1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 37 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a born qualit
2、y【C1】_our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a central figure towards whom people are【C2】_. Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all,【C3 】_being seen. There is a type of authority which can be【C4】_from behind closed doors, but that is not leadership.【C5 】_there is movement a
3、nd action, the true leader is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the【C6】_for anecdotes, whether true or【C7】_. One of the simplest devices is to be absent【C8】_the occasion when the leader might be【C9】_to be there, enough in itself to start a ru
4、mor about the vital business【C10 】_has detained him. To【C11】_up for this, he can appeal when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display【C12】_things which other folks might 【C13】_as trivial. With this gift for【C14】_curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance
5、to talk about himself. His interest is【C15】_in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then remembers all【C16】_is relevant. He never leaves a party【C17 】_he has mentally formed a minimum dossier(档案)on【C18 】_present, ensuring that he knows【C19】_to say when he meets them again.
6、 He is not artificially extrovert but he would usually rather listen【C20】_talk. Others realize gradually that his importance needs no proof.1 【C1 】（A）in（B） beyond（C） under（D）of2 【C2 】（A）dragged（B） united（C） drawn（D）underlined3 【C3 】（A）at（B） in（C） about（D）on4 【C4 】（A）looked（B） recognized（C） exercised
7、（D）respected5 【C5 】（A）Where（B） Though（C） Because（D）When6 【C6 】（A）role（B） subject（C） joke（D）supplement7 【C7 】（A）incorrect（B） wrong（C）假（D）bad8 【C8 】（A）in（B） on（C） at（D）under9 【C9 】（A）refused（B） suspected（C） expired（D）expected10 【C10 】（A）which（B） when（C） what（D）where11 【C11 】（A）take（B） make（C） come（D）g
8、ive12 【C12 】（A）on（B） in（C） about（D）at13 【C13 】（A）look（B） think（C） view（D）deal14 【C14 】（A）decreasing（B） possessing（C） inspiring（D）urging15 【C15 】（A）directly（B） obscurely（C） scarcely（D）plainly16 【C16 】（A）which（B） that（C） what（D）as17 【C17 】（A）after（B） when（C） until（D）before18 【C18 】（A）someone（B） everyo
9、ne（C） men（D）one19 【C19 】（A）when（B） where（C） which（D）what20 【C20 】（A）and（B） or（C） than（D）butPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Scholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and theolog
10、y, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Scholastic movement, the academic practice in Europe from the 9th to the 17th centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was not to discover new facts but t
11、o integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Greek reasoning and Christian revelation. This concern is one of the most characteristic differences between Scholasticism and modern thought since the Renaissance.The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, the most
12、important of which was their conviction of the fundamental harmony between reason and revelation. The Scholastics maintained that because the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of speaking. A
13、ny apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be traced either to an incorrect use of reason or to an inaccurate interpretation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of truth and
14、 certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts between religious faith and philosophic reasoning, faith was thus always the supreme arbiter; the theologians decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence of phi
15、losophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Scholastic period, philosophy was called the servant of theology, not only because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation.This attitu
16、de of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called double-truth theory of the Spanish-Arab philosopher and physician Averroes. His theory assumed that truth was accessible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called truths of t
17、heology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions for the common people of the authentic truth accessible only to philosophy. Averroes maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally, the teachings of Islamic theology.As a result of their belief in the harmony be
18、tween faith and reason, the Scholastics attempted to determine the precise scope and competence of each of these faculties. Many early Scholastics, such as the Italian ecclesiastic and philosopher St. Anselm, did not clearly distinguish the two and were overconfident that reason could prove certain
19、doctrines of revelation. Later, at the height of the mature period of Scholasticism, the Italian theologian and philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas worked out a balance between reason and revelation.21 With the Scholastics, the search for new knowledge_.（A）stopped completely（B） slowed down（C） advanced ra
20、pidly（D）awaked gradually22 Which of the following best illustrates the relation between reason and revelation?（A）They are simply identical.（B） Revelation guides reason.（C） They are occasionally contradictory.（D）Reason is used to perfect revelation.23 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.（A）the
21、position of philosophy as a humble servant was accepted（B） religion had turned into a hamper to the functioning of philosophy（C） philosophers often quoted revelation to support themselves（D）philosophers were sometimes referred to in religious practice24 According to the passage, Averroes held that_.
