1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 1 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born quality
2、【C1】_our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are【C2】_.Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, 【C3 】 _being seen. There is a type of authority which can be【C4 】_from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership. 【C5 】_there is movement
3、 and action, the true leaders is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the【C6】_for anecdotes, whether true or 【C7】_; character.One of the simplest devices is to be absent【C8】_the occasion when the leader might be 【C9】_to be there, enough in itsel
4、f to start a rumor about the vital business【C10 】_has detained him. To【C11】_up for this, he can appear when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display【C12】_things which other folks might 【C13】_as trivial.With this gift for【C14】_curiosity the leader always combines
5、 a reluctance to talk about himself. His interest is【C15】_in other people, he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all【C16】_is relevant. He never leaves a party【C17 】_he has mentally filed a minimum dossier(档案) on【C18 】_present, ensuring that he knows【C19】_to say when he mee
6、ts them again. He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen【C20】_talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.1 【C1 】（A）in（B） beyond（C） under（D）of2 【C2 】（A）united（B） dragged（C） drawn（D）hauled3 【C3 】（A）at（B） in（C） about（D）on4 【C4 】（A）looked（B） recognized（C）
7、 exercised（D）respected5 【C5 】（A）Where（B） Though（C） Because（D）When6 【C6 】（A）minor role（B） subject（C） joke（D）supplement7 【C7 】（A）incorrect（B） wrong（C） false（D）bad8 【C8 】（A）in（B） on（C） at（D）under9 【C9 】（A）refused（B） suspected（C） expelled（D）expected10 【C10 】（A）which（B） when（C） what（D）where11 【C11 】（A）ta
8、ke（B） make（C） come（D）give12 【C12 】（A）on（B） in（C） about（D）at13 【C13 】（A）look（B） think（C） view（D）deal14 【C14 】（A）decreasing（B） possessing（C） inspiring（D）urging15 【C15 】（A）directly（B） obscurely（C） scarcely（D）plainly16 【C16 】（A）which（B） that（C） what（D）one17 【C17 】（A）after（B） when（C） until（D）before18 【C1
9、8 】（A）someone（B） everyone（C） men（D）one19 【C19 】（A）when（B） where（C） which（D）what20 【C20 】（A）and（B） or（C） than（D）butPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Education is all enormous and expensive part of American lif
10、e. Its size is matched by its variety.Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyonenot just for a privileged elite. Schools are expected to meet the needs of every child, regardless
11、 of ability, and also the needs of society itself. This means that public schools offer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing, sewing, radio repair, computer programming or driver training, along with traditiona
12、l academic subjects such as mathematics, history, and languages. Students choose their curricula depending on their interests, future goals, and level of ability. The underlying goal of American education is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities, and to give each one a
13、 sense of civic(公民的)and community consciousness.Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and “Americanizing“ the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schools still play a large role in the communit
14、y, especially in the small towns.The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to, many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and cre
15、ative abilities. Students spend much time, learning how to use resource materials, libraries, statistics and computers. Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing ho
16、w to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts.This is Americas answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-moving time: “How can one prepare todays child for a tomorrow that one can neither predict no
17、r understand?“21 Which of the following best states the goal of American education?（A）To teach every learner some practical skills.（B） To provide every learner with rich knowledge.（C） To give every student the opportunity to fully develop his or her ability.（D）To train every student to be a responsi
18、ble citizen.22 According to the goal of American education, it is implied in the passage that（A）all high-school students take the same courses（B） every high-school student must take some practical ability training courses（C） every public school offers the same academic subjects（D）the subjects every
19、student takes may vary23 American schools place great emphasis on the learners_.（A）enrichment of knowledge（B） accumulation of facts（C） acquisition of the ability to be creative（D）acquisition of the ability to work with his hands24 According to the passage, American education meets the needs of all t
20、he following EXCEPT_.（A）the brightest students（B） the slow students（C） the students from foreign countries（D）the immigrants25 Which of the following best states the feature of American education that makes it different from education in other countries?（A）The large number of its schools.（B） The vari
21、ety of the courses offered in its schools.（C） Its special consideration given to immigrants.（D）Its underlying goal to develop every childs abilities to the fullest extent.25 Low speed bicycle crashes can badly injure or even kill children if they fall onto the ends of the handlebars so a team of eng
22、ineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal(腹 部的) injuries in children in the past 30 years showing that more th
23、an a third were caused by bicycle accidents. “The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures,“ she says.By interviewing the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct many of the accidents and identified a common mechanism res
24、ponsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degreesbut their momentum (冲力) forces them into the end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over
25、and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen.The solution the group came up with is a handgrip (握柄) fitted with a spring and damping(缓冲的 )system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmitted through the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes
26、to commercialize the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem,“ says Arbogast.The team has also approached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to pers
