1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 160 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Organised volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to【C1】
2、_to deduce the potential from a list of adventures outside the classroom on a graduates resume,【C2】_now the University of Bristol has launched an award to formalize the achievements of students who【C3】_time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLuS aims to boost students in an increasingly【C
3、4】_job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside【C5】 _qualifications.“Our students are pretty active, but we found that they didnt【C6 】_appreciate the value of what they did【C7】_the lecture hall,“ says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. “Employ
4、ers are much more【C8 】_than they used to be. They used to look for【C9】_and saw it as part of their job to extract the value of a candidates skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are【C10】_to the job.“Students who【C11 】_the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of
5、 work experience or【C12】_work, attend four workshops on employability skills, take part in an intensive skills-related activity【C13】_, crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained.【C14】_efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who【C15】_best on the sports field can take
6、the Sporting PLuS Award which fosters employer-friendly sports accomplishments.The experience does not have to be【C16】_organised. “Were not just interested in easily identifiable skills,“ says Goodman “【C17】_, one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so【C18】_negotiation ski
7、lls. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives. “Goodman hopes the【C19 】_will enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and encourage their less-active【C20】_to take up activities outside their academic area of work.1 【C1 】（A）advisors（B） employers（C） critics（D）sp
8、ecialists2 【C2 】（A）but（B） unless（C） which（D）since3 【C3 】（A）donate（B） divide（C） deliver（D）devote4 【C4 】（A）competitive（B） prosperous（C） resourceful（D）harmonious5 【C5 】（A）academic（B） artistic（C） technical（D）interactive6 【C6 】（A）earnestly（B） necessarily（C） dominantly（D）gracefully7 【C7 】（A）over（B） outsid
9、e（C） along（D）through8 【C8 】（A）enlightening（B） considerate（C） demanding（D）generous9 【C9 】（A）popularity（B） potential（C） origin（D）initial10 【C10 】（A）reluctant（B） responsive（C） relevant（D）respective11 【C11 】（A）have faith in（B） give up（C） do well in（D）sign up for12 【C12 】（A）voluntary（B） elective（C） casua
10、l（D）domestic13 【C13 】（A）or（B） and（C） so（D）thus14 【C14 】（A）Exceptional（B） Occasional（C） Informative（D）Relative15 【C15 】（A）convey（B） perform（C） circulate（D）formulate16 【C16 】（A）fortunately（B） formally（C） roughly（D）randomly17 【C17 】（A）Of course（B） In essence（C） In contrast（D）For instance18 【C18 】（A）inv
11、olved（B） operated（C） determined（D）demonstrated19 【C19 】（A）device（B） section（C） distraction（D）scheme20 【C20 】（A）attendants（B） members（C） peers（D）agentsPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Dont look now, but theyr
12、e all around you. Theyre standing by the copy machine, hovering by the printer, answering the phone. Yes, theyre the overworked, underappreciated interns: young, eager and not always paid. And with just 20% of the graduating class of 2011 gainfully employed, according to the National Association of
13、Colleges and Employers, there are more and more of them each day. It seems the importance of internships for securing full-time work has dramatically increased over the years.Intern, previously used in the medical profession to define a person with a degree but without a license to practice, became
14、a term for a physician in training following World War I, when medical school was no longer seen as preparation enough for practice. Later, the word migrated to politics as an alternative to the term apprentice as a reference to those interested in learning about careers in government. Meanwhile, co
15、-op programs, in which students would work at a company for an extended period during college, emerged. From 1970 to 1983, the number of colleges and universities offering the programs increased from 200 to 1,000. Sure, it took an extra year to earn a B.A., but for three months each school year, stu
16、dents worked for companies they were interested in, tried out careers they werent sure about and earned money to help cover tuition.Internship programs have produced several successes: Bill Gates was once a congressional page, and Oprah Winfrey worked at a CBS affiliate during her college years, jus
17、t to name a few. Of course, Monica Lewinsky was a 22-year-old White House intern when she engaged in an intimate relationship with President Clinton, a scandal that still taints both offices.Todays interns are not limited to summer jobs at their local businesses. Some programs provide dorm housing i