22、（A）Islamic theology was often subordinate to philosophy（B） religious truth was nothing but imaginative fantasy（C） real truth was inaccessible to many common people（D）imperfect expressions were result of flawed religion25 Which of the following is most likely to be discussed in the part succeeding th
23、e passage?（A）Relations of St. T. Aquinas achievements to previous efforts.（B） How St. T. Aquinas worked out in the balance in discussion.（C） Other endeavors on the relationship of reason and revelation.（D）Outstanding features of the mature period of Scholasticism.25 Global energy demand is expected
24、to triple by mid-century. The earth is unlikely to run out of fossil fuels by then, given its vast reserves of coal, but it seems unthinkable that we will continue to use them as we do now. Its not just a question of supply and price, or even of the disease caused by filthy air. The terrorist assaul
25、t on the World Trade Center raises other scary scenarios: how much easier would it be to crack open the Trans-Alaska pipeline and how much deadlier would it be to bomb a nuclear plant than to attack a wind farm?Skeptics may recall the burst of enthusiasm for conservation and renewable power when oil
26、 prices quadrupled in the 1970s. State-funded energy research and development surged, while tax incentives boosted solar, wind and other alternatives to petroleum and the atom. But when oil supplies loosened and prices dropped in the early 1990s, governments lost interest. In the state of California
27、, subsidies evaporated, pushing wind companies into bankruptcy.Clean energy has long way to go. Only 2.2% of the worlds energy comes from “new“ renewables such as small hydroelectric dams, wind, solar and geothermal. How to boost that share and at what pace is debated in industrialized nations from
28、Japan, which imports 99.7 % of its oil, to Germany, where the nearby Chernobyl accident turned the public against nuclear plants, to the U.S., where the Bush Administration has strong ties to the oil industry. But the momentum toward clean renewables is undeniable. How soon we reach an era of clean,
29、 inexhaustible energy depends on technology. Solar and wind energies are intermittent: When the sky is cloudy or the breeze dies down, fossil fuel or nuclear plants must kick into compensate. But scientists are working on better ways to store electricity from renewable sources.While developed nation
30、s debate how to fuel their power plants, however, some 1.6 billion people a quarter of the globes population have no access to electricity or gasoline. Many spend their days collecting firewood and cow dung, burning it in primitive stoves that belch smoke into their lungs. To emerge from poverty, th
31、ey need modern energy. And renewables can help. From village-scale hydropower to household photovoltaic systems to bio-gas stoves that convert dung into fuel.Ultimately, the earth can meet its energy needs without fouling the environment. “But it wont happen,“ asserts Thomas Johansson, an energy adv
32、iser to the United Nations Development Program, “without political will.“ To begin with, widespread government subsidies for fossil fuels and nuclear energy must be dismantled to level the playing field for renewables. Moreover, government should pressure utility to meet targets for renewable source
33、s of energy.26 The authors biggest worry about using nuclear energy is that_.（A）it will do great harm to the inadequate reserves of coal（B） it is deadly if terrorists attack a nuclear plant（C） it will limit the development of many other alternatives（D）there will be a wider gap between developed and
34、developing countries27 The renewable energy research lost support from governments in the early 1990s because_.（A）skeptics were becoming doubtful about the efficiency of renewables（B） renewables could not meet the increasing energy needs of the society（C） it was much easier and cheaper to use oil th
35、an before（D）the investment into the field was not worth its value28 Which one of the following applies to the use of renewables in developed nations?（A）The more developed a nation is, the higher the proportion of renewables being used.（B） Developed nations are experiencing a fierce energy revolution
36、.（C） Developed nations ties with the oil industry are becoming tense.（D）Developed nations havent reached a consensus about using more renewables.29 From the passage, we can conclude that_.（A）it will be impossible for wind and solar energy to completely replace fossil fuels（B） high technology plays a
37、 vital role in the trend toward clean energy（C） the development of a nation will inevitably pollute the environment（D）poor areas are badly polluted and are in high need of renewable energy30 The authors purpose of writing this passage is to_.（A）urge the governments to take effective measures（B） illu
38、strate the urgent demand of clean energy（C） encourage developed nations to set up an example in the energy revolution（D）elaborate the difficulties in the use of clean energy30 The United States in the 1990s has had seven years of economic boom with low unemployment, low inflation, and low government
39、 deficit. Amid all of this good news, inequality has increased and wages have barely risen. Common sense knowledge seems to be right in this instance, that is, the rich get richer, the poor get poorer, and the middle class is shrinking. Though President Clinton boasts that the number of people on we
40、lfare has decreased significantly under his regime to 8 million, a 44% decline from 1994, he forgets that there are still 36.5 million poor people in the United States, which is only a 2% decline in the same amount of time. How is it possible that we have increasing inequality during economic prospe
41、rity?This contradiction is not easily explained by the dominant neoclassical economic discourse of our time. Nor is it resolved by neoconservative social policy. More helpful is the one book under review: James K. Galbraiths Created Unequal, a Keynesian analysis of increasing wage inequality.James K
42、. Galbraith provides a multicausal analysis that blames the current free market monetary policy for the increasing wage inequality. He calls for a rebellion in economic analysis and policy and for a reapplication of Keynesian macroeconomics to solve the problem. In Created Unequal, Galbraith success
43、fully debunks the conservative contention that wage inequality is necessary because the new skill-based technological innovation requires educated workers who are in short supply. For Galbraith, this is a fantasy. He also critiques their two other assertions: first, that global competition requires
44、an increase in inequality and that the maintenance of inequality is necessary to fight inflation. He points to transfer payments that are mediated by the state: payment to the poor in the form of welfare is minor relative to payment to the elderly in the form of social security or to the rich in the
45、 form of interest on public and private debt.Galbraith minimizes the social indicators of race, gender, and class and tells us that these are not important in understanding wage inequality. What is important is Keynesian macroeconomics. To make this point, he introduces a sectoral analysis of the ec
46、onomy. Here knowledge is dominant(the K-sector)and the producers of consumption goods(the C-sector)are in decline. The third sector is large and low paid(the S-sector). The K-sector controls the new technologies and wields monopoly power. Both wages and profit decline in the other two sectors. As a
47、result of monopoly, power inequality increases.31 The author accuses President Clinton of_.（A）being too optimistic about the economic prosperity（B） lying about the economic situation to the public（C） increasing the number of people on welfare（D）being reluctant to raise the salary of the average peop
48、le32 According to the passage, Galbraiths book_.（A）is devoted to analyzing why economic boom usually goes with wage inequality（B） reviews the dominant neoclassical economic discourse of our time（C） recommend resolving the present problem by neoconservative social policy（D）attributes the present incr
49、easing wage inequality to several factors33 According to the conservative theory, wage inequality is necessary because_.（A）it is a condition created by the labor market（B） there is an overall decline in the worlds economy（C） technological innovation has not produced the desired result（D）the number of people on welfare has decreased34 To which of the following statements would Galbraith agree?（A）The new skill-based technolog