27、uade manufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year.26 According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because_.（A）they are not noble enough（B） they may kill children（C） they are likely to crash（D）they make the bike move at a low speed27 I
28、n Paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries_.（A）to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occur（B） to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidents（C） to point out what the countermeasures can be（D）to tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the proj
29、ect28 Paragraph 3 mainly discusses_.（A）why the children and their parents were interviewed（B） when the children turn the handlebars through 90 degrees（C） what causes the children to topple over（D）how serious injuries occur29 The new handgrip works in which of the following Ways?（A）It call be commerc
30、ialized.（B） It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents.（C） It adds a few dollars to the cost of a bike.（D）It changes the direction of the handlebars in all impact.30 The passage implies that_.（A）it is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design（B） the team of engineers has n
31、ot found any countermeasures（C） children like to ride bicycles at a very low speed（D）a lot of children were killed in bicycle accidents in the past 30 years30 The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago and decided its not for you.The chances are equally good that you kn
32、ow a lot of smokersthere are, after all about 60 million of themwork with them, and get along with them very well.And finally its a pretty safe bet that youre open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and non-smokersor you wouldnt be reading this.And those three things make
33、you incredibly important today.Because they mean that its your voicenot the smokers and not the anti-smokers that will determine how much of societys efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.For one tragic result of the
34、emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the non-smoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents o
35、f every publicly contributed dollar on “education“ (much of it in anti-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to
36、 give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest members who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve societys interest better by working together in mutua
37、l accommodation.Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.31 What does the word “wall“ used in the passage mean?（A）Anti-smoking propaganda.（B） Diseases striking non-smokers as well
38、as smokers.（C） Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.（D）Separation of smokers from non-smokers.32 In Paragraph 4, “you“ refers to_.（A）smokers（B） non-smokers（C） anti-smokers（D）smokers who have quitted smoking33 It is evident that the author is not in favor of_.（A）building a wall between smokers
39、 and non-smokers（B） doing scientific research at the expense of ones health（C） bringing smokers and non-smokers together（D）proving accommodation for smokers34 As is suggested, the common solution to the common problem is_.（A）to separate people from people（B） to work together in mutual accommodation（
40、C） to make us more keenly aware of choice（D）to serve societys interests better35 According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders actions_.（A）optimistically（B） pessimistically（C） unconcernedly（D）skeptically35 For three decades weve heard endlessly about the virtues of a
41、erobic (increasing oxygen consumption) exercise, Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health, and millions of Americans have taken to the treadmill(踏车)to reap the rewards. But the story is changing. Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon genera
42、ls office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics. And as weight lifting has gone mainstream, so has the once obscure practice known as “Super Slow“ training. Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snails pacemaking each “rep“ (repeat) last 14 seconds instead of the
43、usual seven-you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles, and call forth an extraordinary response. Slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need, as some advocates believe, but the benefits are often dramatic.Almost anyone can handle this routine. The only requirements are comple
44、te focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn. For each exerciseleg press, bench press, shoulder press and so onyou set the machine to provide only moderate resistance. But as you draw out each rep, depriving yourself of impetus, the weight soon feels unbearable. Defying the impulse to stop, you k
45、eep going until you cant complete a rep. Then you sustain your vain effort for 10 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle. Intense? Uncomfortable? Totally. But once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout, it can become almost pleasure.The goal is not to burn ca
46、lories while youre exercising but to make your body burn them all the time. Running a few miles may make you sweat, but it expends only 100 calories per mile, and it doesnt stimulate much bone or muscle development. Strength training doesnt burn many calories, either. But when you push a muscle to f
47、ailure, you set off a pour of physiological changes. As the muscle recovers over several days, it will thicken and the new muscle tissue will demand sustenance. By the time you add three pounds of muscle, your body requires an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even. Hold your diet steady an
48、d, very quickly, you are vaporizing body fat.One might have benefited from any strength-training program. But advocates insist that the slow technique is safer and more effective than traditional methods.36 Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years by virtue of_.（A）its inherent awards to thei
49、r health（B） its greater consumption of oxygen（C） the compliment paid by authorities（D）the actual benefits from the exercise37 According to the author, “Super Slow“ training_.（A）has been misunderstood for decades（B） has been widely accepted recently（C） has been the basis of weight lifting（D）has become the nucleus of aerobics38 In practicing slow lifting, one has to_.（A）complete each rep