18、n cities like New York and Washington, allowing students from around the country to work for the nations biggest companies. Many popular cities even have Facebook groups devoted to providing social outings and networking opportunities for the thousands of interns who descend each summer.Though inter
19、nships were formerly praised as an opportunity for students to explore career options, doing so now comes with a price. Some experts argue that internships punish those who might decide later than age 18 what they want to do with their life. More important, they can favor wealthier students, who can
20、 afford to not make any money during the summer, over the less privileged. Still, with pressure increasing on students to find work, the passion for internships is only growing. To land that first job, career advisers now say, applicants should have two or more internships under their belt. Anyone w
21、ho takes a summer to simply explore might be too late.21 It can be learned from the first paragraph that interns _.（A）are assigned the least important jobs（B） are almost everywhere on the planet（C） belong to the 20% of the graduating class（D）are more probably to get a full-time offer22 According to
22、Paragraph 2, the word “intern“ _.（A）is no longer used in medical profession（B） has a long ancient history（C） is used in wider range now（D）has substituted the word apprentice23 The case of Monica Lewinsky is cited in Paragraph 3 to show that _.（A）Lewinsky is a successful intern model for others to le
23、arn from（B） interns can be influential, though may not in a positive way（C） working in governments is more complicated than in CBS（D）interns should watch out for their behaviors, avoiding scandals24 Which of the following is true about summer jobs?（A）Students can only apply for summer jobs near thei
24、r homes.（B） Summer jobs are organized by Facebook online.（C） Some companies offer accommodations to the interns.（D）Poorer students are more competitive in finding summer jobs.25 Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?（A）Talent Market: Past and Present（B） Internship:
25、A Must for Promising Careers（C） Exploration for Job OptionsSummer Jobs（D）How to Secure A Full-time Job25 Bankruptcy rates in the U.S. have been growing for more than two decades despite generally rising levels of personal income. The most prominent explanation puts the blame directly on credit cards
26、, which became vastly more popular in the past 30 years. University of Pennsylvania law professor David A. Skeel notes that a 1978 Supreme Court decision allowed credit-card companies to charge the interest rate allowed in their state of incorporation. As a result, many incorporated in the high-rate
27、 states of Delaware and South Dakota. Being able to charge high rates throughout the country, they could afford to issue cards to those with limited ability to repay. Many high-risk cardholders, overburdened with debt, filed for bankruptcy.Skeel also notes that the impersonality of credit-card borro
28、wing may have helped weaken the moral imperative to repay debts: in the 1960s a prospective borrower met face-to-face with a bank lending officer, but today the borrower gets credit by responding to a junk-mail offer.Other developments also fueled the rise in bankruptcy, including medical bills. A H
29、arvard University study found that about a quarter of filers cited illness or injury as the specific reason for their troubles. Loss of jobs probably also drove some credit-card holders into bankruptcy. Other possible contributors include the growth of the gambling industry in recent years and the S
30、upreme Courts 1977 decision to allow lawyers to advertise directly to the general public.Changes in bankruptcy law apparently have had little effect on filings. The Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 was designed to make it easier for consumers to pay off debts and start anew. As under previous acts, pen
31、niless debtors could file for complete discharge of debts under Chapter 7, and debtors with substantial assets could arrange for partial repayment under Chapter 13. Most filers opted for the more generous provisions of Chapter 7. During the six years following implementation of the act, filings rose
32、 substantially. The act was amended in 1984 to curb opportunistic petitions. However, filings went in the opposite direction than expected. Evidently, easy credit and other debt-creating forces have been more powerful.The latest legal effort is the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection
33、 Act of 2005, which went into effect in October. The new act lays down far more strict standards for debtors, including a test to qualify for Chapter 7 relief. Despite the new restrictions, bankruptcy experts tend to be skeptical or noncommittal about the effectiveness in reducing filings.26 Accordi
