1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 45 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still often【C1】_the headlines on newspapers, magazines and the airwaves. Nearly 23m Americans
2、 watched Prince William being joined in holy marriage to Kate Middleton. Millions more have【C2】_in the break-up of Arnold Schwarzeneggers marriage after revelations that he fathered a son with a maid.Less【C3】_are revelations about the sorry state of marriage across the United States. Data from the C
3、ensus Bureau show that married couples, for the first time, now make up 【C4】_than half(45%)of all households.The【C5 】_American family, with mom, dad and kids under one roof, is【C6】_. In every state the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households are growing faster
4、 than【C7】_comprised of married people with children, finds the 2010【C8】_. The latter accounted【C9】_43% of households in 1950, but now just 20%. And the trend has a distinct【C10】_dimension.Traditional marriage has【C11】_from a universal rite to a luxury for the educated and the【C12】_.There【C13】_was a
5、marriage gap in 1960: only four percentage points separated the wedded ways of college and high-school graduates(76% versus 72%). The gap has since【C14 】_to 16 percentage points, according to the Pew Research Centre. A Census Bureau analysis released this spring found that brides are significantly m
6、ore【C15 】_to have a college degree than they were in the mid-1990s.“ Marriage has become much more【C16 】_, and thats why the divorce rate has come down,“ said Bradford Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The project found that divorce r
7、ates for couples with college degrees are only a third as high as for those with a high-school degree.“ Less marriage means less income and more poverty,“ reckons Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. She and other researchers have【C17】_as much as half of the inequality of we
8、alth【C18】_in America to changes in family【 C19】_: single-parent families(mostly those with a high-school degree or less)are getting poorer while married couples(with educations and dual incomes)are increasingly【 C20】_. “This is a striking gap that is not well understood by the public,“ she says.1 【C
9、1 】（A）hits（B） misses（C） occupies（D）attracts2 【C2 】（A）relieved（B） defended（C） indulged（D）obsessed3 【C3 】（A）sensitive（B） sentimental（C） sensational（D）sensible4 【C4 】（A）less（B） more（C） rather（D）other5 【C5 】（A）unusual（B） commonplace（C） conservative（D）characteristic6 【C6 】（A）evaporating（B） disappearing（C
10、） vanishing（D）fading7 【C7 】（A）that（B） it（C） those（D）them8 【C8 】（A）census（B） consent（C） consensus（D）censor9 【C9 】（A）on（B） with（C） for（D）at10 【C10 】（A）race（B） faith（C） class（D）gender11 【C11 】（A）revolved（B） devolved（C） involved（D）evolved12 【C12 】（A）elite（B） superior（C） noble（D）eligible13 【C13 】（A）appar
11、ently（B） nearly（C） only（D）barely14 【C14 】（A）widened（B） narrowed（C） closed（D）bridged15 【C15 】（A）probable（B） likely（C） liable（D）possible16 【C16 】（A）unpopular（B） sophisticated（C） selective（D）diversified17 【C17 】（A）contributed（B） tribute（C） attributed（D）distributed18 【C18 】（A）arrangement（B） distribution
12、（C） classification（D）layout19 【C19 】（A）foundation（B） composition（C） construction（D）combination20 【C20 】（A）influential（B） abundant（C） plentiful（D）affluentPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Death is a difficult
13、subject for anyone, but Americans want to talk about it less than most. They have a cultural expectation that whatever may be wrong with them, it can be fixed with the right treatment, and if the first doctor does not offer it they may seek a second, third or fourth opinion. Legal action is a consta
14、nt threat, so even if a patient is very ill and likely to die, doctors and hospitals will still persist with aggressive treatment, paid for by the insurer or, for the elderly, by Medicare. That is one reason why America spends 18% of its GDP on health care, the highest proportion in the world.That d
15、oes not mean that Americans are getting the worlds best health care. For the past 20 years doctors at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice have been compiling the “Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care“ , using Medicare data to compare health-spending patterns in different region
16、s and institutions. They find that average costs per patient during the last two years of life in some regions can be almost twice as high as in others, yet patients in the high-spending areas do not survive any longer or enjoy better health as a result.Ira Byock is the director of palliative medici
17、ne at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Centre. His book is a plea for those near the end of their life to be treated more like individuals and less like medical cases on which all available technology must be let loose. With two decades experience in the field, he makes a good case for sometimes leaving
