1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 36 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are able to【C1 】_. to think in abstract
2、terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless,【C2】_world is an insecure world. We do not like extensive insecurity. When it【C3】_to human behavior we infer meaning and【C4】_to make the behavior understandable.【C5 】_all this means is that people develop “quasi theories“ of human behavior, that is, the
3、ories that are not developed in a(an) 【C6】_, scientific manner. When doing so, people believe they know【C7】_humans do the things they do.Lets consider an example. In the United States people have been【C8】_with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourse
4、lves could be victims. But it【C9】_bothers us that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen? We develop quasi theories. We【C10】_concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we【C11 】_it: our criminal justice system is【C12】_; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our m
5、oral values weaken【C13】_the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are【C14】_drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions.【C15】_the courts; put more people in jail as examples to other lawbreaker. There is now hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we【C16 】_these solutions.
6、 Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor【C17】_so threatening. These quasi theories【C18】_serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they? How【C19】_will the suggested solutions be? These questions must be answered with【C20】_to how people normally go about developing or attainin
7、g their quasi theories of human behavior.1 【C1 】（A）reason（B） consider（C） understand（D）regard2 【C2 】（A）unbelievable（B） unimaginable（C） unpredictable（D）unfortunate3 【C3 】（A）goes（B） comes（C） makes（D）concerns4 【C4 】（A）explanations（B） motives（C） conclusions（D）consequences5 【C5 】（A）That（B） How（C） As（D）Wha
8、t6 【C6 】（A）objective（B） subjective（C） theoretic（D）conclusive7 【C7 】（A）how（B） why（C） whether（D）when8 【C8 】（A）worried（B） disturbed（C） bothered（D）concerned9 【C9 】（A）also（B） even（C） yet（D）still10 【C10 】（A）retain（B） remain（C） maintain（D）refrain11 【C11 】（A）know（B） comprehend（C） understand（D）grasp12 【C12 】
9、（A）precautious（B） inadequate（C） deficient（D）destructive13 【C13 】（A）by（B） as（C） from（D）for14 【C14 】（A）for（B） on（C） against（D）with15 【C15 】（A）Consolidate（B） Soften（C） Confirm（D）Strengthen16 【C16 】（A）acton（B） workout（C） see to（D）setup17 【C17 】（A）rather（B） very（C） much（D）quite18 【C18 】（A）moreover（B） the
10、refore（C） nevertheless（D）otherwise19 【C19 】（A）effective（B） efficient（C） sufficient（D）capable20 【C20 】（A）respect（B） relation（C） result（D）associationPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Americas economic recovery
11、remains uncomfortably weak. The latest data show industrial production falling while the trade deficit soars to record levels. To round off a dismal week for economic statistics, the Fed(美联储)announced that industrial production fell by 0.2% in December compared with the previous month. That came as
12、a disappointment to economists who had been expecting a small rise. Monthly data are always unreliable, of course; there is always a plausible explanation for unexpectedly bad(or good)news. But nearly all recent economic statistics point to the same conclusion that Americas recovery remains sluggish
13、 and erratic. It could put pressure on the Fed to consider cutting interest rates again when its policymaking committee meets at the end of the month.The biggest obstacle to healthier economic performance, though, is political. As the Feds chairman, Alan Greenspan, acknowledged in the closing months
14、 of 2002, uncertainty about the future is holding both investors and consumers back. The shadowy threat of international terrorism and the much more explicit prospect of a war with Iraq have made many Americans nervous about the future. For businesses still reeling from the speed at which the late-1
15、990s boom turned to slump, the political climate is one more reason to put off investing in new plant and equipment or hiring new staff. For consumers, for so long the mainstay of the American economy, the thrill of the shopping mall seems, finally, to be on the wane.It is hard to put a favorable in
16、terpretation on most of the data. But it is important to keep a sense of perspective. Some recent figures look disappointing partly because they fall short of over-optimistic forecasts a persistent weakness of those paid to predict the economic future, no matter how often they are proved wrong. The
17、Fed will be watching carefully for further signs of weakness during the rest of the month. Mr. Greenspan is an avid, even obsessive, consumer of economic data. He has made it clear that the Fed stands ready to reduce interest rates again if it judges it necessary even after 12 cuts in the past two y