34、ng to Paragraph 1, bankruptcy rates in the U.S. have been increasing mainly because _.（A）having credit cards was a fashionable trend in the 1970s（B） credit-card companies charged only those unable to repay high rates（C） many indebted people easily claimed bankruptcy throughout the country（D）many cre
35、dit card holders pressed by debt have filed for bankruptcy27 By saying “the impersonality of credit-card borrowing“ (Line 1, Para 2), the author implies that_.（A）e-mails have taken over interpersonal communications（B） face-to-face interviews with bankers would strengthen morality（C） people can own a
36、 credit card by replying to a junk-mail offer（D）credit-card borrowing has lost the moral obligations28 Which of the following is true about the other factors fueling the bankruptcy rise?（A）Lack of medical insurance has brought about social troubles（B） Unemployment has weakened cardholders ability to
37、 repay debts（C） The growth of gambling industry has inhibited money wasting（D）Government authorities have decided to legalize bankruptcy29 Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 was amended in 1984 in order to _（A）promote easy credit（B） counter debt-creating forces（C） give debtors more freedom（D）prevent oppo
38、rtunistic filings30 We can conclude from the last paragraph that_.（A）bankruptcy in the U.S. will decrease in the long run（B） new acts concerning bankruptcy will protect debtors（C） despite legal efforts uncertainty remains in bankruptcy issues（D）bankruptcy experts dont care about the effectiveness of
39、 filings30 The technology revolution may be coming to poor countries via the mobile phone, not the personal computer, as it did in rich ones. And just as the Internet encouraged an entrepreneurial philosophy, and with it the creation of a few too many dotcom firms, Africas surge in mobile-phone use
40、may unleash the same sort of business energy, but tailored to local needs.One such initiative is about to begin. TradeNet, a software company based in Accra, Ghana, will unveil a simple sort of eBay for agricultural products across a dozen countries in West Africa. It lets buyers and sellers indicat
41、e what they are after and their contact information, which is sent to all relevant subscribers as an SMS text message in one of four languages. Interested parties can then reach others directly to do a deal. Listing offers is free, as is receiving the texts. TradeNet plans to earn revenue by putting
42、 advertisements in the messages, though it hopes the service will become so useful that recipients will eventually want to pay. For the moment, though, the company is busy signing up users and swallowing the cost of sending the messages.Mobile-phone use in sub-Saharan Africa is soaring. Whereas only
43、 10% of the population had network coverage in 1999, today more than 60% have it, a figure expected to exceed 85% in the coming year, according to the GSM Association, an industry trade group. This provides the infrastructure for businesses like TradeNet to function.TradeNet is the brainchild of Mar
44、k Davies, a British dotcom tycoon who gave up the rat race and went to Africa in 2000. In 2005, he started the prototype for TradeNet using around $600,000 of his own money and about $200,000 from aid agencies. An early set of trials last year generated a surplus of trades, such as a sale of organic
45、 fertilizer between a person in Yemen and another in Nigeria.A number of other mobile-phone market-places taking shape also started as aid projects. For example, Trade at Hand, a project funded by the UNs International Trade Centre in Geneva, provides daily price information for fruit and vegetable
46、exports in Burkina Faso and Mali, with plans to add more countries. And Manobi, a telecoms firm based in Senegal, providing real-time agricultural and fish prices to fee-paying subscribers, is also backed by aid money. But TradeNets approach is unique so far because it collects valuable economic dat
47、anames, locations, business interests and telephone numbersand then sells them to advertisers. The price of economic development may be junk mail by mobile phone.31 The word “unleash“ (Line 3, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to _.（A）generate（B） intensify（C） concentrate（D）loosen32 It can be learned th
48、at TradeNet_.（A）is to agricultural products what eBay is to manufactured products（B） sets its ultimate goal as “let its users pay for the services“（C） obtains its revenue through users payment for its services（D）is able to run its business due to high network coverage and cell-phone availability33 A
49、ccording to Paragraph 4, Mark Davies _.（A）had a dotcom firm that dominated the British market（B） was the person who benefited most from the African market（C） had been tired of the fierce competition among British dotcom firms（D）created and founded the firm TradeNet all by himself34 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）with the UNs support, Trade at Hand is bound to spread to the whole African continent（B） a
