1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 49 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 At work, as in life, attractive women get a lot of good lucks. Studies have shown that they are more likely to be【C1】_than their pl
2、ain-Jane colleagues because people tend to project【C2】_traits【C3】_them, such as a sensitive heart and a cool head, they may also be at a/an【C4】_in job interviews. But research suggests otherwise.Brad Hanks at Georgia State University looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their
3、resume, as is the【C5】_in much of Europe and Asia. The pair sent made-up applications to over 2,500 real-life【C6】_. For each job, they sent two very similar resume, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously been graded for their attractiveness.For men, the results were【C7】_expected. Hunk
4、s were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo. Ugly men were better off not including one. However, for women this was【C8】_. Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugshot. When applying directly to a company(rather than through
5、an agency)an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average【C9】_getting an interview; a/an【C10】_qualified plain one just seven.At first, Mr. Hanks considered【C11 】_he calls the “dumb-blonde hypothesis“that people【C12】_beautiful women to be stupid.【C13】_, the photos had also been rated on
6、how【C14】_people thought each subject looked; there was no【C15】_between perceived intellect and beauty.So the cause of the discrimination must【C16】_elsewhere. Human resources departments tend to be【C17】_mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite f
7、or an interview were female. The researchers unavoidableand unpalatableconclusion is that old-fashioned【C18】_led the women to discriminate【C19】_pretty candidates.So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy? No. Better, says Mr. Hanks, to discourage the practice of inclu
8、ding a photo altogether. Companies might even consider the【C20】_model used in the Belgian public sector, where CVs do not even include the candidates name.1 【C1 】（A）recruited（B） offended（C） promoted（D）flattered2 【C2 】（A）possible（B） peculiar（C） perfect（D）positive3 【C3 】（A）with（B） to（C） in（D）on4 【C4 】
9、（A）advantage（B） benefit（C） favor（D）edge5 【C5 】（A）standard（B） norm（C） criterion（D）example6 【C6 】（A）places（B） sites（C） vacancies（D）spaces7 【C7 】（A）as（B） below（C） beyond（D）above8 【C8 】（A）diversified（B） conversed（C） reversed（D）reserved9 【C9 】（A）unless（B） before（C） while（D）when10 【C10 】（A）suitably（B） ful
10、ly（C） equally（D）ideally11 【C11 】（A）what（B） as（C） which（D）that12 【C12 】（A）assert（B） define（C） judge（D）assume13 【C13 】（A）Therefore（B） However（C） Additionally（D）Consequently14 【C14 】（A）intellectual（B） intelligent（C） intellect（D）intelligible15 【C15 】（A）conflict（B） overlap（C） correlation（D）alliance16 【C1
11、6 】（A）locate（B） rely（C） lie（D）lay17 【C17 】（A）staffed（B） occupied（C） populated（D）inhabited18 【C18 】（A）admiration（B） jealousy（C） prejudice（D）stereotype19 【C19 】（A）about（B） against（C） with（D）for20 【C20 】（A）analogous（B） unanimous（C） anonymous（D）anecdotalPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. A
12、nswer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Where do good ideas come from? For centuries, all credit for these mysterious gifts went to faith, fortune and some fair muses. But to assume creativity is some lofty trait enjoyed by the few is both foolish and unproductive
13、, argues Jonah Lehrer in “Imagine“ , a smart new book about “how creativity works“. Drawing from a wide array of scientific and sociological researchand everything from the poetry of W. H. Auden to the films of Pixarhe makes a convincing case that innovation cannot only be studied and measured, but
14、also nurtured and encouraged.Just outside St Paul, Minnesota, sits the corporate headquarters of 3M. The company sells more than 55,000 products, from streetlights to computer touch-screens, and is ranked as the third-most innovative in the world. But when Mr. Lehrer visits, he finds employees engag
15、ed in all sorts of frivolous activities, such as playing pinball and wandering about the campus. These workers are actually pushed to take regular breaks, as time away from a problem can help spark a moment of insight. This is because interrupting work with a relaxing activity lets the mind turn inw
16、ard, where it can subconsciously puzzle over subtle meanings and connections. “ Thats why so many insights happen during warm showers,“ says Joydeep Bhattacharya, a psychologist at Goldsmiths, University of London.But this is just one reason for 3Ms creative output. The company also encourages its e
17、mployees to take risks, not only by spending masses on research(nearly 8% of gross revenue), but also by expecting workers to spend around 15% of their time pursuing speculative ideas. Most of these efforts will fail, but some will generate real profit for the company. The reason why this approach w
