1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 20 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Even the Saudisor rather, the small number of men who actually rule their troubled countryare giving ground in the struggle for wom
2、ens rights. For sure, the recommendations (1)_ this week to Crown Prince Abdullah at the end of an (2)_ round of “national dialogue“ concentrating on the role of women were fairly tame. in the reformers-versus-reactionaries (3)_ test of whether women should, be allowed to drive cars (at present they
3、 cannot do so in the kingdom, nor can they travel unaccompanied, by whatever (4)_ of motion), the king was merely asked to“ (5)_ a body to study a public-transport system for women to facilitate mobility“. (6)_ mention, of course, of the right to votebut then that has been (7)_ to men too, though lo
4、cal elections, on an apparently universal franchise, are supposed to be held in October. In sum, it is a tortoises progress. But the very fact of the debate happening at all is (8)_ and hopeful.It is not just in Saudi Arabia that more rights for women are being demanded (9)_ across the whole of the
5、Arab and Muslim world. The pushy Americans have made womens rights part of their appeal for greater democracy in (10)_ they now officially call the “broader Middle East“, to include non-Arab Muslim countries such as Iran, Turkey and even Afghanistan. Many Arabs have cautioned the Americans against s
6、eeking to (11)_ their own values on societies with such different traditions and (12)_. Many leading Muslims have (13)_ the culturally imperious Americans of seeking to (14)_ Islam. The (15)_ for more democracy in the Muslim world issued by leaders of the eight biggest industrial countries was water
7、ed down for fear of giving (16)_. Yet, despite the Arabs prickliness, the Americans have helped pep up a debate that is now bubbling fiercely in the Arab world, even (17)_ many Arab leaders, none of whom is directly elected by the people, are understandably (18)_ of reforms that could lead to their
8、own toppling. Never before have womens rights in the Arab world been so (19)_ debated. That (20)_ is cause to rejoice.（A）remoulded（B） inherited（C） accorded（D）handed（A）unprecedented（B） unquenchable（C） unorthodox（D）unmatched（A）tenor（B） gist（C） glamour（D）litmus（A）metabolism（B） means（C） metaphrase（D）met
9、hodology（A）assign（B） assuage（C） assume（D）attest（A）Not（B） Never（C） No（D）Scarcely（A）discounted（B） demurred（C） discredited（D）denied（A）melodious（B） remarkable（C） mercurial（D）resistant（A）otherwise（B） but（C） thereat（D）whereupon（A）what（B） that（C） whether（D）which（A）sanction（B） impose（C） inhibit（D）license（A）
10、strategies（B） ideals（C） beliefs（D）tactics（A）robbed（B） accused（C） relieved（D）stripped（A）destroy（B） defy（C） decimate（D）dilute（A）vicinity（B） collaboration（C） appeal（D）flattery（A）offence（B） collapse（C） disaster（D）passivism（A）as（B） so（C） then（D）though（A）aware（B） supportive（C） wary（D）indicative（A）latently
11、（B） monotonously（C） moderately（D）vigorously（A）lonely（B） solo（C） alone（D）logoPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)21 Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to bu
12、y a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. But the desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible. You soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize that you have spent
13、 far too much time there.This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your hearts content. If it is a
14、 good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?“ You neednt buy anything you dont want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary.You have to be careful n
15、ot to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing, something which had only vaguely interested you up till then.
16、 This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Booksellers must be both long suffering and indulgent.There is a story which well illustrates this.
17、A medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldnt obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in his bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was
18、dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be reproached, he went toward him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away in a corner. “I put it there in case anyone was temp
19、ted to buy it“, he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.Notes: to ones hearts content 尽情地。beckon v. 打招呼。21 You may spend too much time in a bookshop because _.（A）the dust-jackets are very attractive.（B） you start reading one of the books.（C） it is raining outside.（D）you have
20、to make sure you dont buy a dull book as a present.22 According to the text, in a good bookshop _.（A）nobody takes any notice of you.（B） the assistant greets you in a friendly way.（C） your heart is contented.（D）you feel that you are in a music shop.23 It can be learned from the text that an assistant
21、 should offer you help _.（A）as soon as you have entered the shop.（B） just before you finish browsing.（C） only when you have finished reading.（D）when he leads you to a particular section.24 The author implies that it is very easy to enter a bookshop and buy _.（A）a book on ancient coins.（B） a best-sel
22、ling novel on brass-rubbing.（C） a book that only vaguely interests you.（D）a book that unexpectedly fascinates you.25 The textbook the medical student was interested in was tucked away in a corner _.（A）to prevent anyone from buying it.（B） because the medical student might take it away.（C） in case the
23、 medical student was tempted to buy it.（D）because it was a rare and expensive book.26 Those Europeans who are tempted, in the light of the dismal scenes in New Orleans this fortnight, to downgrade the American challenge should meditate on one world: universities. Five years ago in Lisbon European of
24、ficials proclaimed their intention to become the worlds premier “knowledge economy“ by 2010. The thinking behind this grand declaration made sense of a sort: Europes only chance of preserving its living standards lies in working smarter than its competitors rather than harder or cheaper. But Europes
25、 failing higher-education system poses a lethal threat to this ambition.Europe created the modern university. Scholars were gathering in Paris and Bologna before America was on the map. Oxford and Cambridge invented the residential university: the idea of a community of scholars living together to p
26、ursue higher learning. Germany created the research university. A century ago European universities were a magnet for scholars and a model for academic administrators the world over.But, as our survey of higher education explains, since the second world war Europe has progressively surrendered its l
27、ead in higher education to the United States. America boasts 17 of the worlds top 20 universities. American universities currently employ 70% of the worlds Nobel prize-winners, 30% of the worlds output of articles on science and engineering, and 44% of the most frequently cited articles. No wonder d