18、ears. At its last meeting, though, when it kept rates on hold, the Fed signaled that it did not expect to need to reduce rates any further.Monetary policy still offers the best short-term policy response to weak economic activity, and with the low inflation the Fed still has scope for further relaxa
19、tion. The former President Bushs much-vaunted fiscal stimulus is unlikely to provide appropriate help, and certainly not in a timely way.21 Which of the following best describes the Americas economic situation?（A）It is recovering.（B） It faces an uncertain future.（C） It remains depressing.（D）It shows
20、 unreliable signs.22 What does the figure 0.2% in Paragraph 1 indicate?（A）Americas economic recovery is still shaky.（B） Economists are disappointed at the future economy.（C） It is a bad sign for Americas economic recovery.（D）The biggest obstacle to healthier economic performance is political.23 What
21、 factor makes investors put off investing in new plant and equipment?（A）The sluggish economic situation.（B） The direct threat of international terrorism.（C） The possibility of a war with Iraq.（D）Investors shortage of capital.24 What is the authors attitude toward some recent figures mentioned in Par
22、agraph 3?（A）Optimistic.（B） Skeptical.（C） Worrisome.（D）Critical.25 How does monetary policy offer help for weak economic activity?（A）It can stimulate investment in new plant and equipment.（B） It can reduce interest rates so as to stimulate weak economic activity.（C） The Fed tries to keep inflation lo
23、w.（D）The former President Bush can offer appropriate monetary policy.25 Nearly four years ago, a web-based political movement set itself the modest task of “closing the gap between the world we have and the world most people everywhere want“. Calling their group Avaaz, which means “voice“ in several
24、 languages, the founders aimed to reproduce globally some of the success which their predecessors like Americas Moveon.org, and Australias Getup! had enjoyed in national political fields.By its own lights, the movement, using 14 languages and engaged in an astounding list of causes, has had some spe
25、ctacular successes. Within the next few months, membership will top 6m. The number of individual actions taken is estimated at over 23m. Among the recent developments Avaaz claims to have influenced are a new anti-corruption law in Brazil; a move by Britain to create a marine-conservation zone in th
26、e Indian Ocean; and the spiking of a proposal to allow more hunting of whales.But is there any objective measure by which the reach of a global e-protest movement can be assessed? Sceptics use words like “clicktavism“ to describe political action that demands nothing more of a protester than pressin
27、g a button, which may just imply curiosity; and it is rarely possible to prove beyond doubt that e-campaigning is a decisive factor in a political outcome.On the other hand, argues Ricken Patel, a co-founder of Avaaz, digital activism rarely ends with the click of a mouse. Avaazs campaign against th
28、e death sentence for adultery imposed on an Iranian woman asks members to phone Iranian embassies(and provides numbers); members are also being urged to put pressure on the leaders of Brazil and Turkey to intercede with Iran. Avaaz is collecting funds for a campaign in the Brazilian and Turkish pres
29、s, too.Avaazs other demands range from the simple close Guantanamo, because it plays into the hands of Osama Bin Laden to the very broad: fight climate change, avoid a clash of civilisations. Despite the risk of foggy signals, the variety of causes is also a strength, says Dave Karpf, an American an
30、alyst of the net; it allows the group to act as a hub, attracting members to one campaign and telling them about others. As Evgeny Morozov, a writer on the Internet points out, Avaaz has lost whatever monopoly it had over the creation of instant, cross-border lobbies; you can do that on Facebook. Bu
31、t the way Avaaz bunches unlikely causes together may be an asset in a world where campaigns, like race and class, can still segregate people, not reconcile them.26 In the beginning we know that_.（A）A political website has been built four years ago（B） National politics have been quite enjoyable（C） So
32、me political campaigns had achieved a lot（D）Voices in 14 languages has been well aimed27 Which of the following does NOT show Avaazs influences?（A）Indian government finally agrees to take action in Indian Ocean.（B） Whale killing is likely to be reduced in some parts of the world.（C） Brazilian author
33、ities have stood up against widespread corruption.（D）A sealife conservation plan is soon to be carried out in reality.28 According to the passage, members of Avaaz are encouraged to_.（A）equip a protesting button on the phone（B） exert great pressure on political leaders（C） abolish death penalty on fo
