1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 46 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Facebook has been【C1】_with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)anno
2、unced that it had reached a【C2】_settlement with the giant social network over【C3】_that it had misled people about its use of their personal data.The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which【C4】_over 800 m users, betrayed its users trust. It is also notable because it appears to be p
3、art of a broader【C5 】_by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid【C6 】_of social networks in America.The regulator s findings come at a【C7】_moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. T
4、o【C8】_the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy【C9】_with regulators in America and Europe,【C10】_its willingness to negotiate the settlement【C11】_this week.Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “ unfai
5、r and deceptive, and【C12】_federal law“. For instance, it【C13】_personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts【C14】_.The settlement does not【C15】_an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply【C16】_t
6、he company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook s boss, tried to【C17】_the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “ a small number of high-profile mistakes“ were【C18】_the social networks “good history“ on privacy.The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police
7、 itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years.There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the
8、 FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular【C19】_audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo,【C20】_one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate.1
9、【C1 】（A）setting（B） playing（C） lighting（D）turning2 【C2 】（A）craft（B） documentary（C） trade（D）draft3 【C3 】（A）verdicts（B） allegations（C） rumors（D）affirmation4 【C4 】（A）boasts（B） exaggerates（C） estimates（D）assesses5 【C5 】（A）impulse（B） initiative（C） innovation（D）motion6 【C6 】（A）increase（B） elevation（C） rise
10、（D）appearance7 【C7 】（A）indispensable（B） essential（C） critical（D）fundamental8 【C8 】（A）steer（B） clear（C） lay（D）remove9 【C9 】（A）controversy（B） competition（C） dispute（D）compromise10 【C10 】（A）despite（B） given（C） although（D）hence11 【C11 】（A）unveiled（B） discovered（C） exposed（D）revealed12 【C12 】（A）violated（
11、B） assaulted（C） resisted（D）betrayed13 【C13 】（A）informed（B） entrust（C） imparted（D）confided14 【C14 】（A）available（B） retrievable（C） reversible（D）inaccessible15 【C15 】（A）constitute（B） correspond（C） confirm（D）conceive16 【C16 】（A）involves（B） strikes（C） embarrasses（D）attacks17 【C17 】（A）turn down（B） cut dow
12、n（C） play down（D）bring down18 【C18 】（A）overshadowing（B） overlooking（C） overtaking（D）overthrowing19 【C19 】（A）expert（B） external（C） formal（D）automatic20 【C20 】（A）and（B） but（C） thus（D）despitePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
13、(40 points)20 Barack Obama invited a puzzling group of people into the White House on December 5th: university presidents. Whatever they might be, they are at the heart of a political firestorm. Anger about the cost of college extends from the parents to Occupiers. Mr. Obama is trying to urge univer
14、sities to address costs with “ much greater urgency“.This sense of urgency is justified: ex-students have debts approaching $ 1 trillion. But calm reflection is needed too. Americas universities suffer from many maladies besides cost. And rising costs are often symptoms of much deeper problems: prob
15、lems that were irritating during the years of affluence but which are fatal in an age of austerity.The first problem is the inability to say “no“. For decades American universities have been offering more of everythingmore courses for undergraduates, more research students for professors and more at
16、hletics for everybodyon the merry assumption that there would always be more money to pay for it all. The second is Ivy League Envy. The vast majority of American universities are obsessed by rising up the academic hierarchy, becoming a bit less like Yokel-U and a bit more like Yale.Ivy League Envy
17、leads to an obsession with research. This can be a problem even in the best universities; students feel short-changed by professors fixated on crawling along the frontiers of knowledge with a magnifying glass. At lower-level universities it causes dysfunction. American professors of literature crank
18、 out 70,000 scholarly publications a year, compared with 13,757 in 1959. Most of these simply molder: Mark Bauerlein of Emory University points out that, of the 16 research papers produced in 2004 by the University of Vermonts literature department, a fairly representative institution, 11 have since
19、 received between zero and two citations. The time wasted writing articles that will never be read cannot be spent teaching.Popular anger about universities costs is rising just as technology is shaking colleges to their foundations. The internet is changing the rules. Star academics can lecture to
20、millions online rather than the chosen few in person. And for-profit companies such as the University of Phoenix are stripping out costs by concentrating on a handful of useful courses as well as making full use of the internet. The Sloan Foundation reports that online enrolments grew by 10% in 2010
21、, against 2% for the sector as a whole.Nearly 100 years ago American universities faced similar worries about rising costs and detachment from the rest of society. Lawrence Lowell, the president of Harvard, argued that “ Institutions are rarely murdered; they meet their end by suicide. They die beca
22、use they have outlived their usefulness, or fail to do the work that the world wants done. “ Americas universities quickly began “ the work that the world wants done“ and started a century of American dominance of higher education. They need to repeat the trick if that century is not to end in failu
23、re.21 Which of the following may be one guiding education principle of the University of Phoenix?（A）Guaranteeing the free access to knowledge.（B） Concentrating on the cultivation of comprehensive qualities of students.（C） Being committed to practical education.（D）Facilitating class-based education w
24、ith advanced internet technology.22 The word maladies is closest in meaning to_.（A）disorders（B） disabilities（C） disadvantages（D）disagreement23 Which of the following statements is true about Ivy League Envy?（A）Professors are encouraged to publish more literary papers under the Ivy League Envy.（B） Iv
25、y League Envy is a phenomenon specific to second-rate American universities.（C） Ivy League Envy stems from an abnormal obsession with academic research.（D）The decline of education quality in universities is partly attributed to Ivy League Envy.24 In order to reduce the cost, American universities ha
