1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 34 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of【C1】_is partly to【C2】_things o
2、r processes with no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in terminology.【 C3】_, they save time, for it is much more【C4】_to name a process than describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very【C5 】_included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rath
3、er【C6】_the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.Different occupations, however, differ【C7】_in their special vocabularies. It【C8】_largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have【C9】_themselves into the very fibre of our language.【C10】_, though highly technical in
4、 many details, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally【C11】_than most other technical terms.【C12】_, every vocation still possesses a large【C13】_of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even【 C14】_educated people. And the proportion has been much【C15】_in the last
5、fifty years. Most of the newly【C16】_terms are【 C17】_to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once【C18】_a close federation. What is called “popular science“ makes everybody【C19】_with modern views and recent disco
6、veries. Any important experiment,【C20】_made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it. Thus, our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.1 【C1 】（A）which（B） what（C） who（D）whom2 【C2 】（A）
7、describe（B） talk about（C） designate（D）indicate3 【C3 】（A）Consequently（B） In contrast（C） However（D）Besides4 【C4 】（A）economical（B） economic（C） thrift（D）economized5 【C5 】（A）properly（B） possibly（C） probably（D）potentially6 【C6 】（A）in（B） on（C） at（D）beyond7 【C7 】（A）largely（B） widely（C） generally（D）extensive
8、ly8 【C8 】（A）constitutes（B） comprises（C） composes（D）consists9 【C9 】（A）worked（B） made（C） taken（D）brought10 【C10 】（A）However（B） Because（C） Hence（D）In addition11 【C11 】（A）understood（B） considered（C） known（D）thought12 【C12 】（A）Therefore（B） Yet（C） In contrast（D）So13 【C13 】（A）series（B） body（C） set（D）range1
9、4 【C14 】（A）for（B） as（C） to（D）among15 【C15 】（A）decreased（B） diminished（C） increasing（D）increased16 【C16 】（A）made（B） coined（C） produced（D）formed17 【C17 】（A）related（B） addressing（C） confined（D）connected18 【C18 】（A）is（B） are（C） was（D）were19 【C19 】（A）associated（B） known（C） acquainted（D）connected20 【C20 】
10、（A）though（B） when（C） as（D）sincePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose to advance learning and to offer a chance to become famili
11、ar with bodies of knowledge already discovered to those who wished it. To create and to impart, these were the distinctive features of American higher education prior to the most recent, disorderly decades of the twentieth century. The successful institution of higher learning had never been one who
12、se mission could be defined in terms of providing vocational skills or as a strategy for resolving societal problems.Another purpose has now been assigned to the mission of American colleges and universities. Institutions of higher learningpublic or privatecommonly face the challenge of defining the
13、ir programs in such a way as to contribute to the service of the community.This service role has various applications. Most common are programs to meet the demands of regional employment markets, to provide opportunities for upward social and economic mobility, to achieve racial, ethnic, or social i
14、ntegration, or more generally to produce “productive“ as compared to “educated“ graduates. Regardless of its precise definition, the idea of a service-university has won acceptance within the academic community.One need only be reminded of the change in language describing the two-year college to ap
15、preciate the new value currently being attached to the concept of a service-related university. The traditional two-year college has shed its pejorative “junior“ college label and is generally called a “ community college“ , a clearly value-laden expression representing the latest commitment in high
16、er education. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “union card“ in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to the professors classroom duties. The idea of a coll
17、ege or university that performs a triple functioncommunicating knowledge to students, expanding the content of various disciplines, and interacting in a direct relationship with societyhas been the most important change in higher education in recent years.This novel development, however, is often ov
18、erlooked. Educators have always been familiar with those parts of the two-year college curriculum that have a “service“ or vocational orientation. It is important to know this. But some commentaries on American postsecondary education tend to underplay the impact of the attempt of colleges and unive
19、rsities to relate to, if not resolve, the problems of society. Whats worse, they obscure a fundamental question posed by the service-universitywhat is higher education supposed to do?21 According to the text, one of American colleges goals used to be_.（A）providing vocational skills（B） resolving soci
20、etal problems（C） producing “productive“ graduates（D）imparting knowledge to students22 Which of the following does NOT belong to the applications of the colleges novel role?（A）Producing “educated“ graduates.（B） Improving peoples social and economic status.（C） Cultivating “productive“ graduates.（D）Pro
21、moting employment.23 The change in language describing the two-year college is mentioned in paragraph 4 so as to_.（A）reveal the change of two-year college in status（B） indicate the valuation of a service-oriented university（C） show the advantage of a junior college over higher education（D）criticism
22、of the doctoral degree24 Judging from the context, the word “pejorative“(Line 3, Para. 4)most probably means_.（A）ambiguous（B） obscure（C） disapproving（D）uncommon25 The authors attitude toward the new concept of higher education is_.（A）negative（B） positive（C） impartial（D）neutral25 Shopping has always
23、been something of an impulsive activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that ou
24、r human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same tactics apply.Advertisers now place “ banners“ , links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs,