18、orksand why it has been imitated by other crafty companies such as Googleis because many breakthroughs come when people venture beyond their area of expertise.This is why young people tend to be the most innovative thinkers in nearly any field, from physics to music. The ignorance of youth “comes wi
19、th creative advantages,“ writes Mr. Lehrer, as the young are less jaded by custom and experience. Still, he reassures readers that anyone can stay creative as long as he works “ to maintain the perspective of the outsider“. This can be done by considering new problems at work, travelling to new coun
20、tries or simply spending more time staring “at things we dont fully understand. “This is an inspiring and engaging book that reveals creativity as less a sign of rare genius than a natural human potential. Mr. Lehrer points to William Shakespeare, for example, as someone who was largely a man of his
21、 time; the culture of Elizabethan London nurtured quite a few poetsmuch like ancient Athens gave rise to a glut of thinkers and Renaissance Florence inspired many fine artists. Shakespeare knew his way with a pen, but he also lived in a culture that put a premium on ideas, spread education, introduc
22、ed new patents for inventions and did not always rigorously enforce censorship laws.Mr. Lehrer concludes with a call for better policy to “ increase our collective creativity“. He suggests allowing more immigration, inviting more risk and enabling more cultural borrowing and adaptation. He also warn
23、s that the work demands a lot of time, sweat and gut. Or as Albert Einstein put it: “ creativity is the residue of time wasted. “21 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_is necessary for sparking a moment of insight.（A）constant distraction（B） long time of concentration（C） subconscious meditation（
24、D）relaxing mood22 According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, which of the following statements about the company 3M is true?（A）The company has been so successful in nurturing the collective creativity that other companies follow suit.（B） The company has been subjected to great financial loss by encouraging em
25、ployees to take risks irrationally.（C） The company lays more emphasis on individuality and creativity than on collaboration.（D）The company expected its employees to spend 15% of their time on speculating ways to increase productivity.23 It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that the old tend to be les
26、s creative because_.（A）they have outlived the days when their mind is sharpest and most lively（B） the easy and comfortable life exhausts their passion to invent and create（C） their perspective as an outsider has been accepted by the mainstream（D）experience and convention restrains them from breaking
27、 the rule24 We can conclude from Paragraph 5 that_.（A）innovation is always branded with the limitation of specific time（B） creativity of human being has reached its summit in several historical periods（C） creativity can be encouraged and nurtured in the right circumstance（D）Shakespeare is merely an
28、ordinary man with no superior creativity 25 By quoting Albert Einsteins saying that “creativity is the residue of time wasted“ , the author wants to make clear that_.（A）when you have wasted enough time, the creative ideas will come to you naturally（B） the generation of a creative idea requires hard
29、work and intense dedication（C） all talk about creativity but no deeds is just a waste of time（D）creativity is not something that everyone can capitalize on25 As a giant of the stock market, Apple is unusual. For much of the past 20 years, three companies have alternated in the role of the largest on
30、 the American stock market: Exxon Mobil, General Electric and Microsoft. The first two are very big companies by Apple standards. But Apple offers the kind of growth prospects that the shareholders of Exxon Mobil and GE can only dream of. Its sales in the latest quarter were almost double those of t
31、he previous year, and forecasts for 2013 revenues are nearly treble those recorded in 2010. It is the epitome of the modern company: short on physical capital but long on brainpower.So what does Apples dominance reveal about the economy and the stock market? First, it is a powerful reminder that the
32、 free market can still be remarkably innovative. In the past 11 years Apple has launched three productsthe iPod, iPhone and iPadthat have created brand new markets, fulfilling desires that consumers did not even know they had. It is impossible to imagine any of those designs being dreamed up by a bu
33、reaucrat.Second, it shows that the internet industry has come of age. The dotcom bubble of the late 1990s featured companies that were heavy on ideas but light on revenues or profits. When the bubble burst a decade ago, it was feared that the internet would savage margins by “ commoditizing“ devices