26、ve to_.（A）say no to more applications from high school graduates（B） focus on the essential and discard the irrelevant（C） make a budget that caters to the interest of most people（D）give priority to teachers rather than students needs25 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the credit of Ame
27、rican universitys success in the 20th century goes to_.（A）the adaption to the needs in society（B） the protection of the independence of universities（C） the persevering exploration in advanced science and technology（D）the active involvement in social movement25 In an essay, entitled “Making It in Ame
28、rica,“ in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “ a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the m
29、an away from the machines. “Davidsons article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it
30、 is also because of the quantum advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. As they say, if horses could have voted, ther
31、e never would have been cars. But theres been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, factories shed workers so fast that roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobsabout 6 million in totaldisappeared. “Besides, what the new technology wont do in an above average
32、way a Chinese worker will. Consider this paragraph from an article in The Times about why Apple does so much of its manufacturing in China: “Apple had redesigned the iPhones screen at the last minute, forcing an assembly-line overhaul. New screens began arriving at the Chinese plant near midnight. A
33、 foreman immediately roused 8.000 workers inside the companys dormitories, according to the executive. Each employee was given a biscuit and a cup of tea, guided to a workstation and within half an hour started a 12-hour shift. Within 96 hours, the plant was producing over 10,000 iPhones a day. The
34、speed and flexibility is breathtaking, the executive said. Theres no American plant that can match that.“There will always be changenew jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I. T. revolution, the best jobs will require
35、 workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average. Here are the latest unemployment rates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for Americans over 25 years old: those with less than a high school degree, 13. 8 percent; those with a high school degree and no college, 8. 7 perc
36、ent; those with some college or associate degree, 7. 7 percent; and those with bachelors degree or higher, 4.1 percent.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for
37、 the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.26 The joke quoted in Paragraph 1 is used to highlight_.（A）the interdependence between human being and animal（B） the labor redundancy caused by machinery production（C） the degree of automation in manufacturin
38、g industry（D）the subordinate role human being played nowadays in manufacturing27 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.（A）some well-recognized economic trend may lead to unexpected results（B） the globalization progress will deteriorate the unemployment rate in all countries（C） the drop in demand
39、 prompts enterprises to look overseas for cheap foreign labor（D）some technological advancement will bring about disastrous consequences28 What does the author mean by saying“if horses could have voted, there never would have been cars“ ?（A）History is determined by a series of accidental events.（B） T
40、he upgrade of technology is accelerating in modern society.（C） There is always strong resistance to new advancement in technology.（D）It is inevitable that the outdated productive force be replaced by advanced force.29 The Apples example in Paragraph 4 is used to_.（A）describe the working condition of
41、 Apples manufacturing plant in China（B） disclose the secret behind Apples successful story（C） sing praises for Chinese workers team-work spirit and high productivity（D）explain why the cheap labor in developing countries is a threat for American labor market30 In the authors opinion, in order to boos
42、t employment, the most important thing to do is_.（A）stimulate demand inside America（B） impose restriction on immigration（C） guarantee access to university education（D）provide more on-the-job training30 The Republican presidential candidate Rick Santorum recently set off a debate when he attacked Ame
43、ricas colleges as “indoctrination mills“ from which Americans should keep their distance. Calling President Obama a “ snob“ for urging all Americans to go to college, he joined a long tradition that runs from Andrew Carnegie, who more than a century ago described colleges as places that prepare stud
44、ents for “ life upon another planet,“ to Newt Gingrich, who has claimed that alumni donations are often used “ to subsidize bizarre and destructive visions of reality. “Mr. Santorums remarks have been widely, and justly,rebutted. Yet defenders of college should do more than respond to its critics wi
45、th contempt. We should seize the opportunity for introspection. Why does the anti-college mantra still touch a nerve among so many Americans?Consider the fact that SAT scores(a big factor in college admissions)correlate closely with family wealth. The total average SAT score of students from familie
46、s earning more than $ 100,000 per year is more than 100 points higher than for students in the income range of $ 50,000 to $ 60,000. Or consider that a mere 3 percent of students in the top 150 colleges come from families in the bottom income quartile of American society. Only a very dogmatic Social
47、 Darwinist would conclude from these facts that intelligence closely tracks how much money ones parents make. A better explanation is that students from affluent families have many advantagestest-prep tutors, high schools with good college counseling, parents with college savvy and so on.Yet once th
48、e beneficiaries arrive at college, what do they learn about themselves? Its a good bet that the dean or president will greet them with congratulations for being the best and brightest ever to walk through the gates. A few years ago, the critic and essayist William Deresiewicz, who went to Columbia a
49、nd taught at Yale, wrote that his Ivy education taught him to believe that those who didnt attend “ an Ivy League or equivalent school“ were “beneath“ him.Our oldest and most prestigious colleges are losing touch with the spirit in which they were founded. To the stringent Protestants who founded Harvard, Yale and Princeton, the mark of salvation was not high self-esteem but humbling awareness of ones lowline
