1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 142 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 If you want to succeed, you have to be passionate【C1】_your work. It has to be true. 【C2 】_speakers around the globe say so. The pr
2、estigious consulting firm Deloitte quantified it in a report that said, “Up to 87. 7 percent of Americas workforce is not able to contribute【C3】_their full potential because they dont have enthusiasm for their work. “ Enthusiasm for your work intensifies focus, provides the drive to persist when cha
3、llenges【C4 】_, and enables creativity. It is also important to remember【C5】_passion can fade and relationships with too much of it early on can result【C6】_disillusionment. You see this at work when a formerly “passionate“ employee becomes jaded and cynical because things just arent as they used to b
4、e in the past. If you are fortunate to work every day at a career or job about which you are passionate,【C7】_yourself lucky. The reality is, according to the Deloitte study, there【 C8】_that many people who are enthusiastic about what they do. You cant easily toss the dispassionate masses aside and h
5、ire all new people who are in love with what you do. 【C9 】_, some jobs and industries just dont elicit passion. Many companies need people to perform jobs that never appear on anyones most desirable list. They are often physically challenging, somewhat monotonous, and provide low wages. They may hav
6、e limited【 C10】_for advancement, and they exist in industries that are profitable but not sexy. One of my manufacturing clients perfectly【C11】_this description, and despite the difficult environment , people show【C12】_and do a great job every day. They arent particularly crazy about their jobs, but
7、they are driven by an immense pride in their performance. A positive【C13】_of pride is grounded in humility. It establishes and maintains a reputation for excellence. Pride doesnt【C14 】_shortcuts, and most important, it maintains high standards when passion for the job has diminished. At the【C15】_of
8、the day, you cant ignore the impact of passion. Virtually【C16】_raises their hands when I ask seminar participants if they would do their ideal jobs for less than one percent of what they make today. We should, however, pay more attention【C17】_pride. Pride speaks to character, and character is an exc
9、ellent indicator of the quality and commitment of the work. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. said: “If a man is called to be a street sweeper, he should sweep streets【C18 】_as Michelangelo painted, or Beethoven composed music, or Shakespeare wrote poetry. He should sweep streets so well that all the host
10、s of heaven and earth will【C19 】_to say, here lived a great street sweeper who did his job well. “ Most assume that Dr. King was talking about the importance of passion【C20】_of the status of your position. Perhaps, however, we missed the real message about having personal pride in your performance.1
11、 【C1 】（A）in（B） about（C） from（D）on2 【C2 】（A）Motivated（B） Motivational（C） Motivating（D）Motivate3 【C3 】（A）to（B） down（C） in（D）from4 【C4 】（A）rise（B） arise（C） raise（D）arisen5 【C5 】（A）how（B） where（C） that（D）why6 【C6 】（A）in（B） from（C） to（D）on7 【C7 】（A）regard（B） think（C） consider（D）believe8 【C8 】（A）are（B） we
12、re（C） arent（D）werent9 【C9 】（A）Likely（B） Likeless（C） Likeable（D）Likewise 10 【C10 】（A）chance（B） choice（C） time（D）room 11 【C11 】（A）gives（B） fits（C） defies（D）beggars 12 【C12 】（A）off（B） out（C） over（D）up13 【C13 】（A）matter（B） sense（C） source（D）swelling14 【C14 】（A）cross（B） go（C） travel（D）take15 【C15 】（A）beg
13、inning（B） end（C） front（D）middle 16 【C16 】（A）all（B） everyone（C） none（D）someone 17 【C17 】（A）for（B） of（C） on（D）to 18 【C18 】（A）even（B） so（C） such（D）like19 【C19 】（A）happy（B） hate（C） must（D）pause20 【C20 】（A）despite（B） dismiss（C） regardless（D）regardingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer
14、 the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 If youve ever pushed back your bedtime to watch just one more episode of Orange Is the New Black, or lay in bed wide-eyed after streaming three exhilarating hours of Game of Thrones, this new research probably wont surprise you.
