1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 35 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal【C1 】 _an area. The size of the area is sufficient to
2、provide food for him, his【C2】_and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example,【C3】_up the best territory in the order of “first come, first【C4 】_.“ The late arrivals may acquire【C5 】_territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the【C6】_of the enemies of the species.【C7】_there
3、is really insufficient food or the danger is very great, the animal will not【C8】_. In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring.When there is conflict【C9 】_territory, animals will commonly use force, or a【C10】_of force, to decide which will stay and which will g
4、o. It is interesting to note, however, that animals seem to use【C11】_the minimum amount of force【C12 】_to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the【C13】_of those animals which are capable of doing each other great harm,【C14 】_is a system for the losing animal to show the winning a
5、nimals that he【C15】_to submit. When he shows this, the【C16】_normally stops fighting. Animals(especially birds), which can easily escape from conflict, seem to have【C17】_obstacle against killing, and equally no mechanism【C18】_submission. The losing bird simply flies away. However, if two doves are【C1
6、9 】_in a cage, and they start fighting, they will continue to fight until one kills the other. We all think of the dove as a symbol of peace and, in its natural habitat, it is peaceful. But the “peace“ mechanism does not【C20 】_in a cage.1 【C1 】（A）establishes（B） builds（C） founds（D）erects2 【C2 】（A）wif
7、e（B） mate（C） friend（D）neighbor3 【C3 】（A）split（B） break（C） cut（D）divide4 【C4 】（A）use（B） serve（C） served（D）used5 【C5 】（A）larger（B） better（C） smaller（D）worse6 【C6 】（A）caves（B） nests（C） residences（D）habitats7 【C7 】（A）But（B） If（C） Since（D）Because8 【C8 】（A）breed（B） produce（C） mate（D）compete9 【C9 】（A）for（B
8、） over（C） with（D）by10 【C10 】（A）practice（B） proof（C） show（D）comparison11 【C11 】（A）only（B） mostly（C） mainly（D）chiefly12 【C12 】（A）compulsory（B） essential（C） necessary（D）vital13 【C13 】（A）way（B） case（C） event（D）manner14 【C14 】（A）this（B） that（C） it（D）there15 【C15 】（A）wishes（B） considers（C） thinks（D）decide
9、s16 【C16 】（A）killer（B） loser（C） victor（D）successor17 【C17 】（A）any（B） some（C） every（D）no18 【C18 】（A）in（B） for（C） with（D）by19 【C19 】（A）placed（B） perched（C） deposited（D）stationed20 【C20 】（A）appear（B） continue（C） apply（D）functionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
10、 each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 For all his vaunted talents, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has never had much of a reputation as an economic forecaster. In fact, he shies away from making the precise-to-the-decimal-point predictions that many other economists thrive on.
11、Instead, he owes his success as a monetary policymaker to his ability to sniff out threats to the economy and manipulate interest rates to dampen the dangers he perceives.Now, those instincts are being put to the test. Many Fed watchers and some policymakers inside the central bank itself are beginn
12、ing to wonder whether Greenspan has lost his touch. Despite rising risks to the economy from a swooning stock market and soaring oil prices that could hamper growth, the Greenspan-led Federal Open Market Committee(FOMC)opted to leave interest rates unchanged on Sept. 24. But in a rare dissent, two o
13、f the Feds 12 _policymakers broke ranks and voted for a cut in rates Dallas Fed President Robert D. McTeer Jr. and central bank Governor Edward M. Gramlich.The move by McTeer, the Feds self-styled “Lonesome Dove“, was no surprise. But Gramlichs was. This was the first time that the monetary moderate
14、 had voted against the chairman since joining the Feds board in 1997. And it was the first public dissent by a governor since 1995.Despite the split vote, its too soon to count the maestro of monetary policy out. Greenspan had good reasons for not cutting interest rates now. And by acknowledging in
15、the statement issued after the meeting that the economy does indeed face risks, Greenspan left the door wide open to a rate reduction in the future. Indeed, former Fed Governor Lyle Gramley thinks chances are good that the central bank might even cut rates before its next scheduled meeting on Nov. 6
16、th, the day after congressional elections.So why didnt the traditionally risk-averse Greenspan cut rates now as insurance against the dangers dogging growth? For one thing, he still thinks the economy is in recovery mode. Consumer demand remains buoyant and has even been turbocharged recently by a n