18、well alone and helping people to die gently if that is what they want.That does not include assisted suicide, which he opposes. But it does include providing enough pain relief to make patients comfortable, co-coordinating their treatment among the different specialists, keeping them informed, havin
19、g enough staff on hand to see to their needs, making arrangements for them to be cared for at home where possibleand not officiously keeping them alive when there is no hope.But it is not easy to decide when to stop making every effort to save someones life and allow them to die gently. The book quo
20、tes the case of one HIV-positive young man who was acutely ill with multiple infections. He spent over four months in hospital, much of the time on a ventilator, and had countless tests, scans and other interventions. The total bill came to over $ lm. He came close to death many times, but eventuall
21、y pulled through and has now returned to a normal life. It is an uplifting story, but such an outcome is very rare.Dr Byocks writing style is not everybodys cup of tea, but he is surely right to suggest better management of a problem that can only get worse. As life expectancy keeps on rising, so wi
22、ll the proportion of old people in the population. And with 75m American baby-boomers now on the threshold of retirement, there is a limit to what the country can afford to spend to keep them going on and on.21 According to Paragraph 1, the disproportional large spending in health care stems from_.（
23、A）Americans failure to admit death as part of their life（B） doctors inclination to overtreat the patient（C） a culture that is obsessed with youth and health（D）a legal system which has a bias in favor of patients22 The author cited the findings of Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Pr
24、actice to illustrate that_.（A）the medical care quality differs widely from region to region（B） there is little that hospitals can do in saving peoples lives（C） a lot of medical resources are wasted（D）the American medical system is notorious for its low cost-effectiveness23 The central idea of Ira By
25、ocks book is to appeal to the hospital to_.（A）save every life with every possible means（B） help people to die if that is his/her will（C） make people feel comfortable in their remaining hours（D）consider whether the cure is worthwhile before conducting it24 In the authors opinion, the example of the H
26、IV-positive young man in Paragraph 5_.（A）eliminates the possibility of applying gentle dying process in medicare（B） is merely an extreme case that should not be taken as a standard（C） emphasizes the importance of aggressive treatment even with slim hope（D）is used as an irony of the current state of
27、American medical system25 According to the author, the American government will_the proposal of gentle dying.（A）disapprove of（B） divide at（C） hesitate at（D）side with25 In his new book, Going Solo, New York University sociologist Eric Klinenberg argues that were poised to become a nation dominated by
28、 single people. Just 51 percent of American adults are married, according to recent census data, and more than a quarter of all U. S. households consist of only one person. Yet singles often dont get a lot of loveand were not talking about their romantic lives.Activists say that unmarried people are
29、 systematically discriminated against. “ Singleism stereotyping, stigmatizing, and discrimination against people who are singleis largely unrecognized and unchallenged,“ says activist Bella DePaulo, the author of Singled Out.DePaulo says: “ People dont notice singleism, and if their attention is cal
30、led to it, they think theres nothing wrong. “ Thats why, for instance, car and health insurance companies get away with charging less for couples and families. “They can attract more business that way,“ DePaulo notes. In the process, they leave single people to essentially subsidize the benefit by p
31、aying more. “ When married workers can add spouses to a health-care plan at a discount and single workers cant add someone important to them, thats discrimination,“ says DePaulo.The U. S. government not only turns a blind eye to the problem of “ singleism,“ but helps enforce it, activists say. Just
32、look at Social Security. “A childless singleton can work side by side with a childless married person, doing the same job, for the same number of years, at the same level of accomplishmentand when the married person dies, that worker can leave his or her Social Security benefits to a spouse,“ says D
33、ePaulo. “ The single persons benefits go back into the system. “Thats especially true given how much they contribute to societymore, activists argue, than married couples with families. “On average, singles have more disposable income,“ Klinenberg says. “ They re fueling urban economies that would b