15、A new study in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine is the first to link binge-watching with poorer sleep quality, more fatigue, and increased insomnia. Not only does on-demand TV tempt us to keep watching episode after episode, say the studys authors , but the shows are also designed to draw us i
16、n, boost suspense, and emotionally invest in plotlines and characters. This can lead to excitement and increased arousal, the research shows, which can translate into “increased cognitive alertness“ and consequently an inability to get the shuteye you need. Interestingly, no relationship was found b
17、etween sleep problems and regular television watching, during which viewers typically switch from one program to another. Co-author Jan Van den Bulck, PhD, professor of communication studies at the University of Michigan, says his study does not prove that binge-watching directly affects sleep quali
18、ty, but it provides good evidence that the two are linked. There are several ways in which streaming shows might keep us from scoring slumber, he adds. The study involved 423 young adults, ages 18 to 25, who completed online surveys about how often they watched television, both conventional TV and s
19、treaming services. They were also asked how frequently they “ binge-watched“ shows, defined as watching multiple consecutive episodes of the same show in one sitting, on any type of screen. They also answered questions about their sleep quality and how tired (or alert) they felt throughout the day.
20、More than 80% of the participants identified themselves as binge watchers, with 20% of that group binge-watching at least a few times a week in the previous month. A little more than half of binge-watchers said they tended to view three to four episodes in one sitting, and the average binge session
21、was just over 3 hours. Men binged less frequently than women, but their viewing sessions were nearly twice as long on average. 21 What does binge-watching mean in Paragraph 1?（A）Consuming alcohol while watching TV.（B） Watching poorly made TV programs.（C） Watching TV for an excessive period of time.（
22、D）Downloading TV programs illegally. 22 What could be the harm of “increased cognitive alertness“?（A）The shows are designed to attract viewers.（B） On-demand TV leads to more people indulged in TV.（C） People experience extreme excitement and sadness.（D）Some people are unable to fall asleep. 23 What d
23、oes the study say about the relation between watching TV and sleep?（A）Regular television watching induces insomnia.（B） Binge-watching directly affects sleep quality.（C） Switching from one program to another leads lower sleep quality.（D）Binge-watching is somehow linked with sleep quality. 24 The resu
24、lts of study shows that_.（A）The majority of the participants are binge watchers（B） Women tend to have more self-control over the frequency of binge-watching（C） Conventional TV attract more binge-watchers than streaming services（D）Young adults tend to have more sleep problems than older people 25 Wha
25、t is this passage mainly about?（A）The methods of avoid binge-watching.（B） The methods of raising sleep quality.（C） The relation between binge-watching and sleep.（D）The relation between binge-watching and age groups. 25 Before the global financial crisis, emerging economies like China aspired to “dec
26、ouple“ themselves from the rich world, hoping that local demand and regional trade would sustain them even if Western markets faltered. After the crisis, rich economies aspired to couple themselves with China, one of the few sources of growth in a moribund world. Car-makers in Germany, iron-ore mine
27、rs in Australia and milk-powder makers in New Zealand all benefited enormously from exports to the Middle Kingdom. Every company needed a China story to tell. But as China slows and America gradually recovers, those stories are becoming less compelling. Some of them are turning into cautionary tales
28、. Exposure to China does not always endear a firm to investors, as GlaxoSmithKline, a British pharmaceutical giant embroiled in a corruption scandal in the country, is now discovering. As a rough gauge of multinational exposure to China The Economist in 2010 introdued the “Sinode-pendency index“ (中国
29、依赖指数), a stock market index that weights American multinationals according to their China revenues. The latest version of the index includes many of the member companies of the S rather, they reward it only when they believe it will contribute to the employees productivity. We should not overlook th
30、e fact that there is still a strong correlation between education, occupation , and income. College graduates have a strong advantage over those with less education. But the payoff is neither as large nor as certain as it once was. Unfortunately, Americans have focused so strongly on the economic pa
31、yoff that many consider their college education useless if it does not yield a desirable, well-paying job. Only in this sense can we speak of an “oversupply“ of college graduates. We could argue that all or at least the majority of Americans would profit by some degree because higher education can e
32、nable the individual to think more deeply, explore more widely, and enjoy a greater range of experiences.31 The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means that_.（A）Education will pay off in terms of upward mobility（B） People with high education will have immense opportunities（C） Educational institutio
