1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 39 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees.【C1】_the minerals and oil used to m
2、ake plastics and metals, trees are【 C2】_Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded.【C3】_45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests
3、 and plantations. By world standards this is a good【C4 】_since the world-wide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and【C5】_schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have【C6】_even great
4、er utilization of used fibre.【C7】_. industrys use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.Already, waste paper【C8】_70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology【C9】_to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled
5、【C10】_in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also【C11】_. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products;【C12】_stationery may be less white and【C13】_a rougher texture. There also needs to be【C14】_from the community for waste paper collect
6、ion programs. Not only do we need to make the paper【 C15】_to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous【C16】_.There are technical【C17】_to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some
7、 paper products cannot be collected for reuse. These include paper【 C18】_books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common【C19】_of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amount of packaging material【C20】_goods
8、are delivered, also offices which have unwared documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.1 【C1 】（A）Despite（B） Unlike（C） W
9、ith（D）Even2 【C2 】（A）replaceable（B） removable（C） respectable（D）responsible3 【C3 】（A）While（B） When（C） If（D）Because4 【C4 】（A）function（B） quality（C） consequence（D）performance5 【C5 】（A）tidying（B） classifying（C） placing（D）selecting6 【C6 】（A）given rise to（B） thrown light on（C） paved the way for（D）made use
10、of7 【C7 】（A）As a result（B） In the end（C） All in all（D）In conclusion8 【C8 】（A）consumes（B） consults（C） constructs（D）constitutes9 【C9 】（A）inquired（B） required（C） resorted（D）indicated10 【C10 】（A）contest（B） contact（C） content（D）contend11 【C11 】（A）contribute（B） pay（C） award（D）reward12 【C12 】（A）such as（B）
11、just as（C） other than（D）for example13 【C13 】（A）by（B） in（C） of（D）for14 【C14 】（A）encouraged（B） supported（C） defended（D）bred15 【C15 】（A）available（B） compatible（C） durable（D）negligible16 【C16 】（A）compounds（B） compositions（C） mixtures（D）items17 【C17 】（A）requests（B） needs（C） limitations（D）problems18 【C18
12、】（A）in the form of（B） in the light of（C） in the case of（D）in the name of19 【C19 】（A）materials（B） resources（C） substances（D）sources20 【C20 】（A）to which（B） in which（C） by which（D）through whichPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D
13、. (40 points)20 Anyone who doubts that global financial markets control national economies need only look at the crisis facing the “tigers“ of the Far East. Last year, the value of their currencies dropped rapidly, after investors decided that their economic policies were not strong enough; now the
14、region is suffering slower growth, lower living standards and rising unemployment.The situation in Asia shows how power has shifted from individual governments to the markets. In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies; in practice, they must conform to a global economic mode
15、l or risk being penalized by the markets.Adjusting to this new “economic order“ is proving difficult. In the developed world, and in particular the European Union, globalization is facing widespread public resistance. Critics complain that, without the protection of trade barriers, jobs are being lo
16、st to workers in poorer countries, and wages for employees in rich countries are falling. Opponents in the European Union point to the effects that globalization has had in the U.S. and Britain. In those countries, wages are stagnant except for a few privileged and taxes and welfare benefits have be
17、en reduced to help companies compete with industries in the developing world.Those in favor of globalization accuse their critics of being shortsighted protectionists. They claim that a more integrated global economy will ultimately benefit everyone because it will enable countries to specialize in
18、those areas where they perform best. Developing countries, with their higher populations and lower wages, will concentrate on labor-intensive industries. The richer countries, on the other hand, will diversify into high-tech industries, where high productivity and specialist knowledge are paramount.