34、e in much worse shape without them. And compared to married people, theyre more likely to spend time with neighbors, to participate in public events, and to volunteer. “Singles may also be contributing more at the office, without being compensated for it, activists say. “ Studies have shown that sin
35、gles are often paid less than married people, even if they share the same title, responsibilities, and years of experience,“ says Langburt. “And if you agree that time equals dollars, then it doesnt stop there: theres maternity leave, all the time off leading up to the pregnancy for doctors visits,
36、and sick days. “Historically, governments have passed laws encouraging marriage and families in the hopes that doing so would decrease the likelihood that the state would need to care for abandoned children. But policies that benefit the married shouldnt be substitutes for more universal social prog
37、rams, says marriage historian Stephanie Coontz, the director of research and public education for the Council on Contemporary Families. “The penalties for being single in this country are worse than in Europe, where individuals have guaranteed access to health care, and they have options beyond a sp
38、ouses death benefits for staying above the poverty line as they age. “26 Singleism refers to_.（A）a kind of well-recognized stereotype about single people（B） a subtle form of economic inequality faced by single people（C） a stubborn opposition held by single people to married life（D）a type of overlook
39、ed discrimination against single people27 What can we infer from Paragraph 3 and 4?（A）There are serious defects in the mechanism of American social security.（B） The government and enterprises provide benefits for married people to boost marriage rate.（C） Marital status is often one consideration of
40、insurance companies when they are determining the insurance premium.（D）Enterprises always put the interest of most people at stake in order to satisfy its own interest.28 The main idea that the author wants to demonstrate in Paragraph 5 is that_.（A）the discrimination against single people is unaccep
41、table（B） single people deserve more privileges than married people（C） single people are the backbone of urban economy（D）The married people are too absorbed in their own family to be conscious of public welfare29 According to DePaulo, in the eyes of average people, the fact that single people have to
42、 pay more than couples to buy an insurance is_.（A）shocking（B） revealing（C） no surprising（D）uncommon30 It can be known from the last paragraph that the European countries_.（A）have abandoned the preferential policies for the married people（B） have seen to that the single people can pass their social s
43、ecurity to people important to them after they die（C） have done a good job in enhancing the universal welfare for the whole society（D）have prohibited all forms of implicit or explicit prejudice against the single by strict order30 Steve Jobs didnt think that technology alone could fix what ails Amer
44、ican education. Its worth remembering that in the wake of last weeks coverage of Apples new iBooks platform, which the company promises will radically change how students use and experience textbooks. Under Apples plan, companies and individuals will be able to self-publish textbooks, ideally creati
45、ng a wider array of content. Students will be able to download and use these books on their iPad much like they would use a regular textbook.Lets slow down. Textbooks or tools that look a lot like textbooks arent going anywhere anytime soon. And since high quality educational material isnt cheap to
46、generate, simply tearing down distribution barriers will only go so far in reducing the costs of producing good content. Lost in the heated claims, however, is a more fundamental question: what have educational technology efforts accomplished to date and what should we expect?As a field, education i
47、s easily seduced by technological promises. Textbooks? Thomas Edison saw movies as way to replace them. These days, conservatives are in love with the idea that technology will not only shrink the number of in-classroom teachers but render the teachers unions obsolete.The experience to date is less
48、grandiose and more worrisome considering the billions that have been spent on technology in schools in the past few decades. Interactive whiteboards have been around since the early 1990s and done little to transform how teachers teach, and computers are often unaligned with classroom instruction, e
49、ven though 90% of classrooms around the country have them.The reasons for the slow pace of change are as obvious as they are stubborn. Altering classroom and school practice in our wildly decentralized education system is always a slow process. Many teachers are not familiar with technology or how to use it in the classroom, and high-quality training programseither in schools of education or as pa
