1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 33 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the【C1】_half of
2、the 19th century; most of【C2】_were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day nursery movement received great【C3】_during the First World War, when【C4 】_of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established【C5】
3、_in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship.【C6 】_the number of nurseries in the U. S. also rose【C7】_, this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War,【C8】_, Federal State and local governments gradually began to exercise a
4、measure of control【C9】_the day nurseries, chiefly by【C10 】_them.The【C11 】_of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were【C12】_called up on to replace men in the factories. On this【C13】_the U. S. government immediately
5、 came to the support of the nursery schools,【C14】_$ 6, 000, 000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities【C15】_this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100, 000 children were being cared【 C16】_in dayc
6、are centers receiving Federal【C17】_Soon afterward, the Federal government【C18】_cut clown its expenditures for this purpose and later【C19】_them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their【 C20】_at the end o
7、f the war was only partly fulfilled.1 【C1 】（A）latter（B） late（C） other（D）first2 【C2 】（A）those（B） them（C） whose（D）whom3 【C3 】（A）impetus（B） input（C） imitation（D）initiative4 【C4 】（A）sources（B） abundance（C） shortage（D）reduction5 【C5 】（A）hardly（B） entirely（C） only（D）even6 【C6 】（A）Because（B） As（C） Since（D）
8、Although7 【C7 】（A）unanimously（B） sharply（C） predominantly（D）militantly8 【C8 】（A）therefore（B） consequently（C） however（D）moreover9 【C9 】（A）over（B） in（C） at（D）about10 【C10 】（A）formulating（B） labeling（C） patenting（D）licensing11 【C11 】（A）outset（B） outbreak（C） breakthrough（D）breakdown12 【C12 】（A）again（B）
9、thus（C） repeatedly（D）yet13 【C13 】（A）circumstance（B） occasion（C） case（D）situation14 【C14 】（A）regulating（B） summoning（C） allocating（D）transferring15 【C15 】（A）expanded（B） facilitated（C） supplemented（D）compensated16 【C16 】（A）by（B） after（C） of（D）for17 【C17 】（A）pensions（B） subsidies（C） revenues（D）budgets1
10、8 【C18 】（A）prevalently（B） furiously（C） statistically（D）drastically19 【C19 】（A）abolished（B） diminished（C） jeopardized（D）precluded20 【C20 】（A）nurseries（B） homes（C） jobs（D）childrenPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
11、20 Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought. In fact, it is saddeni
12、ng to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental man or one from the older generation.This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be
13、 treated with courtesy, and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be
14、 shown to the old, the sick and the burdened.Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behavior of these stout young men in a packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prisoner-camp during th
15、e war. Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?Older people, tired and irritable from a days work, are not angels, either far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each ot
16、her to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems urgent, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication betwe
17、en human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and rushed to be polite. Shop assistants wont bother to assist, taxi drivers shout at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passenger
18、s have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.21 According to the author, seeing a Continental man offer his seat to a grandmotherly woman is_.（A）comforting（B） praiseworthy（C） grie
19、ving（D）shocking22 According to the text, all of the following are true EXCEPT_.（A）senior citizens, though exhausted and irritable, behave rather politely（B） hard conditions in travel is no excuse for young men to refuse giving up seats（C） in the eyes of young men, courtesy shouldnt be shown to women
20、 in transport（D）to improve the quality of city life, communications in transport and between people must be improved as soon as possible23 Shop assistants, taxi drivers and bus conductors are mentioned in the last paragraph so as to_.（A）reveal the chaos of cities（B） show the importance of improving
21、communications in transport（C） illustrate their tiredness and busy state（D）manifest the necessity of improving communications between human beings24 Judging from the context, the word “deterioration“ in the last paragraph most probably means_.（A）worsening of bad manners（B） aggravating of the environ
22、ment（C） declining of the youngs moral sense（D）lowering of citizens living standards25 Judging from the content, this passage is probably written for_.（A）older people（B） stout young men（C） transport system（D）Continental men25 When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious
23、, unpleasant jobs that are more or less impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape.If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much enthusiasm as we devote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, rang
24、ing in size from the gorilla down to the baboon(狒狒), each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, which is able to understand some scores of words and capable of being trained for such jobs as picki
25、ng fruit, clearing up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garage, doing household chores and even baby-sitting, although I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape.Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural w
26、ork, without supervision, though they might need protection from those egregious specimens of human beings who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to w
27、ork under human overseers; and, incidentally, I would love to see the ending of the twenty-first century version of On the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest after literally taking the wicked labor leader apart.Once a supply of nonhuman workers become available, a w
28、hole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully given up by mankind, so its great mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which has annoyed so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: there would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxleys Brave New World to act as
29、 a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, but the second would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.26 Certain
30、 jobs can be considered for apes when_.（A）the jobs are monotonous and impossible to be handled by mechanic equipment（B） we evolve into the stage of automation（C） we devote much enthusiasm to breeding apes（D）the jobs are as simple as picking fruit and shining shoes27 According to the text, which of t
31、he following statements is NOT true?（A）Human beings devote much enthusiasm to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes.（B） With enough dedication, mankind could cultivate useful apes adapted to special kinds of work.（C） Its imaginable that super-apes could be created which can even be trained for baby-s
32、itting.（D）To some babies the author knows, the ape is not capable enough to look after.28 The word “egregious“(Line 3, Para. 3)could best be replaced by_.（A）social（B） hospitable（C） wicked（D）hostile29 Judging from the context, “the honest but hairy hero“(Line 7, Para. 3)most probably means_.（A）the hu
33、man overseer（B） the ape worker（C） the keeper of the ape（D）a heroic ape30 The authors attitude toward breeding super-apes can be summarized as_.（A）neutral（B） negative（C） positive（D）prejudiced30 The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income
34、of about $25, 000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7, 000, and the average Nigerian earned $1, 500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United Stat
35、es, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year(after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years,
36、and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries productivitythat is, the amount of g
37、oods and services produced from each hour of a workers time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Simil
38、arly, the growth rate of a nations productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations
39、 must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.The relationship between productivity and
40、 living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards, policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that wo
41、rkers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.31 Which of the following countries has enjoyed the fastest economic growth in history?（A）Mexico（B） The United States（C） Japan（D）South Korea32 The Word “meager“ in the secon
42、d paragraph is closest in meaning to “_“.（A）modest（B） poor（C） meaningless（D）plentiful33 What is the most important factor that leads to the rise in living standards of average people?（A）labor unions（B） minimum-wage laws（C） rising productivity（D）favorable public policy34 The study of the relationship
43、 between productivity and living standards is significant because_.（A）it calls policymakers attention to a qualified work force（B） it encourages workers to get better education（C） it helps improve the workers ability to produce goods and services（D）it enables policymakers to access the latest techno
44、logy35 Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?（A）The differences in average income among countries（B） The relationship between productivity and living standards（C） The causes of the rise in living standards（D）The importance of raising productivity35 Education is one of
45、the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest“ in institutions of learning to get back
46、“interest“ in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooks those purchasable wells of wisdom what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certai
47、n: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “ facts and figures“ and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow citize
48、ns. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college“ imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect
49、everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the “equal start“ which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to reach again. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding on all. There are no “illiterates“ if the term can be applied to peoples without a script while our own compulsory school attendance became law