17、ew wave of mortgage refinancing. Economists reckon that homeowners will extract some $ 100 billion in cash from their houses in the second half of this year. And despite all the corporate gloom, business spending has shown signs of picking up, though not anywhere near as strongly as the Fed would li
18、ke.Does that mean that further rate cuts are off the table? Hardly. Watch for Greenspan to try to time any rate reductions to when theyll have the most psychological pop on business and investor confidence. Thats surely no easy feat, but its one that Greenspan has shown himself capable of more than
19、once in the past. Dont be surprised if he surprises everyone again.21 Alan Greenspan owes his reputation much to_.（A）his successful predictions of economy（B） his timely handling of interest rates（C） his unusual economic policies（D）his unique sense of dangers22 It can be inferred from the passage tha
20、t_.（A）instincts most often misguide the monetary policies（B） Greenspan has lost his control of the central bank（C） consensus is often the case among Feds policymakers（D）Greenspan wouldnt tolerate such a dissent23 Gramleys remarks are mentioned to indicate that_.（A）Greenspan didnt rule out the possib
21、ility of a future rate reduction（B） Greenspans monetary policy may turn out to be a failure（C） Greenspans refusal to cut rates now was justified（D）Greenspan will definitely cut the rates before Nov. 624 From the fifth paragraph, we can learn that_.（A）economy is now well on its way to recovery（B） eco
22、nomists are uncertain about consumer demand（C） corporate performance is generally not encouraging（D）businesses have been investing the way the Fed hoped25 The author seems to regard Greenspans manipulation of interest rates with_.（A）disapproval（B） doubt（C） approval（D）admiration25 The component of th
23、e healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of the trust. The crucial time for its emergence is the first year of life. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants le
24、arn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept “sense of trust“ is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the childs satisfying experiences at this early
25、 age. Or, to say it another way, this psychological formulation serves to condense, summarize, and synthesize the most important underlying changes, which give meaning to the infants concrete and diversified experience.Trust can exist only in relation to something. Consequently, a sense of trust can
26、not develop until infants are old enough to be aware of objects and persons and to have some feeling that they are separate individuals. At about 3 months of age, babies are likely to smile, if somebody comes close and talks to them. This shows that they are aware of the approach of the other person
27、, that pleasurable sensations are aroused. If, however, the person moves too quickly or speaks too sharply, these babies may look and cry. They will not “trust“ the unusual situation but will have a feeling of uneasiness, of mistrust, instead.Experience connected with feeding are a prime source for
28、the development of trust. At around 4 months of age, a hungry baby will grow quiet and show signs of pleasure at the sound of an approaching footstep, anticipating(trusting)that he or she will be held and fed. This repeated experience of being hungry, seeing food, receiving food, and feeling relieve
29、d and comforted assures the baby that the world is a dependable place.Later experiences, starting at around 5 months of age, add another dimension to the sense of trust. Though endless repetitions of attempts to grasp for and hold objects, most babies are finally successful in controlling and adapti
30、ng their movements in such a way as to reach their goal. Through these and other feats of muscular coordination, babies are gradually able to trust their own bodies to do their bidding.Studies of mentally-ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest
31、 that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy. Similarly, it is a common finding of psychological
32、and social investigators that individuals diagnosed as “psychopathic personalities“ were so unloved in infancy that they have no reason to trust the human race and therefore, no feeling of responsibility toward their fellow human beings.26 What dose “this psychological formulation“(Paragraph 1)refer
33、 to?（A）Characteristic flavor.（B） Satisfying experiences.（C） Concrete and diversified experience.（D）Sense of trust.27 The author implies in the passage that_.（A）the sense of trust can grow independent of other manifestations of growth（B） infants can develop sense of trust just as they learn to recogn
34、ize people and objects（C） children who are usually satisfied can easily build the sense of trust than neglected ones（D）sense of trust can be developed since one baby is born28 Which of following statements is NOT true according to the development of a sense of trust?（A）A 3-month-old infant gets sens