28、eveloping countries now look to America rather than Europe for a model for higher education.Why have European universities declined so precipitously in recent decades? And what can be done to restore them to their former glory.? The answer to the first question lies in the role of the state. America
29、n universities get their funding from a variety of different sources, not just government but also philanthropists, businesses and, of course, the students themselves. European ones are largely state-funded. The constraints on state funding mean that European governments force universities to “proce
30、ss“ more and more students without giving them the necessary cashand respond to the universities complaints by trying to micromanage them. Inevitably, quality has eroded. Yet, as the American model shows, people are prepared to pay for good higher education, because they know they will benefit from
31、it: thats why America spends twice as much of its GDP on higher education as Europe does.The answer to the second question is to set universities free from the state. Free universities to run their internal affairs: how can French universities, for example, compete for talent with their American riv
32、als when professors are civil servants? And free them to charge fees for their servicesincluding, most importantly, student fees.26 According to the text, the European dream is likely to come true（A）if the current education deterioration can be curbed.（B） when the American challenge no longer causes
33、 controversy over campus-culture.（C） if public attitudes bring about changes in education.（D）when laws and requirement concerning higher-education system are stipulated.27 The available statistics are employed to illustrate（A）the academic glory achieved by Americans.（B） the loss of European predomin
34、ance in higher education.（C） the delayed effect of knowledge explosion.（D）the present status of plagiarism.28 Independence from the state is the prerequisite for（A）academic establishments.（B） European rejuvenation.（C） American model.（D）talent emancipation.29 The text is mainly（A）a review of a fading
35、 system and the relevant solution.（B） about the globalization of knowledge economy.（C） a survey of news approaches to higher education.（D）about merits of the European higher-education system.30 Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（A）To set university free will benefit the fading Euro
36、pean higher education.（B） Research university took shape in Germany.（C） Developing nations used to follow European higher education.（D）The way of fund-raising from diverse channels is not illuminating at all.31 Mary Eberstadt writes in Home-Alone America that growing obesity, the high incidence of s
37、exually transmitted disease among teenagers and an overdependence on drugs such as Ritalin for attention deficit disorder are often the fault of parents who “outsource“ their responsibilities.“We tend to think that the problems with juveniles are located at the bottom end of the social spectrum, but
38、 latchkey children are more common among the affluent,“ said Eberstadt, a mother of four who is a conservative writer and research fellow at Stanford Universitys Hoover Institution.According to the most recent figures from the US Census Bureau, 41% of children aged 12 to 14 regularly look after them
39、selves at the end of the school day. The figures rise with prosperity. For children aged 5 to 14, “self-care increases from 11% of children in poverty to 22% of those with family incomes at least double the poverty line.“Eberstadts book is dividing sociologists, critics and partisans in the “mommy w
40、ars“ between stay-at-home and working parents. A child clings to the ankles of his smartly dressed mother to stop her leaving for work on the front of the book; he does the same to his father on the back.P. J. ORourke, the conservative commentator and satirist, supports Eberstadts thesis. “If you do
41、nt think (her) arguments have merit, try treating your dog the way America treats its kids,“ he said.“Give the puppy her own set of house keys and put her in front of the television instead of taking her for a walk. Let her eat anything she wants and house train herself. Send her to another master f
42、or visitation at the weekends. And when she comes into heat, turn her loose in the pound.“James Q. Wilson, author of The Marriage Problem: How Our Culture Has Weakened Families is one of the intellectual forces behind zero tolerance policing. He praised the books “great, unarguable theme that parent
43、al care is of decisive importance in shaping the character of our children“.Feminist critics, in contrast, accuse Eberstadt of Taliban-style thinking. The Washington Post attacked her “seductive“ but “nasty“ opinions and lack of “interest in how real people live or think about their lives“.Eberstadt
44、 insists that she is not ordering women back to the home. “The bottom line is a lot more nuanced,“ she said. “It doesnt have to be you there after school, but there are not enough protective, supporting, loving adults around.“Neighbourhoods, she added, “are so emptied of adult presence that even the
45、 richest kids just go home, throw the deadbolt and get no exercise more strenuous than walking from the video game to the refrigerator.“ The result of being home alone is not just snacking and obesity but casual sex, leading to an explosion in venereal diseases that can lead to infertility and cervi
46、cal cancer, Eberstadt said.31 The word “outsource“(Paragraph 1) may be best replaced by（A）abandon.（B） renounce.（C） transfer.（D）submit.32 James Q. Wilson supports Mary Eberstadts new book because（A）he thinks the most important factor in shaping the character of our children is parental care.（B） he ag
47、rees that it is our culture that weakens families.（C） the way America treats its kids is somewhat similar to the way one treats his dog.（D）he is the author of The Marriage Problem: How our culture has weakened Families.33 Mary Eberstadt would mostly agree（A）the problems with juveniles are located at
48、 the bottem end of the social spectrum.（B） women shall not go out to work but stay at home.（C） children in rich families are lack of exercises.（D）leaving children alone will lead to many diseases.34 The phrase “Taliban-style thinking“ (Line 1, Paragraph 8) most probably refers to（A）the way that peop
49、le of Taliban thinks.（B） the guess that Mary Eberstadt may come from Taliban.（C） the conservative way Mary Eberstadt shows in her new book.（D）Mary Eberstadts same way of thinking as Taliban people.35 The text is mainly about（A）the introduction of the wonderful contents of Mary Eberstadts new book.（B） the publishment of a new book and reactions from the society.（C） the high incidence of many social problems resulting from the fault of parents.（D）the