34、reign females（D）participate in the Brazilian campaign alone29 According to Dave Karpf, one characteristics with Avaaz is_.（A）Its cross-border designs（B） Its monopolized actions（C） Its various unlikely causes（D）Its diversity of targets30 This passage is primarily written to_.（A）introduce a new trend
35、of political campaign（B） report a fashionable output of technology（C） discuss how politics may dominate our life（D）warn people of the dangers politics may bring30 The idea of ownership is everywhere. Title deeds establish and protect ownership of our houses, while security of property is as importan
36、t to the proprietors of Tesco and Sainsburys as it is to their customers. However, there is a profound problem when it comes to so-called intellectual property(IP) which requires a strong lead from government, and for which independent advice has never been more urgently required.The myth is that IP
37、 rights are as important as our rights in castles, cars and corn oil. IP is supposedly intended to encourage inventors and the investment needed to bring their products to the clinic and marketplace. In reality, patents often suppress invention rather than promote it: drugs are “evergreened“ when pa
38、tents are on the verge of running out companies buy up the patents of potential rivals in order to prevent them being turned into products. Moreover, the prices charged, especially for pharmaceuticals, are often grossly in excess of those required to cover costs and make reasonable profits.IP rights
39、 are beginning to penetrate into every area of scientific endeavour. Even in universities, science and innovation, which have already been paid for out of the public purse, are privatised and resold to the public via patents acquired by commercial interests. The drive to commercialise science has ov
40、ertaken not only applied research but also “blue-skies“ research, such that even the pure quest for knowledge is deteriorated by the need for profit.The fruits of science and innovation have nourished our society and economy for years, but nations unable to navigate our regulatory system are often e
41、xcluded, as are vulnerable individuals. We need to consider how to balance the needs of science as an industry with the difficulty of those who desperately need the products of science.Clearly it is vitally important that we continue to protect science and enable it to flourish. Science and the many
42、 benefits that science has produced have played a crucial part in our history and produced vast improvements to human welfare. It would be negligent of us if we failed to recognise the importance of science as an industry and investment in research to national and regional economic development; but
43、against these economic concerns an overriding consideration must be the interests of the public and of humanity present and future. Science as an industry may be booming, but the benefits of science need to be more efficiently and more cheaply placed in the service of the public.For science to conti
44、nue to flourish, it is necessary that the knowledge it generates be made freely and widely available. IP rights have the tendency to block access to knowledge and the free exchange of ideas that is essential to science. So, far from stimulating innovation and the dissemination of the benefits of sci
45、ence, IP all too often hampers scientific progress and restricts access to its products.31 In the first paragraph, intellectual property is described as_.（A）being important to customers（B） protecting property safety（C） being government-guided（D）demanding government advice32 It can be learned from th
46、e text that patents are sometimes purchased to_.（A）attract more investment from all shareholders（B） make the cost of certain drugs lower than usual（C） expand markets in this highly competitive era（D）keep them from being put into actual production33 According to the author, scientific research is com
47、mercialised due to_.（A）profit-making desire（B） innovative demand（C） basic human need（D）public policy pressure34 Which of the following is TRUE except_?（A）the importance of science can not be forgotten nowadays.（B） public welfare should be the first concern of scientific studies.（C） IP is proven to b
48、e in the way of knowledge communication.（D）the role science plays now tends to be more efficient than before.35 The authors attitude towards IP seems to be_.（A）concerned（B） critical（C） biased（D）neutral35 The remarkable progress of science and technology in the 20th century has brought enormous benef
49、its to humankind. Long and healthy lives, economic prosperity and a pleasant and convenient living environment have resulted from technological progress based on advances in scientific knowledge. This progress will continue or may even accelerate in the future, because both the number of scientists and their activities are expanding throughout the world. We may expect, therefore, that science and technology wil