34、 like phones and personal computers. Apple has so far proved that it is possible to earn high margins with brilliant design and by offering consumers ways to access the internet effortlessly wherever they go. It has made the mobile era its own.Third, Apples rise shows that, even in a period of auste
35、rity, consumers are willing to pay for the must-have gadget. The company is a huge beneficiary of globalization: able not only to source its products at low cost in Asia but to sell the finished goods there as well. A global elite is now willing to pay for the most desirable products, from luxury lu
36、ggage to premium Scotch. And Americas soft power is still so strong that it can create aspiring brands for that elite.But does Apples surge to preeminence indicate that the stock market is back to the insane days of the late 1990s? There are certainly warning signs. Brokers are competing to come up
37、with the highest potential price target for Apples shares, and the announcement of a share buy-back should remind investors that companies have a tendency to purchase their own equity at market peaks. But when Cisco, a technology giant, was briefly worth more than $500 billion in 2000, its price-ear
38、nings ratio was above 100; Apple trades on only 22 times its 2011 profits. Its new dividend yield will be almost as generous as that of the overall market. Even if its shares turn out to be overvalued, this would be more like a pimple than a bubble.26 Compared with Exxon Mobil and General Electronic
39、s, Apple_.（A）is larger in size and tangible assets（B） is valued lower in stock market（C） is growing at an unprecedented rate（D）is more closely linked with finance market27 The point that the author wants to illustrate in Paragraph 2 is that_.（A）in most cases, customers demands are created rather tha
40、n ready-made（B） the superiority of American market system is still distinct（C） only American companies are capable of producing innovative products like iPhone（D）Americans panic over the rise of othe countries is unnecessary28 What does the author mean by saying that“the internet industry has come o
41、f age“(Para. 3)?（A）The internet industry has declined from its hey day.（B） The internet industry has become out of date.（C） The internet industry has come into maturity.（D）The bubble in internet industry has burst.29 Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?（A）Economic rece
42、ssion has no effect on the purchasing power of consumers.（B） Most of Apples clients are Asian elites who are equipped with huge consuming power and obsessed with luxury goods.（C） Apple is substantially the same with those dotcome bubble companies as they are both heavy on ideas but light on revenues
43、.（D）Internet industry is still a booming industry despite the burst of dotcom bubble in the 1990s.30 In the authors opinion, the prospects of Apple in stock market is_.（A）bleak（B） uncertain（C） optimistic（D）pessimistic30 During the recession, job losses were not equitably shared; employment rates fel
44、l more for some groups than others. It is also well-known that job losses were greater among men than among women the so-called mancessionlargely because men had been more likely to work in the residential construction and manufacturing industries that were hit hardest.What Im going to reveal is the
45、 employment rates separately for married women and unmarried women who were heads of households. Not surprisingly, the latter are somewhat more likely to work. More surprising is that employment rates fell so much more for these unmarried women who were heads of household. Employment per capita fell
46、 4. 7 percentage points among the latter, compared with 1. 6 percentage points among the former. The job-loss gap associated with marital status turns out to be as large as the more widely recognized job loss gap associated with gender.Neither group of women had many members working in construction,
47、 so the decline of construction cannot explain these differences. An “ added-worker effect“ has been observed during a number of recessions: more married women worked during a recession than during an expansion because wives sometimes begin work to help replace the income lost by their unemployed hu
48、sbands.The employment rate among nonelderly married men fell 4 percentage points, to 83 percent from 87 percent. While that is a large decline by historical standards, it still means that roughly 95 percent of wives whose husbands were employed in 2007 had husbands who continued their employment dur
49、ing the recession. Among the 5 percent of wives who were not so fortunate, roughly two-thirds of them had already been working before the recession and therefore could not react to their husbands unemployment by starting work. Therefore the added-worker effect is much too small to explain the sharply different job-loss rates by marital status.What seems to be especially different between married and unmarried women is their