33、ns provide more graduates than needed（D）Many college graduates fail to meet the job requirements 32 According to the author, what is the real problem of public education today?（A）People not having received higher education find it difficult to land a job.（B） Poor economy brings far less jobs for col
34、lege graduates than before.（C） College graduates see a remarkable decline in income.（D）The government has less budget for building schools. 33 The underlined word “commensurate“ is closest in meaning to_.（A）appropriate（B） respectable（C） adequate（D）advisable34 Greater educational attainment does not
35、necessarily guarantees career advancement because_.（A）educational attainment only represents academic achievement（B） educational attainment means nothing to employers if it doesnt give economic benefits（C） educational attainment has no relation with employees professional skills（D）educational attain
36、ment can only be achieved by a small number of students35 What does the author think about college education according to the last paragraph?（A）Americans should focus more on vocational education.（B） College education receive less attention in recent years.（C） College education is useless in getting
37、 a desirable job.（D）Most Americans still find college education rewarding. 35 On September 28th Tim Cook, Apples chief executive, published an open letter apologising to customers for the shortcomings of the companys maps. Mr. Cook even directed users to alternative map apps, writing that they could
38、 be downloaded from Apples App Store and that Googles and Nokias maps were available as web apps. Apples mobile maps used to be supplied by its friend-turned-archrival, Google. But this year Apple decided to put maps of its own into iOS 6, rather than be beholden to its foe. The new maps are built i
39、nto the iPhone, which went on sale on September 21st. The Internet has been teeming with complaints about a lack of detail and a surfeit of errors. And unlike Googles maps, Apples lack public-transport information. Maps are becoming important strategic terrain. They are more than an aid to getting f
40、rom A to B. Apps based on locationto summon a taxi, sayneed maps inside them. Digital maps can include countless layers of information, plus advertisements from which money can be made. There are thousands of indoor maps, too, of airports, department stores and so forth. Smart phones also act as sen
41、sors, reporting their whereabouts, which can be used to improve maps. According to comScore, a data firm, in August 95% of American iPhone owners and 83% of owners of smart phones with Googles Android operating system used a mobile map. Meanwhile, Apple seems to be relying on three things. The first
42、 is speedy improvement. (It is reportedly trying to hire ex-Googlers. ) The second is the embedding of useful content. Its new maps have spoken turn-by-turn driving directions, which Googles version for the iPhone did not, as well as reviews from Yelp, a local-listings company that offers pretty ful
43、l coverage of eateries and bars in America but much less elsewhere. The third is the loyalty of Apples fans. More than 5million iPhone 5s were sold in the first three days. Although some analysts had expected more, that still beat the previous version, the 4S, by 1 million. Under the late Steve Jobs
44、 Apple paid fanatical attention to detail, so it is remarkable that its maps should have come up so short. But polishing its hardware was one thing; the struggle with maps “has been the first really obvious head-butting of the wall,“ says Carolina Milanesi of Gartner, another research firm. In a mar
45、ket in which brands can fall fast, that is a rare luxury.36 The expression “be beholden to its foe“ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.（A）hold on to traditional hardware services（B） be manipulated by its competitor（C） lag behind and go bankrupt（D）pay billions of dollars developing new iPhone37
46、 Why does mobile map mean so much for tech companies?（A）It provides guidance for people to get from A to B.（B） It determines the future of the automobile industry.（C） It contains vast information which can be monetized.（D）It has great potential to expand the pool of users. 38 According to the passag
47、e, which of the following is not mentioned as one of the things Apple should focus on?（A）Upgrading the map as soon as possible.（B） Adding innovative features.（C） Providing free map services for loyal fans.（D）Maintaining strong link with fanatic consumers. 39 Carolina Milanesi implies that_.（A）the mo
48、ve taken by Apple is not wise（B） Apple maps are striving to be so accurate as to be able to show the wall of buildings（C） Apple maps is bound to be a success（D）Apple has abandoned the old tradition of paying attention to detail40 Which is the best tide of the passage?（A）Criticism Heaped on Apple: th
49、e Growing importance of Cartography（B） Competition heightened between tech giants Google and Apple（C） How to design a mobile map App（D）Apple: Embarking on a new journey without Steve JobsPart B (10 points) 40 You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the listAtoGfor each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answer