25、on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, well click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in the
26、ory, buy the products advertised.Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet bu
27、ying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits.The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodical
28、s, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that p
29、uts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry.With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumer
30、s are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the worldwide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulsiv
31、e activity whose whim has passed.26 In discussing online shopping, the text centers on_.（A）its characteristics and rise（B） its problems and their solutions（C） its development and future（D）its promoting strategy27 It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that_ .（A）Internet advertising has to be m
32、odified over time to remain effective（B） Internet users tend to see banners as annoyances（C） for all its current profits, Internet advertising will fade in the long run（D）magazine readers are liable to ignore advertisements in reading their favorite periodicals28 Judging from the context, the phrase
33、 “do the trick“(Line 2, Para. 5)most probably means .（A）accomplish the trick（B） attain their goal（C） turn fruitless（D）come true29 Which of the following does NOT belong to factors responsible for the uncertainty of Internet business?（A）the technological depression（B） consumers reduction in expenditu
34、re（C） the poor economic performance（D）the passing of impulsive activity30 The authors attitude toward online shopping is_.（A）conservative（B） positive（C） negative（D）objective30 The American economy is growing, according to the most recent statistics, at the high rate of 7% , and is in the middle of t
35、he largest peacetime expansion in American history. We read in the newspapers that practically everyone who wants a job can get one. Microsoft is running advertisements in the New York Times practically begging Congress to issue more visas for foreign computer and information technology workers.In t
36、his environment, it is shocking that one group of Americans, people with disabilities, have such a high level of unemployment: 30% are not employedthe same percentage as when the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. Not only did their employment and labor earnings fall during the recession of
37、 the early 1990s, but employment and earnings continued to fall during the long economic expansion that followed. Many of these people are skilled professionals who are highly marketable in todays economy. Part of the problem is discrimination, and part recent court rulings favoring employers in ADA
38、 lawsuits. Discrimination against people with disabilities is, unfortunately, alive and well, despite the legal prohibitions against discrimination in hiring people with disabilities. 79% of disabled people who are unemployed cite discrimination in the workplace and lack of transportation as major f
39、actors that prevent them from working; studies have also shown that people with disabilities who find jobs earn less than their co-workers, and are less likely to be promoted.Unfavorable court rulings have not been helpful, either. Research by law professor Ruth Colker of Ohio State University has s
40、hown that in the eight years after the ADA went into effect, employer-defendants prevailed in more than 93% of the cases decided by trial. Of the cases appealed, employers prevailed 84% of the time. Robert Burgdorf, Jr. , who helped draft the ADA, has written, “ legal analysis has proceeded quite a
41、way down the wrong road. “ Disability activists and other legal scholars point out that Congress intended the ADA as a national mandate for the ending of discrimination against people with disabilities. Instead, what has occurred, in the words of one writer, is that the courts “have narrowed the sco
42、pe of the law, redefined disability , raised the price of access to justice and generally deemed disability discrimination as not worthy of serious remedy. “But perhaps the greatest single problem is the federal government itself, where laws and regulations designed to help disabled people actually
43、provide an economic disincentive to work. As Sen. Edward Kennedy wrote, “the high unemployment rate among people receiving federal disability benefits is not because their federal benefits programs have front doors that are too big , but because they have back doors that are too small. “31 The adver
44、tisement made by Microsoft shows that_.（A）a great number of jobs have been created in the U. S.（B） foreign workers are favored over domestic workers（C） working visa is very hard to be issued to foreign workers（D）many domestic workers will lose their jobs to foreigners32 It can be inferred from the s
45、econd paragraph that_.（A）most people with disabilities in the U. S. are not employed（B） legislation for the disabled failed to help this group effectively（C） the earnings of the disabled fluctuate with economic situation（D）the disabled are not hired due largely to their inadequate skills33 Which of
46、the following is NOT mentioned as a cause to the problems of the disabled?（A）Not enough help from relatives in their transportation.（B） Prevailing discrimination in workplace against the disabled.（C） The ineffective system of the federal government.（D）The courts general favor in employers over the d
47、isabled.34 What underlies the courts rulings seems to be that_.（A）the courts have been bribed heavily by the rich employers（B） the courts think that the disabled should not go to work（C） the courts underestimate discrimination against the disabled（D）the courts are too busy with other lawsuits to car
48、e enough35 The last sentence “but because they have back doors that are too small “ probably means that_.（A）the government does not have a big back gate in its offices（B） the disabled often grow too dependent on the benefits to work（C） the disabled are trying to get their benefit through back doors（
49、D）the government is trying to stop the disabled from working35 Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes: emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire“ is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from exper