35、e of trust from the pleasurable approach of a person.（B） The sense of trust of an infant comes greatly from the experience of being fed.（C） A 5-month-old infant can get the sense of trust in himself from their own ability to do things.（D）The endless repetitions of attempts to grasp for and hold obje
36、cts may frustrate the sense of self-trust of infants.29 What is the right cause of somebodys psychopathic personality?（A）Because they have been over loved and spoiled by their parents.（B） Because they have been bitterly ignored or abused in infancy.（C） Because they have not been trusted in infancy.（
37、D）Because they have got the most serious illnesses from their family. 30 The passage mainly tells us that_.（A）the sense of trust is the first part of healthy personality to be developed（B） the sense of trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality（C） trust can exist only
38、in relation to other stages of growth（D）individuals with psychopathic personalities were usually unloved in infancy and have no sense of trust30 We sometimes hear that essays are an old-fashioned form, that so-and-so is the “last essayist“, but the facts of the marketplace argue quite otherwise. Ess
39、ays of nearly any kind are so much easier than short stories for a writer to sell, so many more see print, its strange that though two fine anthologies(collections)remain that publish the years best stories, no comparable collection exists for essays. Such changes in the reading publics taste arent
40、always to the good, needless to say. The art of telling stories predated even cave painting, surely; and if we ever find ourselves living in caves again, it(with painting and drumming)will be the only art left, after movies, novels, photography, essays, biography, and all the rest have gone down the
41、 drain the art to build from.Essays, however, hang somewhere on a line between two sturdy poles: this is what I think, and this is what I am. Autobiographies which arent novels are generally extended essays, indeed. A personal essay is like the human voice talking, its order being the minds natural
42、flow, instead of a systematized outline of ideas. Though more changeable or informal than an article or treatise, somewhere it contains a point which is its real center, even if the point couldnt be uttered in fewer words than the essayist has used. Essays dont usually boil down to a summary, as art
43、icles do, and the style of the writer has a “nap“ to it, a combination of personality and originality and energetic loose ends that stand up like the nap(绒毛)on a piece of wool and cant be brushed flat. Essays belong to the animal kingdom, with a surface that generates sparks, like a coat of fur, com
44、pared with the flat, conventional cotton of the magazine article writer, who works in the vegetable kingdom, instead. But, essays, on the other hand, may have fewer “levels“ than fiction, because we are not supposed to argue much about their meaning. In the old distinction between teaching and story
45、telling, the essayist, however cleverly he tries to conceal his intentions, is a bit of a teacher or reformer, and an essay is intended to convey the same point to each of us.An essayist doesnt have to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth, he can shape or shave his memories, as long as the
46、 purpose is served of explaining a truthful point. A personal essay frequently is not autobiographical at all, but what it does keep in common with autobiography is that, through its tone and tumbling progression, it conveys the quality of the authors mind. Nothing gets in the way. Because essays ar
47、e directly concerned with the mind and the minds peculiarity, the very freedom the mind possesses is conferred on this branch of literature that does honor to it, and the fascination of the mind is the fascination of the essay.31 According to the passage the changes in readers taste_.（A）contribute t
48、o the incompatibility of essays with stories（B） often result in unfavorable effect, to say the least（C） sometimes come to something undesirable, of course（D）usually bring about beneficial outcome, so to say32 The author suggests that if the Stone Age should come up again_.（A）the art of essay-writing
49、 would lose its foundation（B） the art and literature would most totally vanish（C） the art of story-telling would remain in caves alone（D）the life of art would be thoroughly drained away33 Essays are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT_.（A）careful arrangement and organization of chief ideas（B） remarkable concision and meaningful presentation（C） improbable condensation to any shorter a
