the inboxes of employers are filled with desperate pleas for summer internships. College students and graduates are well aware of the impact a desirable placement could have on their careers. With ever fewer entry-level jobs in many industries, internships have become a critical first s
38、tep into employment. In America, three-quarters of students on a four-year university course will have labored as an intern at least once before graduation. Up to half of these sharp-sighted workers will have given their services free. Some may even have had to pay for the privilege of coming to wor
39、k.Unpaid internships seem to be an example of mutual benefits: inexperienced youngsters learn something about a chosen field while employers get to farm out some unskilled work. The arrangement is consensual, and companies often use internships to test potential recruits. But the increasing populari
40、ty of these unpaid placements has caused some controversy lately. Nick Clegg, Britains deputy prime minister, recently launched a campaign to ban them, arguing that they favor the wealthy and privileged. Others complain that uncompensated internships violate labor standards, exploit new employees an
41、d surely depress wages for everyone else. In America, they tend to be illegal at for-profit companies, according to guidelines set out in 1947. But the Department of Labor barely enforces such rules, in part because interns are often too afraid to file complaints.Organizations in America save $ 2 bi
42、llion a year by not paying interns a minimum wage, writes Ross Perlin in “Intern Nation“ , a new book about the “highly competitive race to the bottom of the corporate ladder“. Perhaps one-third of all internships at for-profit companies are unpaid, and interns now often fill roles once held by full
43、-time employees.To avoid legal complications, companies often encourage students to work in exchange for academic credits from their colleges. But such credits can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars. Some colleges exempt their fees or earn them by offering guidance and supervision. For many
44、institutions, however, they are an easy source of revenue, more beneficial to themselves than their students.Calls for new labor laws that reflect the growing prominence of internships have got nowhere. Instead, interns will have to look out for each other, for example by rating their experiences on
45、 the Internet. At any rate, students may be encouraged by a rare bit of good news from the National Association of Colleges and Employers: employers intend to hire 19% more graduates this year than last. This should spare some from the hard boring work without pay.31 The internships have become a ke
46、y step for college students to get employed because_.（A）experienced graduates will get well-paid jobs（B） the internships have great influence on the universities（C） the primary jobs in a lot of fields are decreasing（D）to work as an intern can spare the school tuition32 According to Nick Clegg, the u
47、npaid internships are beneficial to_.（A）the unskilled（B） the new comers（C） the old employees（D）the rich and privileged33 What measure do the companies take to avoid legal troubles?（A）They exchange internships for academic credits.（B） They begin to pay the interns salaries.（C） They ask the colleges f
48、or guidance and supervision.（D）They only hire full-time employees.34 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）new labor laws havent been established（B） the government cannot forbid the unpaid internships now（C） the internships become more and more important（D）interns need to learn how to
49、protect their rights35 Whats the subject of the text?（A）The ways to get an internship（B） The interns troubles（C） Unpaid internships（D）The internship laws35 Conventional traffic engineering assumes that given no increase in vehicles, more roads mean less congestion. So when planners in Seoul tore down a six-lane highway a few years ago and replaced it with a five-mile-long park, many transportation pro