19、 The effect of this will be to improve productivity in all countries, leading to higher living standards. The free movement of capital will also help poorer countries develop so that they can play a full and active role in the world economy.But how close are we to a truly global economy? For those i
20、n favor of globalization, probably too close. But in terms of real economic integration, there are still many problems to be solved. A global economy would mean complete freedom of movement of goods and services, capital, and labor. Yet, even ignoring the tariffs and other restrictions still in plac
21、e, cross-border trade remains tiny as compared with the volume of goods and services traded within countries; foreign investment is also extremely small, amounting to little more than five percent of the developed worlds domestic investments.But what is really holding globalization back is the lack
22、of labor mobility. Labor markets remain overwhelmingly national, even in areas like the European Union, where citizens can live and work in any EU country. The main reasons for this are language and cultural barriers; the lack of internationally recognized qualifications; and, in some cases, strict
23、immigration controls.21 The main reason why some Asian countries are suffering from economic depression is that they_.（A）doubt that global financial markets will control national economies（B） fail to follow a global economic model adequately（C） have set their own free economic policies（D）have their
24、power interfere with the markets22 The main opposition to globalization is that_.（A）taxes and welfare in the developed countries are reduced without protection of trade barriers（B） there are too great economic differences between rich and poor countries（C） globalization is beneficial to the developi
25、ng countries only（D）high productivity and specialist knowledge are not suitable to labor-intensive industries23 What does the sentence “wages are stagnant“(Paragraph 3)most probably mean?（A）Wages stop rising.（B） Wages are so high that there is no need to rise.（C） There is a pause in wages, but they
26、will soon rise.（D）Wages begin to fall.24 The word “paramount“(Paragraph 4)may be replaced by_.（A）vital（B） more important（C） less important（D）similar25 The author suggests in the passage that in order to realize a truly global economy, great efforts should be made in all the following aspects EXCEPT_
27、.（A）elimination of language and cultural barriers（B） permission of free labor mobility（C） increase in the volume of goods and services traded beyond border（D）reduction of tariffs and loosening of other restrictions25 Male chauvinism the attitude that women are the passive and inferior servants of so
28、ciety and of men sets women apart from the rest of the working class. Even when they do the same work as men, women are not considered workers in the same sense, with the need and right to work to provide for their families or to support themselves independently. They are expected to accept work at
29、lower wages and without job security. Thus they can be used as a marginal or reserve labor force when profits depend on extra low costs or when men are needed for war.Women are not supposed to be independent, so they are not supposed to have any “right to work“. This means, in effect, that although
30、they do work, they are denied the right to organize and fight for better wages and conditions. Thus the role of women in the labor force undermines the struggles of male workers as well. The boss can break a union drive by threatening to hire lower paid women or blacks. In many cases, where women ar
31、e organized, the union contract reinforces their inferior position, making women the least loyal and militant union members.(Standard Oil workers in San Francisco recently paid the price of male supremacy. Women at Standard Oil have the least chance for advancement and decent pay, and the union has
32、done little to fight this. Not surprisingly, women formed the core of the back to work move that eventually broke the strike.)In general, because women are defined as docile, helpless, and inferior, they are forced into the most demeaning and mind rotting jobs from scrubbing floors to filing cards u
33、nder the most oppressive conditions where they are treated like children or slaves. Their very position reinforces the idea, even among the women themselves, that they are fit for and should be satisfied with this kind of work.Apart from the direct, material exploitation of women, male supremacy act
34、s in more subtle ways to undermine class consciousness. The tendency of male workers to think of themselves primarily as men(i.e., powerful)rather than as workers(i.e., members of an oppressed group)promotes a false sense of privilege and power, and an identification with the world of men, including
35、 the boss. The petty dictatorship which most men exercise over their wives and families enables them to vent their anger and frustration in a way which poses no challenge to the system. The role of the man in the family reinforces aggressive individualism, authoritarianism, and a hierarchical view o
36、f social relations values which are fundamental to the perpetuation(不朽)of capitalism. In this system we are taught to relieve our fears and frustrations by brutalizing those weaker than we are: a man in uniform turns into a pig; the foreman intimidates the man on the line; the husband beats his wife
37、, child, and dog.26 Unfair working status of women also produces negative effects on men in that_.（A）men face the threat of being replaced by low wage women（B） men have to deal with womens complaints all the time（C） womens low income often irritate their husbands（D）womens inferior working condition
38、worries their husbands27 The failure of the strike of Standard Oil workers shows that_.（A）when women are involved, strikes are bound to fail（B） passive women involvement in strikes makes success unlikely（C） women are not often firm enough in organized strikes（D）most women are loyal and militant memb
39、ers of work unions28 Many women also think they deserve oppressive jobs because_.（A）they are taught by society to believe so（B） their husbands do not expect them to have better jobs（C） their poor conditions strengthen their mental acceptance（D）they gradually begin to love those jobs they do29 It can
40、 be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（A）male workers are often treated as men instead of workers in companies（B） males anger and frustration are posing serious threat to our present system（C） it is quite natural for males to beat their wives, children and dogs for no reason（D）males dominating
41、role in families eventually helps the stability of capitalist system30 The best title for this passage might be_.（A）Men and Women in Capitalism（B） The Effects of Mens Supremacy on Women（C） Dictatorship and Women Strike（D）Womens Role in Work Union Successes30 It is hard to predict how science is goin
42、g to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising
43、 and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its
44、way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significan
45、t contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions
46、are, and how far they are from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of t
47、he tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness; to be sure, there may well be questions w
48、e cant think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.31 The author claims that good science_.（A）defies prediction（B） sh
49、ould study the unknown（C） should discover scientific truth（D）should offer choices rather than prescribe32 It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century_.（A）thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science（B） were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research（C） knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature（D）did more harm than
